ἐσθίω
οὐ δικαίως θάνατον ἔχθουσιν βροτοί, ὅσπερ μέγιστον ῥῦμα τῶν πολλῶν κακῶν → unjustly men hate death, which is the greatest defence against their many ills | men are not right in hating death, which is the greatest succour from our many ills
English (LSJ)
(cf. ἔσθω, ἔδω, the latter of which is the radic. form, and supplies fut. and pf. of ἐσθίω), impf.
A ἤσθιον Hes.Op.147 : fut. ἔδομαι (old pres. subj. of non-thematic stem) Il.4.237, Ar.Pax1357(lyr.), etc. ; ἐδοῦμαι late, (προκατ-) Luc.Hes.7, etc. : pf. ἐδήδοκα Ar.Eq.362, X.An.4.8.20 ; opt. ἐδηδοκοίη Cratin.320 ; Ep.part. ἐδηδώς, -υῖα, Il.17.542, h.Merc.560 : plpf. ἐδηδόκειν Luc.Gall.4(v.l.):—Med., aor. 1 ἠδεσάμην (κατ-) Gal.5.752:—Pass., ἐσθίομαι Od.4.318, Thphr.HP1.12.4, Luc.Cyn.11, etc. : aor. 1 ἠδέσθην v.l. in Hp.Vict.2.54, Arist.Pr.908a29, (ἀπ-, κατ-) Pl.Com.138,35: pf. ἐδήδεσμαι (κατ-) Pl.Phd.110e, ἐδήδεμαι (ἀπ-) Arist.HA591a5 (v.l.) ; Ep. 3sg. ἐδήδοται Od.22.56.— The aor. 2 and later also the fut. are supplied by φαγ- (v. φαγεῖν); in Ion. and Hellenistic Greek the pf. is βέβρωκα βέβρωμαι, aor. Pass. ἐβρώθην; in late Greek the pres. is τρώγω:—eat, ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Od.2.305, 21.69 ; τὰ ἐσθίοντα ἐν στρατιᾷ the ration-strength, X.Cyr.1.6.17 : usu. c. acc., κρέα ἤσθιον Od.20.348, cf. S.Fr.671 (from a satyric drama), E.Cyc.233 : c. gen., ἐ. τινός eat of.., X.HG3.3.6, etc. ; of animals, devour, ἤσθιε δ' ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος Od.9.292 ; χρόα γῦπες ἔδονται Il.4.237, cf. Hes.Th.524, 773, Semon.9, etc. ; consume, βίοτον καὶ κτήματ' ἔδονται Od.2.123:—Pass., ἐσθίεταί μοι οἶκος my house is eaten up, I am eaten out of house and home, 4.318 ; ὅσσα τοι ἐκπέποται καὶ ἐδήδοται 22.56. 2 metaph., πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει the fire devours all, Il.23.182 ; of an eating sore, A.Fr.253:—Pass., ὀδόντες ἐσθιόμενοι decayed teeth, Thphr.Char.19.3 ; ἐσθιόμενα eroded parts of the bowel, Hp.Epid.4.20. 3 fret, vex, ἐ. ἑαυτόν Ar.V.287 (lyr.) ; ἐ. τὴν χελύνην ὑπ' ὀργῆς to bite the lip, ib.1083 ; ἐ. καρδίαν Pythag. ap. Plu.2.12e. 4 take in one's mouth, γλῶτταν αὐλοῦ Philostr.Im.1.20.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1042] (auch ἔσθω), nur praes. u. impf.; für den gew. Gebrauch ist das fut. dazu ἔδομαι, aor. ἔφαγον, perf. ἐδήδοκα, ἐδήδεσμαι, aor. ἠδέσθην; essen, gew. von Menschen, absolut, bes. oft ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν, od. τί, Hom. u. Folgde; auch von Thieren, fressen, Ar. Pax 31; Arist. H. A. 6, 18; u. von anderen Dingen, π ῦρ πάντας ἐσθίει, das Feuer verzehrt sie, Il. 23, 182; οἶκος ἐσθίεται, das Haus wird aufgezehrt durch Schwelgerei, Od. 4, 318; selten bei den Tragg.; in Prosa überall; übertr., ἑαυτόν, sich abhärmen, Ar. Vesp. 287; vgl. μὴ ἐσθίειν καρδίαν, Pyth. bei Plut. ed. lib. 17; beißen, anbeißen, Ael. H. A. 6, 9 u. a. Sp. – Hippocr. hat auch das med., bes. τὰ ἐσθιόμενα, scharfe, beißende Sachen.
French (Bailly abrégé)
impf. ἤσθιον, f. ἔδομαι, et réc. φάγομαι, ao.2 ἔφαγον, pf. ἐδήδοκα, pf.2 ἔδηδα, pqp. ἐδηδόκειν;
Pass. ao. ἠδέσθην, pf. ἐδήδεσμαι;
1 manger : τι, qch ; τινος, de qch ; τὰ ἐσθίοντα XÉN l’organe qui sert à manger, la bouche;
2 rar. en parl. d’animaux paître, se repaître;
3 fig. dévorer, consumer.
Étymologie: R. Ἐδ, manger, dévorer ; cf. ἔδω.
English (Autenrieth)
inf. ἐσθέμεναι, ipf. ἤσθιον, ἦσθε, aor. ἔφαγον, inf. φαγέμεν, φαγέειν, for fut. and perf., see ἔδω: eat, said of both men and animals; fig., ‘consume,’ ‘devour,’ Od. 2.75 ; πῦρ, Il. 23.182; pass., οἶκος, Od. 4.318.