ξυρόν: Difference between revisions
Οἱ βασιλεῖς τῇ ἐγκυκλοπαιδείᾳ, αὐτὴ τοῖς βασιλεῦσι (Salamanca inscription) → The kings for the university, and the university for the kings
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n. (<b class="b3">-ός</b> m.)<br />Meaning: [[razor]] (K 173).<br />Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ξυρο-δόκη</b> f. <b class="b2">razor-case</b> (Ar.); as 2. member with metr. conditioned enlargement in <b class="b3">ὑπο-ξύριος</b> (AP 6, 307; verse-end), prop. "what is under the <b class="b3">ξ</b>.", i.e. <b class="b2">on what a razor is wheted</b>. Also as backformation in <b class="b3">ὑπό-ξυρος</b> <b class="b2">a little (or below) shaved off</b>, of the nose of an eagle etc. (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἀπό-ξυρος</b> <b class="b2">shaved off, steep</b>, of a rock (Peripl. M. Rubr., Luc.), <b class="b3">κατά-ξυρος</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">θυρίδες</b> ('loop-holes'; Ph. Bel.), of <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-ξυράω</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (s.b.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Deminut.: <b class="b3">ξύρ-ιον</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-άφιον</b> (Gal., Sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξυρίας</b> m. <b class="b2">provided with a tonsure, clean-shaven man</b> (Poll., H.). 3. <b class="b3">ξυρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. s.v. <b class="b3">ξιρίς</b>. 4. Denominative verbs: a. <b class="b3">ξυρέω</b> (Hdt., τrag. a. Att.), <b class="b3">ξυράω</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b> (Hdt., Plu.), <b class="b3">ξύρω</b>. <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ξῦραι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b> (Hp., hell.), also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">shave clean</b> with <b class="b3">ξύρησις</b> f. [[shaving]] (LXX), <b class="b3">-ήσιμος</b> <b class="b2">good for shaving</b> (Ael. Dion.), <b class="b3">ξυρησμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn.), <b class="b3">ξυρητής</b> m. [[barber]] (pap.) ; b. <b class="b3">ξυρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Sch.) with <b class="b3">ξύρισμα</b> n. [[shaving]] (Tz.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [586] <b class="b2">*ksuro-</b> [[razor]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word identical with Skt. <b class="b2">kṣurá-</b> m. [[razor]], IE <b class="b2">*ksuró-</b> (on the original meaning Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 61 w. lit.). Because of the limited spread of the word Specht KZ 66, 9ff. and Lexis 3, 70 wants to see in <b class="b2">kṣurá-</b> = <b class="b3">ξυρόν</b> a common LW [loanword] from an unknown south-eastern source. Wellargued objections by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 49 f., Fraenkel Glotta 32, 24 f. w. n. 3, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 349 f. -- For further connections s. [[ξύω]]. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n. (<b class="b3">-ός</b> m.)<br />Meaning: [[razor]] (K 173).<br />Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ξυρο-δόκη</b> f. <b class="b2">razor-case</b> (Ar.); as 2. member with metr. conditioned enlargement in <b class="b3">ὑπο-ξύριος</b> (AP 6, 307; verse-end), prop. "what is under the <b class="b3">ξ</b>.", i.e. <b class="b2">on what a razor is wheted</b>. Also as backformation in <b class="b3">ὑπό-ξυρος</b> <b class="b2">a little (or below) shaved off</b>, of the nose of an eagle etc. (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἀπό-ξυρος</b> <b class="b2">shaved off, steep</b>, of a rock (Peripl. M. Rubr., Luc.), <b class="b3">κατά-ξυρος</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">θυρίδες</b> ('loop-holes'; Ph. Bel.), of <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-ξυράω</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (s.b.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Deminut.: <b class="b3">ξύρ-ιον</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-άφιον</b> (Gal., Sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξυρίας</b> m. <b class="b2">provided with a tonsure, clean-shaven man</b> (Poll., H.). 3. <b class="b3">ξυρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. s.v. <b class="b3">ξιρίς</b>. 4. Denominative verbs: a. <b class="b3">ξυρέω</b> (Hdt., τrag. a. Att.), <b class="b3">ξυράω</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b> (Hdt., Plu.), <b class="b3">ξύρω</b>. <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ξῦραι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b> (Hp., hell.), also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">shave clean</b> with <b class="b3">ξύρησις</b> f. [[shaving]] (LXX), <b class="b3">-ήσιμος</b> <b class="b2">good for shaving</b> (Ael. Dion.), <b class="b3">ξυρησμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn.), <b class="b3">ξυρητής</b> m. [[barber]] (pap.) ; b. <b class="b3">ξυρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Sch.) with <b class="b3">ξύρισμα</b> n. [[shaving]] (Tz.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [586] <b class="b2">*ksuro-</b> [[razor]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word identical with Skt. <b class="b2">kṣurá-</b> m. [[razor]], IE <b class="b2">*ksuró-</b> (on the original meaning Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 61 w. lit.). Because of the limited spread of the word Specht KZ 66, 9ff. and Lexis 3, 70 wants to see in <b class="b2">kṣurá-</b> = <b class="b3">ξυρόν</b> a common LW [loanword] from an unknown south-eastern source. Wellargued objections by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 49 f., Fraenkel Glotta 32, 24 f. w. n. 3, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 349 f. -- For further connections s. [[ξύω]]. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=ξῠρόν, οῦ, [ξύω]<br />a [[rasor]], Hom., etc.:—[[proverb]], ἐπὶ ξυροῦ [[ἵσταται]] ἀκμῆς [[ὄλεθρος]] ἠὲ [[βιῶναι]] [[death]] or [[life]] is [[balanced]] on a [[rasor]]'s [[edge]], Il.; ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τῆς ἀκμῆς ἔχεται [[ἡμῖν]] τὰ πράγματα Hdt.; βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυρῷ τύχης Soph. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 04:35, 10 January 2019
English (LSJ)
τό,
A razor, E.El.241, Ar.Ec.65, Th.219, Nic.Al.411, Plu. Art.29, etc.: prov., ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς... ὄλεθρος ἠὲ βιῶναι death or life is balanced on a razor's edge, Il.10.173 : freq. in later authors, to express a delicately balanced like lihood of failure or success, ἀκμᾶς ἑστακυῖαν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ Ἑλλάδα Simon.97 ; ἐπὶ ξ. γὰρ ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πρήγματα Hdt.6.11 ; κίνδυνος ἐπὶ ξ. ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Thgn.557 ; βεβὼς . . ἐπὶ ξ. τύχης S.Ant.996 ; ἔβητ' ἐπὶ ξ. ; E.HF630 ; ἐπὶ ξ. εἶναι Theoc.22.6 ; ἐπὶ ξ. ἑστηκέναι Luc.JTr.3.
ξῠρόν· τομόν, ἰσχνόν, ὀξύ, Hsch.
German (Pape)
[Seite 282] τό (ξύω, auch mit κείρω verwandt, vgl. Buttm. Lexil. II p. 264), das Scheermesser; κρᾶτα πλόκαμόν τ' ἐσκυθισμένον ξυρῷ, Eur. El. 241; Ar. Eccl. 65 u. A. – Von der haarfeinen Schärfe der Scheermesserklinge übertr., νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς ἢ ὄλεθρος ἠὲ βιῶναι, Il. 10, 173, sprichwörtlich von dem entscheidenden Augenblicke, wo ein Haarbreit den Ausschlag geben kann, wie Her. 6, 11 sagt: ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν πρήγματα ἢ εἶναι ἐλευθέροισι ἢ δούλοισι; vgl. Theogn. 569; ähnlich Theocr. 22, 6, ἀνθρώπων σωτῆρες ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἤδη ἐόντων, von den Dioskuren, den Rettern in der äußersten Gefahr; vgl. Aesch. Ch. 870, ἔοικε νῦν αὐτῆς ἐπὶ ξυροῦ πέλας αὐχὴν πεσεῖσθαι; Soph. φρόνει βεβὼς αὖ νῦν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τύχης, Ant. 983; ὧδ' ἔβητ' ἐπὶ ξυροῦ, Eur. Herc. Fur. 630; so auch bei sp. D.; Paroemiogr.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ξυρόν: «τομόν. ἰσχνόν. ὀξὺ» Ἡσύχ.
ξῠρόν, τό, (ξύω, ἴδε ἐν λέξ. ξέω)· - ξυράφιον, Ὅμ., κλ.· - ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς …, ὄλεθρος ἠὲ βιῶναι, μεταφ. ἡ σωτηρία ἵσταται νῦν ἐπὶ ἀκμῆς ξυροῦ, (ἢ θὰ ἀπολεσθῶμεν ἢ θὰ σωθῶμεν, - θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέσσον, ὡς λέγει ὁ Θεόκρ.) Ἰλ. Κ. 173 συχνὸν ὡσαύτως καὶ παρὰ τοῖς μετέπειτα πρὸς δήλωσιν σωτηρίας ἢ ἐκφυγῆς θαυμαστῆς καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων, ἀκμῆς ἑστηκυῖαν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ Ἑλλάδα Σιμων. 103· ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τῆς ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πράγματα Ἡρόδ. 6. 11· κίνδυνος ἐπὶ ξ. ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Θέογν. 557· ἔοικε νῦν ἐπὶ ξ. πέλας αὐχὴν πεσεῖσθαι Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 883· βεβὼς ... ἐπὶ ξ. τύχης Σοφ. Ἀντ. 996· ἔβητ’ ἐπὶ ξυροῦ Εὐρ. Ἡρ. Μαιν. 630· ἐπὶ ξ. εἶναι Θεόκρ. 22. 6· ἐπὶ ξ. ἑστηκέναι Λουκ. ἐν Διῒ Τραγῳδ. 3.
French (Bailly abrégé)
οῦ (τό) :
rasoir ; ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς ἵστασθαι IL, ἔχεσθαι HDT, εἶναι THCR, ou simpl. ἐπὶ ξυροῦ être sous le tranchant du rasoir, càd au moment critique.
Étymologie: R. Ξυ racler ; v. ξέω.
English (Autenrieth)
(ξύω): razor; proverb ‘on the razor's edge,’ see ἀκμή, Il. 10.173†.
Greek Monolingual
ξυρόν, τὸ (Α)
1. ξυράφι
2. μάχαιρα με την οποία αποκεφαλίζονταν οι καταδικασμένοι σε θάνατο
3. (κατά τον Ησύχ.) «τομόν, ἰσχνόν, ὀξύ»
4. παροιμ. φρ. «ἐπὶ ξυροῡ (ἀκμῆς)»
α) σε κρίσιμο σημείο, σε μεγάλο κίνδυνο, στην κόψη του ξυραφιού
β) μεταγενέστερα λεγόταν και για δήλωση ως εκ θαύματος σωτηρίας («ἐπὶ ξυροῡ ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῑν τὰ πράγματα», Ηρόδ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Πρόκειται για αρχ. λ. που συνδέεται με το ρ. ξύω και αντιστοιχεί επακριβώς με το αρχ. ινδ. ksura-. Οι δύο αυτοί τ. είναι και οι μόνοι που μαρτυρούνται από την Ινδοευρωπαϊκή. Είναι αμφίβολο αν η αρχική σημ. της λ. είναι «ξυράφι» ή «μαχαίρι»].
Greek Monotonic
ξῠρόν: τό (ξύω), ξυράφι, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· παροιμ., ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς ὄλεθρος ἠὲ βιῶναι, μεταφ., ο θάνατος ή η ζωή ισορροπούν στην κόψη του ξυραφιού, ή θα χαθούμε ή θα σωθούμε, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τῆς ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πράγματα, σε Ηρόδ.· βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυρῷ τύχης, σε Σοφ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ξῠρόν: τό бритва Eur., Arph., Plut.: ἐπὶ ξυροῦ (ἀκμῆς) ἵστασθαι Hom., Plut., ἔχεσθαι Her., ἐστηκέναι Luc. или εἶναι Theocr. находиться на острие бритвы, т. е. висеть на волоске, быть в критическом положении.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n. (-ός m.)
Meaning: razor (K 173).
Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. ξυρο-δόκη f. razor-case (Ar.); as 2. member with metr. conditioned enlargement in ὑπο-ξύριος (AP 6, 307; verse-end), prop. "what is under the ξ.", i.e. on what a razor is wheted. Also as backformation in ὑπό-ξυρος a little (or below) shaved off, of the nose of an eagle etc. (Hp.), ἀπό-ξυρος shaved off, steep, of a rock (Peripl. M. Rubr., Luc.), κατά-ξυρος adjunct of θυρίδες ('loop-holes'; Ph. Bel.), of ὑπο-, ἀπο-, κατα-ξυράω, -έω (s.b.).
Derivatives: 1. Deminut.: ξύρ-ιον (hell.), -άφιον (Gal., Sch.). 2. ξυρίας m. provided with a tonsure, clean-shaven man (Poll., H.). 3. ξυρίς, -ίδος f. s.v. ξιρίς. 4. Denominative verbs: a. ξυρέω (Hdt., τrag. a. Att.), ξυράω, -άομαι (Hdt., Plu.), ξύρω. -ομαι, aor. ξῦραι, -ασθαι (Hp., hell.), also with prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ὑπο-, κατα-, shave clean with ξύρησις f. shaving (LXX), -ήσιμος good for shaving (Ael. Dion.), ξυρησμός m. id. (Hdn.), ξυρητής m. barber (pap.) ; b. ξυρίζω = -έω (Sch.) with ξύρισμα n. shaving (Tz.).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [586] *ksuro- razor
Etymology: Old inherited word identical with Skt. kṣurá- m. razor, IE *ksuró- (on the original meaning Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 61 w. lit.). Because of the limited spread of the word Specht KZ 66, 9ff. and Lexis 3, 70 wants to see in kṣurá- = ξυρόν a common LW [loanword] from an unknown south-eastern source. Wellargued objections by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 49 f., Fraenkel Glotta 32, 24 f. w. n. 3, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 349 f. -- For further connections s. ξύω.
Middle Liddell
ξῠρόν, οῦ, [ξύω]
a rasor, Hom., etc.:—proverb, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς ὄλεθρος ἠὲ βιῶναι death or life is balanced on a rasor's edge, Il.; ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τῆς ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πράγματα Hdt.; βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυρῷ τύχης Soph.