ἀμφορεύς

English (LSJ)

έως, ὁ: acc.
A ἀμφορέα Ar.Fr.299: dual ἀμφορῆ Telecl.2 D.: pl. ἀμφορῆς Ar.Nu.1203:—jar with a narrow neck, amphora, large jar or pitcher with two handles (στενόστομον τὸ τεῦχος Id.Fr. 108), Hdt.4.163, Ar.Nu.1203, etc.; used for various purposes, esp. for keeping wine in, Pl.807, Fr.299; or milk, E.Cyc.327; for pickles, X. An.5.4.28.
2 ornament in shape of vase, ὅρμος -έων IG11(2).161B 38 (Delos, iii B.C.), cf. SIG2588.199 (ib., ii B.C.).
II liquid measure, = μετρητής (Philyll.7, Moer.45, etc.), 1 1/2 Roman amphorae or nearly 9 gallons, Hdt.1.51, IG3.38, D.43.8, etc. (Shortened form of ἀμφιφορεύς, q.v., from having two handles.)

Panathenaic prize amphora for runners; circa 530 BC; terracotta; height: 62.2 cm (24​1⁄2 in.); Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

German (Pape)

[Seite 146] έως, ὁ, abgekürzte Form von ἀμφιφορεύς, 1) Gefäß mit zwei Henkeln, bes. zu Wein, Ar. Plut. 807; vgl. Nub. 1185 ἀμφορῆς νενησμένοι. vollgepfropfte u. desh. unbehülfliche Krüge, Wolf vgl. Theekessel; zu Milch, Eur. Cycl. 326; zum Einpökeln des Fleisches, Xen. An. 5, 4, 28. Bei Soph. frg. 303 Todtenurne. – 2) ein bestimmtes Maaß für Flüssigkeiten, Her. 1. 51. Nach Poll. 10, 70 = μετρητής, aber nach Moer. attische Form dafür, vgl. die römische amphora.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἀμφορεύς: έως, ὁ, αἰτ. ἀμφορέα Ἀριστοφ. Ἀποσπ. 285· πληθ. ἀμφορῆς ὁ αὐτ. Νεφ. 1203: - εἶδος ὑδρίας μετὰ στενοῦ λαιμοῦ (στενόστομον τὸ τεῦχος Αἰσχύλ. Ἀπόσπ. 107, πρβλ. ἴσθμιον ΙΙΙ), Ἡρόδ. 4. 163, Ἀριστοφ. Νεφ. 1203, κτλ.· ἐν χρήσει διὰ διαφόρους σκοπούς, ἰδίως δὲ πρὸς ἐναπόθεσιν οἴνου καὶ γάλακτος, Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 808· ἢ ὕδατος, Εὐρ. Κύκλ. 327, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀποσπ. 285· πρὸς ἐναπόθεσιν στέατος ἢ τεταριχευμένων ἰχθύων, Ξεν. Ἀν. 5. 4, 28· ὡσαύτως κάλπη πρὸς ἐναπόθεσιν τῆς τέφρας τοῦ νεκροῦ, Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 303. ΙΙ. μέτρον ὑγρῶν = τῷ μετρητὴς (Φιλύλλ. ἐν «Δωδεκάτῃ» 1, Μοῖρ., κτλ.), ἰσούμενον 1 ½ Ρωμαϊκ. amphorae ἢ σχεδὸν 9 γαλλώνια, Ἡρόδ. 1. 51., Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 355. 48 καὶ 53. Δημ., κτλ. (συντετμ. τύπος τοῦ ἀμφιφορεύς, ἐκ τοῦ ὅτι εἶχε δύο λαβάς).

French (Bailly abrégé)

έως (ὁ) :
1 amphore;
2 mesure de 6 conges (env. 20 l.) pour liquides.
Étymologie: p. ἀμφιφορεύς.

English (Slater)

ἀμφορεύς amphora ἀσκὸς δ' οὔτε τις ἀμφορεὺς ἐλίνυεν δόμοις *fr. 104b. 4.*

Spanish (DGE)

-έως, ὁ
• Morfología: [du. ἀμφορῆ Telecl.21A; plu. ἀμφορῆς Ar.Nu.1203]
1 ánfora Pi.Fr.104b.4, Hdt.4.163, Th.4.115, Ar.l.c., Arist.Pr.938^a9, Artem.1.74
•usado para líquidos: vino, Ar.Pl.807, Fr.299, Alciphr.2.11, Milet 1(3).31 a 8 (IV a.C.)
•leche, E.Cyc.327, Arist.HA 522^a30
•grano, Plu.2.697b
•conserva, X.An.5.4.28
•aceite, como premio en las Panateneas SEG 13.13.41-60 (Atenas V a.C.)
•de pequeño tamaño como adorno ὅρμος ἀμφορέων IG 11(2).161 B.38 (Delos III a.C.).
2 medida de capacidad = 1 metreta = 39,395 l., Hdt.1.51, IG 2².1100.47, D.43.8.
3 Ἀμφορεύς sobrenombre del rodio Xenágoras a causa de su gula, Ael.VH 12.26, cf. ἀμφορά. • DMic.: a-po-re-we.
• Etimología: Cf. ἀμφιφορεύς.

Greek Monolingual

ἀμφορεύς (-έως), ο (Α)
βλ. αμφορέας.

Greek Monotonic

ἀμφορεύς: -έως, ὁ, αιτ. ἀμφορέα· πληθ. ἀμφορῆς· συγκεκ. αντί ἀμφιφορεύς,
I. αμφορέας, δοχείο, υδρία, σε Ηρόδ. κ.λπ.
II. μετρητής υγρών = μετρητής = 1,5 του αμφορέα ή περίπου 9 γαλόνια, στον ίδ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἀμφορεύς: έως ὁ амфорей или амфора
1) большой сосуд с двумя ручками Her., Soph., Arph., Thuc., Xen., Plut.;
2) тж. μετρητής, мера жидкостей и сыпучих тел = ок. 40 литров Her., Dem.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: jar with two handles, also as measure (Ar., Hdt.)
Other forms: ἀμφιφορεύς (Il.)
Dialectal forms: Myc. apiporewe KN /amphiphorewes/, aporewe du. /amphorewe/
Derivatives: Unclear ἀμφορείῳ φορτίῳ H.
Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]
Etymology: From ἀμφι-φορεύς, i.e. born on two sides, but with -ευς of the nom. instr. - Loan Lat. amphora, dim. ampulla.

Middle Liddell

[shortened for ἀμφιφορεύς,]
I. an amphora, jar, urn, Hdt., etc.
II. a liquid measure, = μετρητής = 1 ½ amphorae, or nearly 9 gallons, Hdt.

Frisk Etymology German

ἀμφορεύς: (ion. att.),
{amphoreús}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: zweihenkeliger konischer Krug, auch als Maß für Flüssigkeiten gebraucht.
Derivative: Ableitungen: ἀμφορίδιον (oder -είδιον, s. Schwyzer 471 A. 4 m. Lit.) (Ar.), ἀμφορίσκος m. (D., Inschr.); ἀμφόριον (Gloss.); unklar ἀμφορείῳ· φορτίῳ H. — ἀμφορίτης als Adj. (ἀγών ‘Wettkampf mit einem ἀ. als Preis', Kall. Fr. 80), als Subst. unsicherer Bed. PSI 5, 535, 31, s. Redard Les noms grecs en -της 106f.; ἀμφορικός (Schol.); ἀμφορίξ Adv. (Eust.), daraus ein Verb ἀμφορίζω irrig erschlossen (Eust.).
Etymology: durch Haplologie aus ἀμφιφορεύς (ep.) entstanden, Eigentlich = "Zweiträger", d. h. ein Krug, der beiderseits getragen wird, aber als Nom. instr. gebildet. Nicht mit Schwyzer 477 ein Bahuvrihi, aus *ἀμφίφορος "was beiderseits einen Träger hat" erweitert. — Daraus entlehnt lat. amphora mit Dem. ampulla.
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Wikipedia EN

An amphora (/ˈæmfərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀμφορεύς, amphoreús; English plural: amphorae or amphoras) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land or sea. The size and shape have been determined from at least as early as the Neolithic Period. Amphorae were used in vast numbers for the transport and storage of various products, both liquid and dry, but mostly for wine. They are most often ceramic, but examples in metals and other materials have been found. Versions of the amphorae were one of many shapes used in Ancient Greek vase painting.

The amphora complements a vase, the pithos, which makes available capacities between one-half and two and one-half tons. In contrast, the amphora holds under a half-ton, typically less than 50 kilograms (110 lb). The bodies of the two types have similar shapes. Where the pithos may have multiple small loops or lugs for fastening a rope harness, the amphora has two expansive handles joining the shoulder of the body and a long neck. The necks of pithoi are wide for scooping or bucket access. The necks of amphorae are narrow for pouring by a person holding it by the bottom and a handle. Some variants exist. The handles might not be present. The size may require two or three handlers to lift. For the most part, however, an amphora was tableware, or sat close to the table, was intended to be seen, and was finely decorated as such by master painters.

Stoppers of perishable materials, which have rarely survived, were used to seal the contents. Two principal types of amphorae existed: the neck amphora, in which the neck and body meet at a sharp angle; and the one-piece amphora, in which the neck and body form a continuous curve upwards. Neck amphorae were commonly used in the early history of ancient Greece, but were gradually replaced by the one-piece type from around the 7th century BC onward.

Most were produced with a pointed base to allow upright storage by embedding in soft ground, such as sand. The base facilitated transport by ship, where the amphorae were packed upright or on their sides in as many as five staggered layers. If upright, the bases probably were held by some sort of rack, and ropes passed through their handles to prevent shifting or toppling during rough seas. Heather and reeds might be used as packing around the vases. Racks could be used in kitchens and shops. The base also concentrated deposits from liquids with suspended solid particles, such as olive oil and wines.

Amphorae are of great use to maritime archaeologists, as they often indicate the age of a shipwreck and the geographic origin of the cargo. They are occasionally so well preserved that the original content is still present, providing information on foodstuffs and mercantile systems. Amphorae were too cheap and plentiful to return to their origin-point and so, when empty, they were broken up at their destination. At a breakage site in Rome, Testaccio, close to the Tiber, the fragments, later wetted with calcium hydroxide (calce viva), remained to create a hill now named Monte Testaccio, 45 m (148 ft) high and more than 1 kilometre in circumference.

Translations

af: amfoor; ar: أمفورة; ast: ánfora; az: amfora; be_x_old: амфара; be: амфара; bg: амфора; br: añforenn; ca: àmfora; cs: amfora; cv: амфора; da: amfora; de: Amphore; el: αμφορέας; en: amphora; eo: amforo; es: ánfora; et: amfora; eu: anfora; fa: آمفورا; fi: amfora; fr: amphore; he: אמפורה; hr: amfora; hu: amfóra; hy: ամֆորա; id: amphora; io: amforo; is: amfóra; it: anfora; ja: アンフォラ; kk: амфора; kn: ಆಂಫೋರ; ko: 암포라; la: amphora; lb: amphor; lt: amfora; lv: amfora; mk: амфора; nl: amfora; no: amfora;: amfora; pt: ânfora; ro: amforă; ru: амфора; scn: bùmmulu; sco: amphora; sh: amfora; simple: amphora; sk: amfora; sl: amfora; sq: amfora; sr: амфора; sv: amfora; ta: அம்ப்போரா மதுச்சாடி; tr: amfora; uk: амфора; uz: amfora; zh: 双耳瓶