ἀθήρ: Difference between revisions
δρυὸς πεσούσης πᾶς ἀνὴρ ξυλεύεται → when the oak falls, everyone cuts wood | when an oak has fallen, every man gathers wood | on the fall of an oak, every man gathers wood | when an oak has fallen, every man becomes a woodcutter | one takes advantage of somebody who has lost his strength | one takes advantage of somebody who has lost his power | when the tree is fallen, every man goes to it with his hatchet
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|Definition=έρος, ὁ, < | |Definition=έρος, ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[awn]], πυραμίνους ἀ. Hes.''Fr.''117; <b class="b3">εἴσδυσις οὐδ' ἀθέρι</b> prob. l. in ''Lyr.Adesp.''2 B, cf. X. ''Oec.''18.1, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''595b27:—in pl., [[chaff]], Luc.''Anach.''31; χωρὶς δείσης καὶ ἀθέρος ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''988 (iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[barb]] of a weapon, A.''Fr.''154, Hp.''Epid.''5.49, Plu.''Cat.Mi.''70.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[spine]] or [[prickle]] of a fish, prob. in Ath.7.303d. | ||
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{{DGE | |||
|dgtxt=-έρος, ὁ<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ-]<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[arista del trigo, la cebada, etc.]] πυραμίνων ἀ. Hes.<i>Fr</i>.62, cf. X.<i>Oec</i>.18.1, Arist.<i>HA</i> 595<sup>b</sup>27, Thphr.<i>CP</i> 4.7.4, Nic.<i>Th</i>.803, <i>AP</i> 11.91 (Lucill.), Ael.<i>NA</i> 8.9, Sch.Theoc.1.52a, <i>Gloss</i>.2.25.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[cascabillo]] Hp.<i>Morb</i>.3.17, <i>SB</i> 16172.10 (III d.C.), plu., Luc.<i>Anach</i>.31.<br /><b class="num">II</b> fig.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[lengüeta]], [[punta de flecha o espada]], A.<i>Fr</i>.154, Hp.<i>Epid</i>.5.49, Philonid.12, Plu.<i>Cat.Mi</i>.70.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[lengua]] de fuego πυρὸς δ' [[ἀθήρ]] E.<i>Fr</i>.665a.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[aleta]] de pescado, Ath.303d.<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[aguja]] [[εἴσδυσις]] οὐδ' ἀθέρι <i>SHell</i>.253.1.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Parece indudable la relación de ἀ., ἀθερίνη, [[ἀθερώδης]], etc. c. el grupo que presenta ἀνθ- como [[ἀνθέριξ]], [[ἀνθέρικος]], etc. La alternancia ἀθ-/ἀνθ- es oscura: postular *<i>andher</i>/<i>n̥dher</i> es posible, así como suponer influencia analógica de [[ἄνθος]]. Quizá se trate de palabras de sustrato pregriego. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0046.png Seite 46]] έρος, ὁ, die Hachel an der Aehre (Schol. ad Luc. Anach. 25 τὰ τοῦ ἀστάχυος κέντρα), die Aehre selbst, Hes. frg. 2, 2; Nic. Th. 802; bei Aesch. frg. 138 Lanzenspitze; bei Plut. Cat. min. 70 die Schneide des Dolches. | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0046.png Seite 46]] έρος, ὁ, die Hachel an der Aehre (Schol. ad Luc. Anach. 25 τὰ τοῦ ἀστάχυος κέντρα), die Aehre selbst, Hes. frg. 2, 2; Nic. Th. 802; bei Aesch. frg. 138 Lanzenspitze; bei Plut. Cat. min. 70 die Schneide des Dolches. Übertr. οὐ γὰρ [[καλάμη]] καὶ ἀθέρες [[ὑμεῖς]] ἐστε Luc. Anach. 31, Spreu. | ||
}} | |||
{{bailly | |||
|btext=έρος (ὁ) :<br />barbe d'épi ; <i>p. anal.</i> [[pointe de lance]], [[de javelot]], [[d'épée]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' cf. [[ἄνθος]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{elru | |||
|elrutext='''ἀθήρ:''' έρος (ᾰ) ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[ость]] (колоса) Hes., Arst.;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[мякина]], [[полова]] ([[καλάμη]] καὶ ἀθέρες Luc.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[острие]], [[наконечник]] (оружия) Aesch., Plut. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ls | {{ls | ||
|lstext='''ἀθήρ''': έρος, ὁ ἀθέρας, [[ἤτοι]] ἡ ἀκὶς τοῦ στάχυος τοῦ σίτου ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ [[στάχυς]], Λατ. spica, Ἡσ. Ἀποσπ. 2. 2. Ἀριστ. Ἱ. Ζ. 8. 8, 1., [[λέπυρον]], [[ἄχυρον]], Λουκ. Ἀναχ. 31. ΙΙ. αἰχμὴ ὅπλου, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 153. Ἱππ. 496. 54., 1153Η, Πλουτ. Κάτ. Νεώτ. 70· (περὶ τῆς ῥίζης ἴδε ἐν λέξ. [[ἄνθος]]). | |lstext='''ἀθήρ''': έρος, ὁ ἀθέρας, [[ἤτοι]] ἡ ἀκὶς τοῦ στάχυος τοῦ σίτου ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ [[στάχυς]], Λατ. spica, Ἡσ. Ἀποσπ. 2. 2. Ἀριστ. Ἱ. Ζ. 8. 8, 1., [[λέπυρον]], [[ἄχυρον]], Λουκ. Ἀναχ. 31. ΙΙ. αἰχμὴ ὅπλου, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 153. Ἱππ. 496. 54., 1153Η, Πλουτ. Κάτ. Νεώτ. 70· (περὶ τῆς ῥίζης ἴδε ἐν λέξ. [[ἄνθος]]). | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{lsm | ||
| | |lsmtext='''ἀθήρ:''' -[[έρος]], ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> [[αθέρας]], [[στάχυ]] σιταριού, σε Ησίοδ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[φλούδα]] σιταριού, [[άχυρο]], σε Λουκ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[αιχμή]] όπλου, σε Αισχύλ. κ.λπ. | ||
}} | |||
{{etym | |||
|etymtx=-έρος<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[awn]], [[pl. chaff]], [[barb of a weapon, spine or prickle of a fish]], also [[the edge of a weapon]] (Hes.),<br />Other forms: With a nasal: [[ἀνθέριξ]], <b class="b3">-ικος</b> m. = [[ἀθήρ]], [[ear]] (Il.), [[ἀνθέρικος]] m. [[stalk of asphodel]], [[asphodel-plant]] (Hp.). With <b class="b3">-εών</b>: [[ἀνθερεών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[chin]] (Il.)?. From <b class="b3">*ἀνθερο-</b> (Bechtel Lex. s. [[ἀνθερεών]], Krogmann Glotta 23, 220ff.) as [[hervorragend]].<br />Compounds: [[ἀθηρηλοιγός]] [[winnowing-fan]] (from [[consumer of chaff]]); Od. λ 128 = δ 275); the η's surprise.<br />Derivatives: [[ἀθερίνη]] f., <b class="b3">-ῖνος</b> m. [[kind of smelt]], [[Atherina hepsetus]] (Arist.), cf. Chantr. Form. 204, Thompson Fishes s. v.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] [41]<br />Etymology: No etym. IE ablaut <b class="b2">*andh-</b>: <b class="b2">*n̥dh-</b> is impossible as the (correct) forms <b class="b2">*h₂(e)ndh-</b> would both give Gr. <b class="b3">ἀνθ-</b>. The nasalized forms could be due to folk-etym., but rather point to Pre-Greek prenasalization. Fur. 296 further adduces [[ἀνθερίσκος]] = <b class="b3">ἀνθερικ-</b> with [[σκ]]/[[κ]]; perhaps also [[ἄνθρυσκον]] / <b class="b3">ἐ-</b>, [[quod vide|q.v.]] Not to Lat. [[ador]] because of the meaning and because this belongs to Iran. [[adu]], Goth. [[atisk]], Szemerényi Studi Pisani 2, 958f. (The word has nothing to do with [[ἀνθρήνη]], [[ἀνθρηδών]], [[ἄνθρωπος]].) | |||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=<b class="num">I.</b> an ear of [[corn]], Hes.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> husks, [[chaff]], Luc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[point]] of a [[weapon]], Aesch., etc. | |||
}} | |||
{{FriskDe | |||
|ftr='''ἀθήρ''': -έρος<br />{athḗr}<br />'''Forms''': [[ἀθηρηλοιγός]] [[Worfschaufel]] (eig. "Achelverderber"?; Od.).<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Granne an der Ähre]], [[Achel]], [[Spreu]], auch [[Schneide]], [[Spitze einer Waffe]] (seit Hes.),<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: ἀθερίνη f., -ῖνος m. [[Art Stint]], [[Atherina hepsetus]] (Arist. usw.), vgl. Chantraine Formation 204, Thompson Fishes s. v.; ἀθερηΐς, -ίδος f. [[stachelig]] (Nik.), [[ἀθερώδης]] (Thphr.). — Neben [[ἀθήρ]] stehen einige Wörter mit Nasal in ähnlichen Bedeutungen: [[ἀνθέριξ]], -ικος m. = [[ἀθήρ]], auch [[Ähre]], [[Halm]] (Il. usw.), [[ἀνθέρικος]] m. ‘Stengel des Asphodelos, Asphodelos-Pflanze’ (alte Kom., Thphr. usw.), davon [[ἀνθερικώδης]] (Thphr.). Mit dem ortsbezeichnenden Suffix -εών: [[ἀνθερεών]], -ῶνος m. [[Kinn]] (Il. usw.). Hinter [[ἀνθέριξ]] und [[ἀνθερεών]] liegt vielleicht ein Nomen ἀνθερο- (Bechtel Lex. s. [[ἀνθερεών]], Krogmann Glotta 23, 220ff., der als Bedeutung [[hervorragend]] ansetzt und auch [[ἄνθος]] anschließt, idg. ''andh''- [[hervorragen]]; unbeweislich). — In Betracht kommen ferner ein paar Namen der Wespe oder Waldbiene: [[ἀνθρήνη]], [[ἀνθρηδών]], s. d. — Vgl. noch [[ἄνθρυσκον]] und [[ἄνθρωπος]].<br />'''Etymology''': Etymologie unbekannt. Ob die nasalierten Formen durch volksetymologische Anknüpfung an [[ἄνθος]] zu erklären sind, bleibt unsicher; noch zweifelhafter ein idg. Ablautwechsel ''andh''-: ''n̥dh''- (> gr. ἀθ-). Frühere Erklärungsversuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 45; vgl. auch W.-Hofmann s. ''ador'', das schwerlich mit [[ἀθήρ]] verwandt ist.<br />'''Page''' 1,28 | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 11:40, 3 March 2024
English (LSJ)
έρος, ὁ,
A awn, πυραμίνους ἀ. Hes.Fr.117; εἴσδυσις οὐδ' ἀθέρι prob. l. in Lyr.Adesp.2 B, cf. X. Oec.18.1, Arist.HA595b27:—in pl., chaff, Luc.Anach.31; χωρὶς δείσης καὶ ἀθέρος POxy.988 (iii A.D.).
II barb of a weapon, A.Fr.154, Hp.Epid.5.49, Plu.Cat.Mi.70.
III spine or prickle of a fish, prob. in Ath.7.303d.
Spanish (DGE)
-έρος, ὁ
• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]
I 1arista del trigo, la cebada, etc. πυραμίνων ἀ. Hes.Fr.62, cf. X.Oec.18.1, Arist.HA 595b27, Thphr.CP 4.7.4, Nic.Th.803, AP 11.91 (Lucill.), Ael.NA 8.9, Sch.Theoc.1.52a, Gloss.2.25.
2 cascabillo Hp.Morb.3.17, SB 16172.10 (III d.C.), plu., Luc.Anach.31.
II fig.
1 lengüeta, punta de flecha o espada, A.Fr.154, Hp.Epid.5.49, Philonid.12, Plu.Cat.Mi.70.
2 lengua de fuego πυρὸς δ' ἀθήρ E.Fr.665a.
3 aleta de pescado, Ath.303d.
4 aguja εἴσδυσις οὐδ' ἀθέρι SHell.253.1.
• Etimología: Parece indudable la relación de ἀ., ἀθερίνη, ἀθερώδης, etc. c. el grupo que presenta ἀνθ- como ἀνθέριξ, ἀνθέρικος, etc. La alternancia ἀθ-/ἀνθ- es oscura: postular *andher/n̥dher es posible, así como suponer influencia analógica de ἄνθος. Quizá se trate de palabras de sustrato pregriego.
German (Pape)
[Seite 46] έρος, ὁ, die Hachel an der Aehre (Schol. ad Luc. Anach. 25 τὰ τοῦ ἀστάχυος κέντρα), die Aehre selbst, Hes. frg. 2, 2; Nic. Th. 802; bei Aesch. frg. 138 Lanzenspitze; bei Plut. Cat. min. 70 die Schneide des Dolches. Übertr. οὐ γὰρ καλάμη καὶ ἀθέρες ὑμεῖς ἐστε Luc. Anach. 31, Spreu.
French (Bailly abrégé)
έρος (ὁ) :
barbe d'épi ; p. anal. pointe de lance, de javelot, d'épée.
Étymologie: cf. ἄνθος.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀθήρ: έρος (ᾰ) ὁ
1 ость (колоса) Hes., Arst.;
2 мякина, полова (καλάμη καὶ ἀθέρες Luc.);
3 острие, наконечник (оружия) Aesch., Plut.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἀθήρ: έρος, ὁ ἀθέρας, ἤτοι ἡ ἀκὶς τοῦ στάχυος τοῦ σίτου ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ στάχυς, Λατ. spica, Ἡσ. Ἀποσπ. 2. 2. Ἀριστ. Ἱ. Ζ. 8. 8, 1., λέπυρον, ἄχυρον, Λουκ. Ἀναχ. 31. ΙΙ. αἰχμὴ ὅπλου, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 153. Ἱππ. 496. 54., 1153Η, Πλουτ. Κάτ. Νεώτ. 70· (περὶ τῆς ῥίζης ἴδε ἐν λέξ. ἄνθος).
Greek Monotonic
ἀθήρ: -έρος, ὁ,
I. 1. αθέρας, στάχυ σιταριού, σε Ησίοδ.
2. φλούδα σιταριού, άχυρο, σε Λουκ.
II. αιχμή όπλου, σε Αισχύλ. κ.λπ.
Frisk Etymological English
-έρος
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: awn, pl. chaff, barb of a weapon, spine or prickle of a fish, also the edge of a weapon (Hes.),
Other forms: With a nasal: ἀνθέριξ, -ικος m. = ἀθήρ, ear (Il.), ἀνθέρικος m. stalk of asphodel, asphodel-plant (Hp.). With -εών: ἀνθερεών, -ῶνος m. chin (Il.)?. From *ἀνθερο- (Bechtel Lex. s. ἀνθερεών, Krogmann Glotta 23, 220ff.) as hervorragend.
Compounds: ἀθηρηλοιγός winnowing-fan (from consumer of chaff); Od. λ 128 = δ 275); the η's surprise.
Derivatives: ἀθερίνη f., -ῖνος m. kind of smelt, Atherina hepsetus (Arist.), cf. Chantr. Form. 204, Thompson Fishes s. v.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] [41]
Etymology: No etym. IE ablaut *andh-: *n̥dh- is impossible as the (correct) forms *h₂(e)ndh- would both give Gr. ἀνθ-. The nasalized forms could be due to folk-etym., but rather point to Pre-Greek prenasalization. Fur. 296 further adduces ἀνθερίσκος = ἀνθερικ- with σκ/κ; perhaps also ἄνθρυσκον / ἐ-, q.v. Not to Lat. ador because of the meaning and because this belongs to Iran. adu, Goth. atisk, Szemerényi Studi Pisani 2, 958f. (The word has nothing to do with ἀνθρήνη, ἀνθρηδών, ἄνθρωπος.)
Middle Liddell
I. an ear of corn, Hes.
2. husks, chaff, Luc.
II. the point of a weapon, Aesch., etc.
Frisk Etymology German
ἀθήρ: -έρος
{athḗr}
Forms: ἀθηρηλοιγός Worfschaufel (eig. "Achelverderber"?; Od.).
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Granne an der Ähre, Achel, Spreu, auch Schneide, Spitze einer Waffe (seit Hes.),
Derivative: Ableitungen: ἀθερίνη f., -ῖνος m. Art Stint, Atherina hepsetus (Arist. usw.), vgl. Chantraine Formation 204, Thompson Fishes s. v.; ἀθερηΐς, -ίδος f. stachelig (Nik.), ἀθερώδης (Thphr.). — Neben ἀθήρ stehen einige Wörter mit Nasal in ähnlichen Bedeutungen: ἀνθέριξ, -ικος m. = ἀθήρ, auch Ähre, Halm (Il. usw.), ἀνθέρικος m. ‘Stengel des Asphodelos, Asphodelos-Pflanze’ (alte Kom., Thphr. usw.), davon ἀνθερικώδης (Thphr.). Mit dem ortsbezeichnenden Suffix -εών: ἀνθερεών, -ῶνος m. Kinn (Il. usw.). Hinter ἀνθέριξ und ἀνθερεών liegt vielleicht ein Nomen ἀνθερο- (Bechtel Lex. s. ἀνθερεών, Krogmann Glotta 23, 220ff., der als Bedeutung hervorragend ansetzt und auch ἄνθος anschließt, idg. andh- hervorragen; unbeweislich). — In Betracht kommen ferner ein paar Namen der Wespe oder Waldbiene: ἀνθρήνη, ἀνθρηδών, s. d. — Vgl. noch ἄνθρυσκον und ἄνθρωπος.
Etymology: Etymologie unbekannt. Ob die nasalierten Formen durch volksetymologische Anknüpfung an ἄνθος zu erklären sind, bleibt unsicher; noch zweifelhafter ein idg. Ablautwechsel andh-: n̥dh- (> gr. ἀθ-). Frühere Erklärungsversuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 45; vgl. auch W.-Hofmann s. ador, das schwerlich mit ἀθήρ verwandt ist.
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