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Ἐλευθέρου γάρ ἐστι τἀληθῆ λέγειν → Perhibere vera semper ingenuum decet → Die Wahrheit sagen ist des freien Mannes Art

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|Definition=Ep. ῥά (which is enclitic and used after monosyllables, <b class="b3">ἦ, ὅς, γάρ</b>, etc., or words ending in a vowel or diphthong, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b>), before a consonant ἄρ (perh. cf. Lith. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">i[rtilde]</b> 'and'): expressing consequence, <b class="b2">then</b>, or mere succession, <b class="b2">there and then</b>, and in many derived uses. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> EARLIER USAGE: to denote, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> immediate transition, <b class="b2">there and then, straightway</b>, ὣς φάτο βῆ δ' ἄρ' Ὄνειρος <span class="bibl">Il.2.16</span>: after a part., ὣς εἰπὼν κατ' ἄρ' ἕζετο <span class="bibl">1.68</span>, al.; πυθόμενος . . εἶπε ἄ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.9</span>; ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρὸς ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.2</span>; with other Particles, <b class="b3">δέ, ἦ, ὡς</b>, etc., cf. <b class="b3">ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἄ. εἶπεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.10</span>: also after Advbs. of Time, <b class="b3">τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος ἄρα</b>, etc.; οὕτως ἄρα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>259b</span>; often in apodosi, as αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ θηήσατο . . αὐτίκ' ἄρ' ἤλυθεν <span class="bibl">Od.5.77</span>; repeated τὼ μὲν ἄρ' . . κεῖντο ἡ δ' ἄρ' . . ἀγόρευε <span class="bibl">Il.21.426</span>: in enumerations, e. g. in Homer's catalogue, <b class="b2">then, next</b>, οἱ δ' ἄρ' Ἀθήνας εἶχον <span class="bibl">2.546</span>; so in genealogies, Σίσυφος . . ὁ δ' ἄ. Γλαῦκον τέκεθ' υἱόν <span class="bibl">6.154</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> to draw attention, <b class="b2">mark you!</b> τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον . . τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχιλεὺς δ' ἄρ' ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος <span class="bibl">24.456</span>; with imper., ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ κατ' ἄρ' ἕζευ <span class="bibl">24.522</span>: to point a moral or general statement, φευγόντων δ' οὔτ' ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή <span class="bibl">5.532</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> connexion, such as, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> that of <b class="b2">antecedent</b> and <b class="b2">consequent</b>, οἰνοχόει . . ἄσβεστος δ' ἄρ' ἐνῶρτο γέλως <span class="bibl">1.599</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.507</span>; τοὔνεκ' ἄρ' ἄλγε' ἔδωκε <span class="bibl">1.96</span>; freq. with <b class="b3">οὕνεκα</b> in protasi, <span class="bibl">7.140</span>, al.: also in questions, <b class="b3">τίς τ' ἄρ τῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην;</b> who <b class="b2">then</b> (say you) was . . ? <span class="bibl">2.761</span>: with demonstr. Pronoun in recapitulation, <b class="b3">ἀλλ' υἱὸν Πριάμοιο . . τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε</b> <b class="b2">he it was, whom</b>... <span class="bibl">4.501</span>: freq. in such phrases as ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας <span class="bibl">2.35</span>, al.; ὣς ἄρ' ἔφη <span class="bibl">1.584</span>, al.; ἦ ῥα <span class="bibl">3.355</span>, al., thus, <b class="b2">then</b> he spoke.—This usage is universal in Greek. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> explanation of that which precedes, <b class="b3">χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς τήν ῥα . . ἀπηύρων</b> whom (<b class="b2">and for this cause</b> he was angry) they had taken away, <span class="bibl">1.429</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε . . φῆ ῥ' ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν</b> <b class="b2">for</b> he said, <span class="bibl">Od.4.504</span>: freq. with <b class="b3">οὕνεκα</b>; so with relatives, <b class="b3">ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος ὃν ἄρ' ἤθελον αὐτοί</b> the <b class="b2">very</b> one which... <span class="bibl">Il.7.182</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> LATER USAGE, always with inferential force: 1. in drawing conclusions (more subjective than <b class="b3">οὖν</b>), ἄριστον ἄ. ἡ εὐδαιμονία <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1099a24</span>; δῆλον ἄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1295b33</span>; in pseudo-syllogistic conclusions, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">SE</span>174b11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1401a3</span>, al.: esp. by way of informal inference, <b class="b2">as it seems</b>, οὐκ ἄ. σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς <span class="bibl">Il.16.33</span>; οὐδ' ἄ. πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">23.670</span>; μάτην ἄρ', ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>772</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω κοινόν τι ἄ. χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυά ἐστιν</b> <b class="b2">so true is it that</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.32</span>; πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνων ἄ. ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358c</span>; ἦν ἄ. πυρός γ' ἕτερα . . θερμότερα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 382</span>; ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρ' ἦσθα <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>374; so in announcing the discovery or correction of an error, as <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐννενοήκαμεν ὅτι εἰσὶν ἄ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375d</span>; <b class="b3">φαίνεται πρὸ ποδῶν ἡμῖν κυλινδεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἑωρῶμεν ἄρ' αὐτό</b> ib.<span class="bibl">432d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰκότως ἄ. οὐκ ἐγίγνετο· ὡς γὰρ ἐγὼ νῦν πυνθάνομαι</b>. . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in questions, expressing the anxiety of the questioner, <b class="b3">τίς ἄ. ῥύσεται;</b> <b class="b2">who is there</b> to save ? <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>92</span>; so in exclamations to heighten the expression of emotion, <b class="b3">οἵαν ἄρ' ἥβην . . ἀπώλεσεν</b> <b class="b2">what</b> a band of youth was that . . ! <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>733</span>; so <b class="b3">ὡς ἄρα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">472</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>577</span>; τί μ' ἄ. τί μ' ὀλέκεις; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1285</span>; τί οὖν . . ἄ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>6.2</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς ἄ.; οὕτως ἄ</b>., etc.; <b class="b3">ἄ</b>. alone, ἔζης ἄ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>686</span>: esp. in ironical comments, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>476</span>, <span class="bibl">1371</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> epexegetic, <b class="b2">namely</b>, <b class="b3">ἐρῶ, ὡς ἄ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>152d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">156e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> for <b class="b3">τοι ἄρα, τἄρα</b>, v. sub τοι <span class="bibl">11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">εἰ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἐάν</b>) <b class="b3"> μὴ ἄ</b>. unless <b class="b2">perhaps</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.58.4</span>; separated from <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.20</span>; with irony, εἰ μὴ ἄ. ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> in hypothetical clauses, to indicate the improbability of the supposition, ἢν ἄ. ποτὲ κατὰ γῆν βιασθῶσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.93</span>, etc.; or simply, <b class="b2">perhaps</b> (sts. separated from <b class="b3">εἰ</b>), εἴ τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἄ. . . ὑπελάμβανεν <span class="bibl">D.21.8</span>; εἴ τις ἰδίᾳ τινὰ δεδιὼς ἄ. ἀπρόθυμός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Th.4.86</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> IN CRASIS, freq. <b class="b3">τἄρα, μεντἄρα, οὐτἄρα</b>: also <b class="b3">δήξομἄρα</b> for <b class="b3">δήξομαι ἄ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>325</span>; <b class="b3">οἰμώξετἄρα, κλαύσἄρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>248</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 532</span>: also in Trag., E.<span class="title">Hyps.Fr.</span>34.86. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">D</span> <b class="b3">ἄρα</b> never stands first in the sentence in Classical Greek (<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>851a22</span> is corrupt), but is found at the beginning of an apodosis in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>12.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>10.17</span>, and first in a sentence, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>11.48</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.305.20</span>; in conclusion of syllogism, Herm. ap.Stob.3.11.31.</span>
|Definition=Ep. ῥά (which is enclitic and used after monosyllables, <b class="b3">ἦ, ὅς, γάρ</b>, etc., or words ending in a vowel or diphthong, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b>), before a consonant ἄρ (perh. cf. Lith. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">i[rtilde]</b> 'and'): expressing consequence, <b class="b2">then</b>, or mere succession, <b class="b2">there and then</b>, and in many derived uses. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> EARLIER USAGE: to denote, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> immediate transition, <b class="b2">there and then, straightway</b>, ὣς φάτο βῆ δ' ἄρ' Ὄνειρος <span class="bibl">Il.2.16</span>: after a part., ὣς εἰπὼν κατ' ἄρ' ἕζετο <span class="bibl">1.68</span>, al.; πυθόμενος . . εἶπε ἄ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.9</span>; ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρὸς ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.2</span>; with other Particles, <b class="b3">δέ, ἦ, ὡς</b>, etc., cf. <b class="b3">ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἄ. εἶπεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.10</span>: also after Advbs. of Time, <b class="b3">τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος ἄρα</b>, etc.; οὕτως ἄρα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>259b</span>; often in apodosi, as αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ θηήσατο . . αὐτίκ' ἄρ' ἤλυθεν <span class="bibl">Od.5.77</span>; repeated τὼ μὲν ἄρ' . . κεῖντο ἡ δ' ἄρ' . . ἀγόρευε <span class="bibl">Il.21.426</span>: in enumerations, e. g. in Homer's catalogue, <b class="b2">then, next</b>, οἱ δ' ἄρ' Ἀθήνας εἶχον <span class="bibl">2.546</span>; so in genealogies, Σίσυφος . . ὁ δ' ἄ. Γλαῦκον τέκεθ' υἱόν <span class="bibl">6.154</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> to draw attention, <b class="b2">mark you!</b> τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον . . τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχιλεὺς δ' ἄρ' ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος <span class="bibl">24.456</span>; with imper., ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ κατ' ἄρ' ἕζευ <span class="bibl">24.522</span>: to point a moral or general statement, φευγόντων δ' οὔτ' ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή <span class="bibl">5.532</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> connexion, such as, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> that of <b class="b2">antecedent</b> and <b class="b2">consequent</b>, οἰνοχόει . . ἄσβεστος δ' ἄρ' ἐνῶρτο γέλως <span class="bibl">1.599</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.507</span>; τοὔνεκ' ἄρ' ἄλγε' ἔδωκε <span class="bibl">1.96</span>; freq. with <b class="b3">οὕνεκα</b> in protasi, <span class="bibl">7.140</span>, al.: also in questions, <b class="b3">τίς τ' ἄρ τῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην;</b> who <b class="b2">then</b> (say you) was . . ? <span class="bibl">2.761</span>: with demonstr. Pronoun in recapitulation, <b class="b3">ἀλλ' υἱὸν Πριάμοιο . . τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε</b> <b class="b2">he it was, whom</b>... <span class="bibl">4.501</span>: freq. in such phrases as ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας <span class="bibl">2.35</span>, al.; ὣς ἄρ' ἔφη <span class="bibl">1.584</span>, al.; ἦ ῥα <span class="bibl">3.355</span>, al., thus, <b class="b2">then</b> he spoke.—This usage is universal in Greek. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> explanation of that which precedes, <b class="b3">χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς τήν ῥα . . ἀπηύρων</b> whom (<b class="b2">and for this cause</b> he was angry) they had taken away, <span class="bibl">1.429</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε . . φῆ ῥ' ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν</b> <b class="b2">for</b> he said, <span class="bibl">Od.4.504</span>: freq. with <b class="b3">οὕνεκα</b>; so with relatives, <b class="b3">ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος ὃν ἄρ' ἤθελον αὐτοί</b> the <b class="b2">very</b> one which... <span class="bibl">Il.7.182</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> LATER USAGE, always with inferential force: 1. in drawing conclusions (more subjective than <b class="b3">οὖν</b>), ἄριστον ἄ. ἡ εὐδαιμονία <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1099a24</span>; δῆλον ἄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1295b33</span>; in pseudo-syllogistic conclusions, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">SE</span>174b11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1401a3</span>, al.: esp. by way of informal inference, <b class="b2">as it seems</b>, οὐκ ἄ. σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς <span class="bibl">Il.16.33</span>; οὐδ' ἄ. πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">23.670</span>; μάτην ἄρ', ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>772</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω κοινόν τι ἄ. χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυά ἐστιν</b> <b class="b2">so true is it that</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.32</span>; πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνων ἄ. ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358c</span>; ἦν ἄ. πυρός γ' ἕτερα . . θερμότερα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 382</span>; ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρ' ἦσθα <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>374; so in announcing the discovery or correction of an error, as <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐννενοήκαμεν ὅτι εἰσὶν ἄ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375d</span>; <b class="b3">φαίνεται πρὸ ποδῶν ἡμῖν κυλινδεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἑωρῶμεν ἄρ' αὐτό</b> ib.<span class="bibl">432d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰκότως ἄ. οὐκ ἐγίγνετο· ὡς γὰρ ἐγὼ νῦν πυνθάνομαι</b>. . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in questions, expressing the anxiety of the questioner, <b class="b3">τίς ἄ. ῥύσεται;</b> <b class="b2">who is there</b> to save ? <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>92</span>; so in exclamations to heighten the expression of emotion, <b class="b3">οἵαν ἄρ' ἥβην . . ἀπώλεσεν</b> <b class="b2">what</b> a band of youth was that . . ! <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>733</span>; so <b class="b3">ὡς ἄρα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">472</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>577</span>; τί μ' ἄ. τί μ' ὀλέκεις; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1285</span>; τί οὖν . . ἄ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>6.2</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς ἄ.; οὕτως ἄ</b>., etc.; <b class="b3">ἄ</b>. alone, ἔζης ἄ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>686</span>: esp. in ironical comments, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>476</span>, <span class="bibl">1371</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> epexegetic, <b class="b2">namely</b>, <b class="b3">ἐρῶ, ὡς ἄ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>152d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">156e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> for <b class="b3">τοι ἄρα, τἄρα</b>, v. sub τοι <span class="bibl">11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">εἰ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἐάν</b>) <b class="b3"> μὴ ἄ</b>. unless <b class="b2">perhaps</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.58.4</span>; separated from <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.20</span>; with irony, εἰ μὴ ἄ. ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> in hypothetical clauses, to indicate the improbability of the supposition, ἢν ἄ. ποτὲ κατὰ γῆν βιασθῶσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.93</span>, etc.; or simply, <b class="b2">perhaps</b> (sts. separated from <b class="b3">εἰ</b>), εἴ τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἄ. . . ὑπελάμβανεν <span class="bibl">D.21.8</span>; εἴ τις ἰδίᾳ τινὰ δεδιὼς ἄ. ἀπρόθυμός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Th.4.86</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> IN CRASIS, freq. <b class="b3">τἄρα, μεντἄρα, οὐτἄρα</b>: also <b class="b3">δήξομἄρα</b> for <b class="b3">δήξομαι ἄ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>325</span>; <b class="b3">οἰμώξετἄρα, κλαύσἄρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>248</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 532</span>: also in Trag., E.<span class="title">Hyps.Fr.</span>34.86. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">D</span> <b class="b3">ἄρα</b> never stands first in the sentence in Classical Greek (<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>851a22</span> is corrupt), but is found at the beginning of an apodosis in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>12.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>10.17</span>, and first in a sentence, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>11.48</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.305.20</span>; in conclusion of syllogism, Herm. ap.Stob.3.11.31.</span>
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0342.png Seite 342]] ep. ἄρ u. enklit. ῥα, von ἄρω, also Verknüpfung zweier Begriffe. Am häufigsten bei den Epikern, 1) die Aufeinanderfolge der Begebenheiten andeutend,<b class="b2"> nun, da,</b> z. B. ἃς φάτο, βῆ δ' ἄρ' [[ὄνειρος]] Il. 2, 16; νὺξ δ' ἄρ' ἐπῆλθε κακὴ –, ὗε δ' ἄρα [[Ζεύς]] Od. 14, 457. So die häufigen Vrbdgn: ἃς ἄρα φωνήσας, ἡ μὲν ἄρ' ἃς εἰποῦσα, u. [[καί]] ῥα, οὐδ' ἄρα, u. mit Zeitpartikeln, [[ἐπεί]] ῥα, ὅτε ῥα, ὅτε δή ῥα, wobei es oft den Begriff der schnellen Folge ausdrückt, <b class="b2">sofort, sogleich</b>, vgl. [[αὐτάρ]], [[εἶθαρ]], [[ἄφαρ]]; ὁ δ' ἄρ' ὦκα παρέδραμεν Il. 10, 350. Auch beim Aufzählen einzelner Dinge, <b class="b2">nun, ferner</b>, Il. 2, 546. 615. – 2) Es verknüpft dah. bes. Correlativsätze, ἐκ δ' ἔθορε [[κλῆρος]] κυνέης, ὃν ἄρ' ἤθελον αὐτοί Il. 7, 182; [[ἦμος]] – [[τῆμος]] ἄρα 24, 789, u. so öfter εὖτ' ἄρα, ὅτ' ἄρα, ἃς ἄρα, gerade so, z. B. Od. 6, 235; Pind. Ol. 6, 52. Bes. bei Demonstrativen, wenn ein schon genannter Gegenstand wieder aufgenommen wird, ἀλλ' υἱὸν Πριάμοιο νόθον [[βάλε]] – τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς [[βάλε]] δουρί Il. 4, 501, diesen also, diesen nun; so oft ταῦτ' ἄρα, [[τοῖος]] ἄρα. – Von diesen beiden Arten des Gebrauchs ist in Prosa die Anknüpfung des Nachsatzes durch ἄρα geblieben, ἀκούσας, ἔλεγε ἄρα Her. 9, 9; ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρός, ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 2; An. 4, 6, 15 u. sonst, doch selten. – 3) Auch einen innern Zusammenhang bezeichnet es, nicht wie οὖν, <b class="b2">folglich</b>, streng folgernd u. schließend, sondern, was sich von selbst ergiebt, od. man vermuthen kann, nun, al so, anführend, τοὔνεκ' ἄρ' ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν Il. 1, 96, deswegen also; τὰ μὲν ἄρ που ἐπέκλωσαν θεοὶ αὐτοί Od. 11, 139; u. so oft bei Angabe eines Grundes, [[ἐπεί]] ῥα, ὅτι ῥα, weil ja, da ja, τὸ δὲ [[χρηστήριον]] τοῖσι ἐν Συρίῃ Ἀγβατάνοισι ἔλεγε ἄρα, wie nämlich aus dem Vorigen erhellt, Her. 3, 64. So auch bei Attikern sehr gew., [[μάτην]] ἄρ' ὡς ἔοικεν ἥκομεν Soph. El. 762; ὑφ' οὗ φονέως ἄρ' ἐξέπνευσας, durch den du also sterben mußtest, Ai. 1005; πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνωνἄρα ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου [[βίος]] Plat. Rep. II, 358 c; ἐγὼ δὲ οὐδὲν ἄρα τούτων ποιήσω Apol. 34 c. – 4) Dah. steht es oft in Fragesätzen, [[τίς]] τ' ἂρ τῶν ὄχ' [[ἄριστος]] ἔην; wer war denn nun von ihnen der beste? Il. 2, 761; [[τίς]] ἄρα ῥύσεται, wer wird uns nun retten? Aesch. Spt. 90; τίσἄρα, [[τίς]] με [[πότμος]] ἔτι περιμένει; Soph. Ant. 1282; [[τίς]] σε, [[τέκνον]], [[τίς]] σ' ἔτικτε τῶν μακραιώνων ἄρα; O. C. 1444; und oft in Prosa τί ἄρα, τί ποτ' ἄρα, Plat. Phaedr. 228 d Phil. 52 d. Ebenso in Ausrufungen, ὦ δαῖμον, ὡς ἄρ' ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας Aesch. Pers. 719; ὅρα, [[τίς]] ἄρ' ἦν, wer war's nur! Soph. O. C. 118; ὧ Ζεῦ – οἵους ἄρα ἔχω ἑταίρους Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 10. – 5) Oft liegt darin, daß etwas überraschend, wider Erwarten sich an etwas Früheres anreiht; diesen Ausdruck der Befremdung, des Verblüfftseins, macht Hartung in seiner Lehre von den Partikeln I, p. 422 zum Hauptbegriff; er paßt aber nur in der kleinern Zahl der Stellen; οὐδ' οἵ γ' ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν, ἀλλ' ἄρα [[τοί]] γε – περισσαίνοντες ἀνέσταν Od. 10, 214; κἀξ ἀγεννήτων ἄρα – μῦθοι [[καλῶς]] πίπτουσι, wie unser <b class="b2">also auch</b>, Soph. Tr. 61. Dah. drückt es oft die Enttäuschung von einer falsch gefaßten Meinung aus, bes. in der Formel ἦν ἄρα, z. B. σὺ δ' οὐκ ἄρα [[τοῖος]] [[ἔησθα]] Od. 16, 420, du warst also nicht so, d. i. du bist nicht ein solcher, wie ich meinte; οὐκ ἄρα σοίγε πατὴρ ἦν [[Πηλεύς]] Il. 16, 33; οὔτ' ἄρ' ὅ γ' εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται – [[ἀλλά]] 1, 93; ὅδ' ἦν ἄρ' ὁ ξυλλαβὼν ἐμέ Soph. Phil. 966, der also ist! [[πόθος]] καὶ κακῶν ἄρ' ἦν τις O. C. 118; [[Κύπρις]] οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν [[θεός]] Eur. Hipp. 360; σὺ δ' [[ἀχάριστος]] ἦσθ' ἄρα Ar. Vesp. 451; οὐ σὺ [[μόνος]] ἄρ' ἦσθ' [[ἔποψ]] Av. 280; ὅτι οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν [[φιλόσοφος]], [[ἀλλά]] τις [[φιλοσώματος]], daß er eben kein Philosoph ist (wie wir meinten), Plat. Phaed. 68 b; οὐκ ἄρ' ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολιτικὰ Περικλῆς ἦν ἐκ τούτου τοῦ λόγου Gorg. 516 d; [[ταῦτα]] ἀκούσας ὁ [[Κῦρος]] ἐπαίσατο ἄρα τὸν μηρόν Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 6; vgl. 8, 2, 2; – πρὶν μὲν – νῦν δὲ ἄρα Plat. Crit. 46 d Phaed. 68 a; vgl. Rep. X, 600 c. – 6) wie <b class="b2">nämlich</b>, eine Erläuterung anknüpfend, κρατερῶς ἐμάχοντο, λαοῖσιν [[καθύπερθε]] πεποιθότες ἠδὲ βίηφιν. οἱ δ' ἄρα χερμαδίοισιν ἀπὸ πύργων βάλλον Iliad. 12, 154; so häufig in Prosa, bes. nach ὅτι u. ὡς, wo dadurch ausgedrückt wird, daß das Angeführte nicht des Redenden Meinung sei (vgl. 5): ὡς ἄρα καὶ οἱ θεοὶ πολλοῖς βίον κακὸν ἔνειμαν Plat. Rep. II, 364 b; neben γάρ Prot. 315 c Gorg. 469 d; ὡς ἄρα γιγνώσκων Xen. An. 5, 6, 29; [[ἀκούω]] τινὰ διαβάλλειν ἐμὲ ὡς ἐγὼ ἄρα ἐξαπατήσας 5, 7, 5; vgl. Dem. 21, 183. – 7) εἰ ἄρα, ἐὰν ἄρα, wenn etwa, ob vielleicht, oft bei Plat., Theaet. 151 c; ἄκουε, εἴ τι ἄρα [[λέγω]] Rep. IV, 433 a; ἢν ἄρα, wenn allenfalls, Thuc. 1, 93; εἰ μέν τις καὶ [[ἄλλος]] ἄρα ἡμῖν ἐστι [[διαβατέος]], οὐκ [[οἶδα]] Xen. An. 2, 4, 6; vgl. 5, 1, 13; εἰ μὴ ἄρα, wie nisi forte, oft ironisch; σκοπῶμεν, μή πη ἄρ' ἐξαπατώμεθα Plat. Hipp. mai. 293 e.
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Revision as of 19:19, 2 August 2017

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: ἄρᾰ Medium diacritics: ἄρα Low diacritics: άρα Capitals: ΑΡΑ
Transliteration A: ára Transliteration B: ara Transliteration C: ara Beta Code: a)/ra

English (LSJ)

Ep. ῥά (which is enclitic and used after monosyllables, ἦ, ὅς, γάρ, etc., or words ending in a vowel or diphthong, e.g. ἐπεί), before a consonant ἄρ (perh. cf. Lith.

   A i[rtilde] 'and'): expressing consequence, then, or mere succession, there and then, and in many derived uses.    A EARLIER USAGE: to denote,    I immediate transition, there and then, straightway, ὣς φάτο βῆ δ' ἄρ' Ὄνειρος Il.2.16: after a part., ὣς εἰπὼν κατ' ἄρ' ἕζετο 1.68, al.; πυθόμενος . . εἶπε ἄ. Hdt.4.134, cf. 9.9; ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρὸς ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα X.Cyr.1.3.2; with other Particles, δέ, ἦ, ὡς, etc., cf. ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἄ. εἶπεν ib.4.10: also after Advbs. of Time, τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος ἄρα, etc.; οὕτως ἄρα Pl.Phdr.259b; often in apodosi, as αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ θηήσατο . . αὐτίκ' ἄρ' ἤλυθεν Od.5.77; repeated τὼ μὲν ἄρ' . . κεῖντο ἡ δ' ἄρ' . . ἀγόρευε Il.21.426: in enumerations, e. g. in Homer's catalogue, then, next, οἱ δ' ἄρ' Ἀθήνας εἶχον 2.546; so in genealogies, Σίσυφος . . ὁ δ' ἄ. Γλαῦκον τέκεθ' υἱόν 6.154.    2 to draw attention, mark you! τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον . . τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχιλεὺς δ' ἄρ' ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος 24.456; with imper., ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ κατ' ἄρ' ἕζευ 24.522: to point a moral or general statement, φευγόντων δ' οὔτ' ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή 5.532.    II connexion, such as,    1 that of antecedent and consequent, οἰνοχόει . . ἄσβεστος δ' ἄρ' ἐνῶρτο γέλως 1.599, cf. 24.507; τοὔνεκ' ἄρ' ἄλγε' ἔδωκε 1.96; freq. with οὕνεκα in protasi, 7.140, al.: also in questions, τίς τ' ἄρ τῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην; who then (say you) was . . ? 2.761: with demonstr. Pronoun in recapitulation, ἀλλ' υἱὸν Πριάμοιο . . τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε he it was, whom... 4.501: freq. in such phrases as ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας 2.35, al.; ὣς ἄρ' ἔφη 1.584, al.; ἦ ῥα 3.355, al., thus, then he spoke.—This usage is universal in Greek.    2 explanation of that which precedes, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς τήν ῥα . . ἀπηύρων whom (and for this cause he was angry) they had taken away, 1.429; εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε . . φῆ ῥ' ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν for he said, Od.4.504: freq. with οὕνεκα; so with relatives, ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος ὃν ἄρ' ἤθελον αὐτοί the very one which... Il.7.182.    B LATER USAGE, always with inferential force: 1. in drawing conclusions (more subjective than οὖν), ἄριστον ἄ. ἡ εὐδαιμονία Arist.EN1099a24; δῆλον ἄ. Id.Pol.1295b33; in pseudo-syllogistic conclusions, Id.SE174b11, Rh.1401a3, al.: esp. by way of informal inference, as it seems, οὐκ ἄ. σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς Il.16.33; οὐδ' ἄ. πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι 23.670; μάτην ἄρ', ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν S.El.772; οὕτω κοινόν τι ἄ. χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυά ἐστιν so true is it that... X.HG7.1.32; πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνων ἄ. ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος Pl.R.358c; ἦν ἄ. πυρός γ' ἕτερα . . θερμότερα Ar.Eq. 382; ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρ' ἦσθα Trag.Adesp.374; so in announcing the discovery or correction of an error, as οὐκ ἐννενοήκαμεν ὅτι εἰσὶν ἄ. . . Pl.R.375d; φαίνεται πρὸ ποδῶν ἡμῖν κυλινδεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἑωρῶμεν ἄρ' αὐτό ib.432d; εἰκότως ἄ. οὐκ ἐγίγνετο· ὡς γὰρ ἐγὼ νῦν πυνθάνομαι. . X.An.2.2.3.    2 in questions, expressing the anxiety of the questioner, τίς ἄ. ῥύσεται; who is there to save ? A.Th.92; so in exclamations to heighten the expression of emotion, οἵαν ἄρ' ἥβην . . ἀπώλεσεν what a band of youth was that . . ! Id.Pers.733; so ὡς ἄρα ib.472, S.Fr.577; τί μ' ἄ. τί μ' ὀλέκεις; Id.Ant.1285; τί οὖν . . ἄ. X.Oec.6.2; πῶς ἄ.; οὕτως ἄ., etc.; . alone, ἔζης ἄ. S.Fr.686: esp. in ironical comments, Ar.Av.476, 1371, etc.    3 epexegetic, namely, ἐρῶ, ὡς ἄ. . . Pl.Tht.152d, cf. 156e.    4 for τοι ἄρα, τἄρα, v. sub τοι 11.2.    5 εἰ (or ἐάν) μὴ ἄ. unless perhaps, Pl.Ap.38b, D.58.4; separated from εἰ μή, Id.9.20; with irony, εἰ μὴ ἄ. ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν X.Mem.1.2.8.    6 in hypothetical clauses, to indicate the improbability of the supposition, ἢν ἄ. ποτὲ κατὰ γῆν βιασθῶσιν Th.1.93, etc.; or simply, perhaps (sts. separated from εἰ), εἴ τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἄ. . . ὑπελάμβανεν D.21.8; εἴ τις ἰδίᾳ τινὰ δεδιὼς ἄ. ἀπρόθυμός ἐστιν Th.4.86.    C IN CRASIS, freq. τἄρα, μεντἄρα, οὐτἄρα: also δήξομἄρα for δήξομαι ἄ., Ar.Ach.325; οἰμώξετἄρα, κλαύσἄρα, Id.Th.248, Pax 532: also in Trag., E.Hyps.Fr.34.86.    D ἄρα never stands first in the sentence in Classical Greek (Arist.Mech.851a22 is corrupt), but is found at the beginning of an apodosis in Ev.Matt.12.28, Ep.Rom.10.17, and first in a sentence, Ev.Luc.11.48, Vett.Val.305.20; in conclusion of syllogism, Herm. ap.Stob.3.11.31.

German (Pape)

[Seite 342] ep. ἄρ u. enklit. ῥα, von ἄρω, also Verknüpfung zweier Begriffe. Am häufigsten bei den Epikern, 1) die Aufeinanderfolge der Begebenheiten andeutend, nun, da, z. B. ἃς φάτο, βῆ δ' ἄρ' ὄνειρος Il. 2, 16; νὺξ δ' ἄρ' ἐπῆλθε κακὴ –, ὗε δ' ἄρα Ζεύς Od. 14, 457. So die häufigen Vrbdgn: ἃς ἄρα φωνήσας, ἡ μὲν ἄρ' ἃς εἰποῦσα, u. καί ῥα, οὐδ' ἄρα, u. mit Zeitpartikeln, ἐπεί ῥα, ὅτε ῥα, ὅτε δή ῥα, wobei es oft den Begriff der schnellen Folge ausdrückt, sofort, sogleich, vgl. αὐτάρ, εἶθαρ, ἄφαρ; ὁ δ' ἄρ' ὦκα παρέδραμεν Il. 10, 350. Auch beim Aufzählen einzelner Dinge, nun, ferner, Il. 2, 546. 615. – 2) Es verknüpft dah. bes. Correlativsätze, ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης, ὃν ἄρ' ἤθελον αὐτοί Il. 7, 182; ἦμοςτῆμος ἄρα 24, 789, u. so öfter εὖτ' ἄρα, ὅτ' ἄρα, ἃς ἄρα, gerade so, z. B. Od. 6, 235; Pind. Ol. 6, 52. Bes. bei Demonstrativen, wenn ein schon genannter Gegenstand wieder aufgenommen wird, ἀλλ' υἱὸν Πριάμοιο νόθον βάλε – τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε δουρί Il. 4, 501, diesen also, diesen nun; so oft ταῦτ' ἄρα, τοῖος ἄρα. – Von diesen beiden Arten des Gebrauchs ist in Prosa die Anknüpfung des Nachsatzes durch ἄρα geblieben, ἀκούσας, ἔλεγε ἄρα Her. 9, 9; ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρός, ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 2; An. 4, 6, 15 u. sonst, doch selten. – 3) Auch einen innern Zusammenhang bezeichnet es, nicht wie οὖν, folglich, streng folgernd u. schließend, sondern, was sich von selbst ergiebt, od. man vermuthen kann, nun, al so, anführend, τοὔνεκ' ἄρ' ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν Il. 1, 96, deswegen also; τὰ μὲν ἄρ που ἐπέκλωσαν θεοὶ αὐτοί Od. 11, 139; u. so oft bei Angabe eines Grundes, ἐπεί ῥα, ὅτι ῥα, weil ja, da ja, τὸ δὲ χρηστήριον τοῖσι ἐν Συρίῃ Ἀγβατάνοισι ἔλεγε ἄρα, wie nämlich aus dem Vorigen erhellt, Her. 3, 64. So auch bei Attikern sehr gew., μάτην ἄρ' ὡς ἔοικεν ἥκομεν Soph. El. 762; ὑφ' οὗ φονέως ἄρ' ἐξέπνευσας, durch den du also sterben mußtest, Ai. 1005; πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνωνἄρα ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος Plat. Rep. II, 358 c; ἐγὼ δὲ οὐδὲν ἄρα τούτων ποιήσω Apol. 34 c. – 4) Dah. steht es oft in Fragesätzen, τίς τ' ἂρ τῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην; wer war denn nun von ihnen der beste? Il. 2, 761; τίς ἄρα ῥύσεται, wer wird uns nun retten? Aesch. Spt. 90; τίσἄρα, τίς με πότμος ἔτι περιμένει; Soph. Ant. 1282; τίς σε, τέκνον, τίς σ' ἔτικτε τῶν μακραιώνων ἄρα; O. C. 1444; und oft in Prosa τί ἄρα, τί ποτ' ἄρα, Plat. Phaedr. 228 d Phil. 52 d. Ebenso in Ausrufungen, ὦ δαῖμον, ὡς ἄρ' ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας Aesch. Pers. 719; ὅρα, τίς ἄρ' ἦν, wer war's nur! Soph. O. C. 118; ὧ Ζεῦ – οἵους ἄρα ἔχω ἑταίρους Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 10. – 5) Oft liegt darin, daß etwas überraschend, wider Erwarten sich an etwas Früheres anreiht; diesen Ausdruck der Befremdung, des Verblüfftseins, macht Hartung in seiner Lehre von den Partikeln I, p. 422 zum Hauptbegriff; er paßt aber nur in der kleinern Zahl der Stellen; οὐδ' οἵ γ' ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν, ἀλλ' ἄρα τοί γε – περισσαίνοντες ἀνέσταν Od. 10, 214; κἀξ ἀγεννήτων ἄρα – μῦθοι καλῶς πίπτουσι, wie unser also auch, Soph. Tr. 61. Dah. drückt es oft die Enttäuschung von einer falsch gefaßten Meinung aus, bes. in der Formel ἦν ἄρα, z. B. σὺ δ' οὐκ ἄρα τοῖος ἔησθα Od. 16, 420, du warst also nicht so, d. i. du bist nicht ein solcher, wie ich meinte; οὐκ ἄρα σοίγε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς Il. 16, 33; οὔτ' ἄρ' ὅ γ' εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται – ἀλλά 1, 93; ὅδ' ἦν ἄρ' ὁ ξυλλαβὼν ἐμέ Soph. Phil. 966, der also ist! πόθος καὶ κακῶν ἄρ' ἦν τις O. C. 118; Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός Eur. Hipp. 360; σὺ δ' ἀχάριστος ἦσθ' ἄρα Ar. Vesp. 451; οὐ σὺ μόνος ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἔποψ Av. 280; ὅτι οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν φιλόσοφος, ἀλλά τις φιλοσώματος, daß er eben kein Philosoph ist (wie wir meinten), Plat. Phaed. 68 b; οὐκ ἄρ' ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολιτικὰ Περικλῆς ἦν ἐκ τούτου τοῦ λόγου Gorg. 516 d; ταῦτα ἀκούσας ὁ Κῦρος ἐπαίσατο ἄρα τὸν μηρόν Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 6; vgl. 8, 2, 2; – πρὶν μὲν – νῦν δὲ ἄρα Plat. Crit. 46 d Phaed. 68 a; vgl. Rep. X, 600 c. – 6) wie nämlich, eine Erläuterung anknüpfend, κρατερῶς ἐμάχοντο, λαοῖσιν καθύπερθε πεποιθότες ἠδὲ βίηφιν. οἱ δ' ἄρα χερμαδίοισιν ἀπὸ πύργων βάλλον Iliad. 12, 154; so häufig in Prosa, bes. nach ὅτι u. ὡς, wo dadurch ausgedrückt wird, daß das Angeführte nicht des Redenden Meinung sei (vgl. 5): ὡς ἄρα καὶ οἱ θεοὶ πολλοῖς βίον κακὸν ἔνειμαν Plat. Rep. II, 364 b; neben γάρ Prot. 315 c Gorg. 469 d; ὡς ἄρα γιγνώσκων Xen. An. 5, 6, 29; ἀκούω τινὰ διαβάλλειν ἐμὲ ὡς ἐγὼ ἄρα ἐξαπατήσας 5, 7, 5; vgl. Dem. 21, 183. – 7) εἰ ἄρα, ἐὰν ἄρα, wenn etwa, ob vielleicht, oft bei Plat., Theaet. 151 c; ἄκουε, εἴ τι ἄρα λέγω Rep. IV, 433 a; ἢν ἄρα, wenn allenfalls, Thuc. 1, 93; εἰ μέν τις καὶ ἄλλος ἄρα ἡμῖν ἐστι διαβατέος, οὐκ οἶδα Xen. An. 2, 4, 6; vgl. 5, 1, 13; εἰ μὴ ἄρα, wie nisi forte, oft ironisch; σκοπῶμεν, μή πη ἄρ' ἐξαπατώμεθα Plat. Hipp. mai. 293 e.