μάλα: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=[μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sts. uses the ult. long before λ, <span class="bibl">Il.3.214</span>, <span class="bibl">4.379</span>; before μ, <span class="bibl">10.172</span>], Adv. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">very, exceedingly</b>, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> strengthening the word with which it stands, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., <b class="b3">μάλα πολλά</b> <b class="b2">very</b> many, <span class="bibl">Od.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα</b>, <b class="b2">every one</b>, all <b class="b2">together</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.741</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.306</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μάλ' ἀσκηθής</b> <b class="b2">all</b> unhurt, <span class="bibl">5.26</span>; <b class="b3">ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος</b> <b class="b2">quite</b> gentle, <span class="bibl">11.135</span>; <b class="b3">σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον</b> a <b class="b2">quite</b> sardonic smile, <span class="bibl">20.302</span>; μάλα μυρίοι <span class="bibl">15.556</span>, <span class="bibl">16.121</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐμέο πρότερος μ</b>. <b class="b2">actually</b> before me, <span class="bibl">Il.10.124</span>; later, <b class="b3">μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>126b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>, etc.: strengthd., <b class="b3">μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης</b> <b class="b2">very</b> old, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.1</span>; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>531e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Advs., <b class="b3">πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ</b>, <b class="b2">quite</b> utterly, <span class="bibl">Il.12.165</span>, <span class="bibl">14.143</span>; πάνυ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>80c</span>; <b class="b3">εὖ μ</b>. <b class="b2">right</b> well, <span class="bibl">Od.22.190</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>92d</span>, etc.; μάλα . . εὖ <span class="bibl">Od.23.175</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156a</span>; <b class="b3">μάλ' αὐτίκα</b> (v. <b class="b3">αὐτίκα</b>) <b class="b3">; μάλ' αἰεί</b> for ever and aye, <span class="bibl">Il.13.557</span>, <span class="bibl">23.717</span>; <b class="b3">ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος</b> until <b class="b2">quite</b> dark, <span class="bibl">Od.18.370</span>; <b class="b3">μάλ' ὧδε</b> <b class="b2">just</b> in this way, <span class="bibl">6.258</span>; <b class="b3">μ. διαμπερές</b> <b class="b2">right</b> through, <span class="bibl">Il.20.362</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μόλις</b> (v. <b class="b3">μόλις</b>); to express repeated action, μάλ' αὖθις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1345</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>654</span>; μάλ' αὖ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1410</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μ</b>. alone, ἔα, ἔα μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>870</span>; οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1045</span> (lyr.); εἶα μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 460s</span>q. (so ἄλλος πύργος... καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.181</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.186</span>): freq. after καί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>728</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>879</span>: with neg., <b class="b3">μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.241</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 5.103</span>; οὐ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.93</span>, <span class="bibl">2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>676</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> with Verbs, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε <span class="bibl">Il.10.249</span>; μ. τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">1.218</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευεν</b> drove <b class="b2">carefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.319</span>; <b class="b3">μ . . . προπέμπει</b> <b class="b2">in earnest</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>915</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>368</span> (lyr.); καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.36</span>; μ. πολιορκούμενοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> strengthening an assertion, <b class="b3">νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι</b>, i.e. now <b class="b2">or never</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.492</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε</b> . . then <b class="b2">doubtless</b> he would have stayed, <span class="bibl">Od.4.733</span>; <b class="b3">σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ</b> yes <b class="b2">indeed</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.10.108</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες</b> why <b class="b2">plainly</b>... <span class="bibl">Od.4.472</span>: freq. with another word, as <b class="b3">ἦ μ. δή</b> . . now <b class="b2">in very</b> truth, <span class="bibl">Il.5.422</span>, etc.; ἦ δή που μ. <span class="bibl">21.583</span>; freq. <b class="b3">ἦ μ</b>. (without <b class="b3">δή</b>) <span class="bibl">3.204</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Hom. sts. after <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, as <b class="b3">εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι</b> if wrath come on him <b class="b2">ever so much</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.399</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.485</span>, al.; καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι <span class="bibl">Il.9.318</span>; also <b class="b3">μ. περ</b> c. part., <b class="b3">μ. περ μεμαώς</b> though desiring <b class="b2">never so much</b>, <span class="bibl">13.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.58</span>, <span class="bibl">17.710</span>, al.; καὶ μ. περ <span class="bibl">1.217</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.571</span>; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Od.18.385</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in Att. freq. in answers, <b class="b2">yes, certainly</b>, μ. γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>555d</span>, <span class="bibl">564e</span>, etc.; μ. τοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.46</span>; καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>258c</span>; καὶ μ. γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>148c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ μ. δή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">177a</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο</b> <b class="b2">certainly</b> it stopped, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>189a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Comp. μᾶλλον [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.932</span>], Ion. μάλιον [ᾰ] only in <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.6</span>, cf. Choerob.in <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>2.240; late Dor. μαλλότερον Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—<b class="b2">more, rather</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.231</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.351</span>, al.: mostly folld. by <b class="b3">ἤ</b>, but in Prose also by a gen., <b class="b3">μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> is expedient, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.1</span>; μ. τοῦ δέοντος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>487b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.8</span> (sts. expressed by <b class="b3">μᾶλλον</b> alone, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>63d</span>); οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>394</span>; <b class="b3">παντὸς μ</b>. most assuredly, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">8</span>); in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς... ὡς</b> is prob. = [[ἤ]] (v. <b class="b3">ὡς</b>): denoting a constant increase, <b class="b2">more and more</b>, sts. doubled, μ. μ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1406</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1001</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Alex.29</span>: in positive sense, <b class="b2">exceedingly</b>, κηρόθι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.9.300</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.370</span>, al.:—Usage: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> freq. strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.9.700</span>, etc.; ἔτι μ. <span class="bibl">14.97</span>, al.; μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.322</span>; καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.8.470</span>; καὶ μ. ἔτι <span class="bibl">Od.18.22</span>; ἔτι καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.57</span>; ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.23.386</span>, <span class="bibl">429</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>428</span>; ἐπὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.104</span>; ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Id.1.94</span>; πολλῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>80e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>12.22</span>: also modified, <b class="b3">μᾶλλόν τι</b> somewhat <b class="b2">more</b>, μ. τι περιημέκτεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.114</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">50</span>, etc.; μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου <span class="bibl">Th.8.71</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> sts. with a second Comp., ῥηΐτεροι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.24.243</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>673</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>279</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1210</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>222</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>79e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.4.14</span> (s.v.l.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>116b24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">μᾶλλον δέ</b> <b class="b2">much more</b>... or <b class="b2">rather</b>... to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>634</span>; πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες <span class="bibl">D.18.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173e</span>; so ἢ μ. <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>25.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐχὶ μ. ἤ</b> . . not so, <b class="b2">but rather</b> so... <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα</b> <b class="b2">more</b> or less <b class="b2">violent</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν μ</b>. none <b class="b2">the more</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">79</span>; οὐδέν τι μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>87d</span>; <b class="b3">μηδέν τι μ. ἤ</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>280</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">μ. ἤ</b> . . folld. by <b class="b3">οὐ</b> in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους <span class="bibl">Th.3.36</span>: preceded by another neg., <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.118</span>, <span class="bibl">5.94</span>, <span class="bibl">7.16</span>. <b class="b3">γ</b>, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, <b class="b3">τίδεῖ . . μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον</b>, a form of argument, <b class="b2">a fortiori</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1397b12</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">παντὸς μ</b>., v. [[πᾶς]] <span class="bibl">111.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Sup. μάλιστα <b class="b2">most of all, above all</b>, Hom., etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Od.21.353</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... ἔπειτα</b> or <b class="b3">ἔπειτα δέ</b>... <b class="b2">first and above all</b>... next... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>647</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1285</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... δεύτερον δὲ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Is.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... εἰ δὲ μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.22</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>590d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.25</span>, etc.; τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.21.152</span>; <b class="b3">μάλιστα μὲν... μᾶλλον μέντοι</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>180b</span>; <b class="b3">μάλιστα... εἰ μὴ δ'</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>617</span>; <b class="b3">δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.53</span>; <b class="b3">τί μ</b>.; what <b class="b2">precisely</b>? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>448d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>80b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>218c</span>: c. gen. partit., μ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>327a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 4.86</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μ. πάντων</b> the <b class="b2">supreme</b> reality, <span class="bibl">Plot.5.5.11</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μ. εἶναι</b> the <b class="b2">highest degree</b> of being, <span class="bibl">Id.6.2.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> strengthd., <b class="b3">ὡς μ</b>. <b class="b2">certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>294</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>460a</span>, etc.; ὅσον μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>524</span>; ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.185</span>; ὡς δύναμαι μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>367b</span>; ὡς οἷόν τε μ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510b</span>; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>; ὅτι μ. δύνασαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>239b</span>; μακρῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.171</span>; πολλῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.42.3</span>; παντὸς μ. <span class="bibl">D.H.3.35</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with the Art., <b class="b3">ἐς τὰ μ</b>. <b class="b2">in the highest degree</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">2.76</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.104</span>, <span class="bibl">8.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.212</span>: without ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.147</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Th. 1.92</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.62</span>; τά γε μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>794d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς</b> if they were <b class="b2">ever so</b> true, <span class="bibl">D.18.95</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες</b> . . if (<b class="b2">to put an extreme case</b>) not some, but all... <span class="bibl">Id.20.2</span>; εἰ . . δοκοίη τὰ μ. <span class="bibl">Id.18.21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ</b>. as famous as he that is <b class="b2">most</b> [famous], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.8</span>; τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς μ</b>. <b class="b2">especially, as much as any</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.90</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173b</span>, etc.: with a Sup., ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>14.40</span>; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. <span class="bibl">Procop.<span class="title">Arc.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> added to a Sup. (v. μάλα <span class="bibl">11.2</span>, <b class="b3">πλεῖστον</b>) <b class="b3">, ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.220</span>, <span class="bibl">24.334</span>; μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; μ. φίλτατος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1421</span>: to a Comp. (?), μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">μάλιστα</b> for μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>[1594]</span>; μ. ἤ ἐμοί <span class="bibl">A.R.3.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with numerals, <b class="b2">in round numbers, about</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.29</span>, <span class="bibl">92</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.31</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πεντήκοντα μάλιστα</b> is <span class="bibl">49</span> in <span class="bibl">Th.1.118</span>; ἑκατοστὸς μ. <span class="bibl">99t</span>h, <span class="bibl">Id.8.68</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ</b> <b class="b2">about</b> the middle, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.191</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">76</span>; ἥμισυ μ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.93</span>; <b class="b3">μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας</b> that they were <b class="b2">about</b> the middle of supper, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175c</span>; κου μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.22</span>; μ. πως <span class="bibl">Plb.2.41.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> in answers, <b class="b2">most certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>827</span>, etc.; μ. γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>994</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>253</span>; μ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1531</span>; πάντων μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453d</span>; v. supr.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>. (Orig. perh. <b class="b2">fiercely</b>, cf. [[μαλερός]].)</span> | |Definition=[μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sts. uses the ult. long before λ, <span class="bibl">Il.3.214</span>, <span class="bibl">4.379</span>; before μ, <span class="bibl">10.172</span>], Adv. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">very, exceedingly</b>, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> strengthening the word with which it stands, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., <b class="b3">μάλα πολλά</b> <b class="b2">very</b> many, <span class="bibl">Od.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα</b>, <b class="b2">every one</b>, all <b class="b2">together</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.741</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.306</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μάλ' ἀσκηθής</b> <b class="b2">all</b> unhurt, <span class="bibl">5.26</span>; <b class="b3">ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος</b> <b class="b2">quite</b> gentle, <span class="bibl">11.135</span>; <b class="b3">σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον</b> a <b class="b2">quite</b> sardonic smile, <span class="bibl">20.302</span>; μάλα μυρίοι <span class="bibl">15.556</span>, <span class="bibl">16.121</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐμέο πρότερος μ</b>. <b class="b2">actually</b> before me, <span class="bibl">Il.10.124</span>; later, <b class="b3">μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>126b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>, etc.: strengthd., <b class="b3">μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης</b> <b class="b2">very</b> old, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.1</span>; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>531e</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Advs., <b class="b3">πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ</b>, <b class="b2">quite</b> utterly, <span class="bibl">Il.12.165</span>, <span class="bibl">14.143</span>; πάνυ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>80c</span>; <b class="b3">εὖ μ</b>. <b class="b2">right</b> well, <span class="bibl">Od.22.190</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>92d</span>, etc.; μάλα . . εὖ <span class="bibl">Od.23.175</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156a</span>; <b class="b3">μάλ' αὐτίκα</b> (v. <b class="b3">αὐτίκα</b>) <b class="b3">; μάλ' αἰεί</b> for ever and aye, <span class="bibl">Il.13.557</span>, <span class="bibl">23.717</span>; <b class="b3">ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος</b> until <b class="b2">quite</b> dark, <span class="bibl">Od.18.370</span>; <b class="b3">μάλ' ὧδε</b> <b class="b2">just</b> in this way, <span class="bibl">6.258</span>; <b class="b3">μ. διαμπερές</b> <b class="b2">right</b> through, <span class="bibl">Il.20.362</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μόλις</b> (v. <b class="b3">μόλις</b>); to express repeated action, μάλ' αὖθις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1345</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>654</span>; μάλ' αὖ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1410</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μ</b>. alone, ἔα, ἔα μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>870</span>; οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1045</span> (lyr.); εἶα μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 460s</span>q. (so ἄλλος πύργος... καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.181</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.186</span>): freq. after καί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>728</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>879</span>: with neg., <b class="b3">μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.241</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 5.103</span>; οὐ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.93</span>, <span class="bibl">2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>676</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> with Verbs, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε <span class="bibl">Il.10.249</span>; μ. τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">1.218</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευεν</b> drove <b class="b2">carefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.319</span>; <b class="b3">μ . . . προπέμπει</b> <b class="b2">in earnest</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>915</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>368</span> (lyr.); καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.36</span>; μ. πολιορκούμενοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> strengthening an assertion, <b class="b3">νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι</b>, i.e. now <b class="b2">or never</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.492</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε</b> . . then <b class="b2">doubtless</b> he would have stayed, <span class="bibl">Od.4.733</span>; <b class="b3">σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ</b> yes <b class="b2">indeed</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.10.108</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες</b> why <b class="b2">plainly</b>... <span class="bibl">Od.4.472</span>: freq. with another word, as <b class="b3">ἦ μ. δή</b> . . now <b class="b2">in very</b> truth, <span class="bibl">Il.5.422</span>, etc.; ἦ δή που μ. <span class="bibl">21.583</span>; freq. <b class="b3">ἦ μ</b>. (without <b class="b3">δή</b>) <span class="bibl">3.204</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in Hom. sts. after <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, as <b class="b3">εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι</b> if wrath come on him <b class="b2">ever so much</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.399</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.485</span>, al.; καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι <span class="bibl">Il.9.318</span>; also <b class="b3">μ. περ</b> c. part., <b class="b3">μ. περ μεμαώς</b> though desiring <b class="b2">never so much</b>, <span class="bibl">13.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.58</span>, <span class="bibl">17.710</span>, al.; καὶ μ. περ <span class="bibl">1.217</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.571</span>; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Od.18.385</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in Att. freq. in answers, <b class="b2">yes, certainly</b>, μ. γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>555d</span>, <span class="bibl">564e</span>, etc.; μ. τοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.46</span>; καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>258c</span>; καὶ μ. γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>148c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ μ. δή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">177a</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο</b> <b class="b2">certainly</b> it stopped, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>189a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> Comp. μᾶλλον [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.932</span>], Ion. μάλιον [ᾰ] only in <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.6</span>, cf. Choerob.in <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>2.240; late Dor. μαλλότερον Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—<b class="b2">more, rather</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.231</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.351</span>, al.: mostly folld. by <b class="b3">ἤ</b>, but in Prose also by a gen., <b class="b3">μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος</b> <b class="b2">more than</b> is expedient, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.1</span>; μ. τοῦ δέοντος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>487b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.8</span> (sts. expressed by <b class="b3">μᾶλλον</b> alone, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>63d</span>); οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>394</span>; <b class="b3">παντὸς μ</b>. most assuredly, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">8</span>); in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς... ὡς</b> is prob. = [[ἤ]] (v. <b class="b3">ὡς</b>): denoting a constant increase, <b class="b2">more and more</b>, sts. doubled, μ. μ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1406</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1001</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Alex.29</span>: in positive sense, <b class="b2">exceedingly</b>, κηρόθι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.9.300</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.370</span>, al.:—Usage: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> freq. strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.9.700</span>, etc.; ἔτι μ. <span class="bibl">14.97</span>, al.; μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.322</span>; καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.8.470</span>; καὶ μ. ἔτι <span class="bibl">Od.18.22</span>; ἔτι καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.57</span>; ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.23.386</span>, <span class="bibl">429</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>428</span>; ἐπὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.104</span>; ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Id.1.94</span>; πολλῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>80e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>12.22</span>: also modified, <b class="b3">μᾶλλόν τι</b> somewhat <b class="b2">more</b>, μ. τι περιημέκτεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.114</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">50</span>, etc.; μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου <span class="bibl">Th.8.71</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> sts. with a second Comp., ῥηΐτεροι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.24.243</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>673</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>279</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1210</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>222</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>79e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.4.14</span> (s.v.l.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>116b24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">μᾶλλον δέ</b> <b class="b2">much more</b>... or <b class="b2">rather</b>... to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>634</span>; πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες <span class="bibl">D.18.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173e</span>; so ἢ μ. <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>25.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐχὶ μ. ἤ</b> . . not so, <b class="b2">but rather</b> so... <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα</b> <b class="b2">more</b> or less <b class="b2">violent</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν μ</b>. none <b class="b2">the more</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">79</span>; οὐδέν τι μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>87d</span>; <b class="b3">μηδέν τι μ. ἤ</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>280</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">μ. ἤ</b> . . folld. by <b class="b3">οὐ</b> in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους <span class="bibl">Th.3.36</span>: preceded by another neg., <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.118</span>, <span class="bibl">5.94</span>, <span class="bibl">7.16</span>. <b class="b3">γ</b>, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, <b class="b3">τίδεῖ . . μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον</b>, a form of argument, <b class="b2">a fortiori</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1397b12</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">παντὸς μ</b>., v. [[πᾶς]] <span class="bibl">111.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> Sup. μάλιστα <b class="b2">most of all, above all</b>, Hom., etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Od.21.353</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... ἔπειτα</b> or <b class="b3">ἔπειτα δέ</b>... <b class="b2">first and above all</b>... next... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>647</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1285</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... δεύτερον δὲ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Is.2.20</span>; <b class="b3">μ. μὲν... εἰ δὲ μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.22</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>590d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.25</span>, etc.; τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.21.152</span>; <b class="b3">μάλιστα μὲν... μᾶλλον μέντοι</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>180b</span>; <b class="b3">μάλιστα... εἰ μὴ δ'</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>617</span>; <b class="b3">δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.53</span>; <b class="b3">τί μ</b>.; what <b class="b2">precisely</b>? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>448d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>80b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>218c</span>: c. gen. partit., μ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>327a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 4.86</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μ. πάντων</b> the <b class="b2">supreme</b> reality, <span class="bibl">Plot.5.5.11</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μ. εἶναι</b> the <b class="b2">highest degree</b> of being, <span class="bibl">Id.6.2.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> strengthd., <b class="b3">ὡς μ</b>. <b class="b2">certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>294</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>460a</span>, etc.; ὅσον μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>524</span>; ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.185</span>; ὡς δύναμαι μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>367b</span>; ὡς οἷόν τε μ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510b</span>; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>; ὅτι μ. δύνασαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>239b</span>; μακρῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.171</span>; πολλῷ μ. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.42.3</span>; παντὸς μ. <span class="bibl">D.H.3.35</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with the Art., <b class="b3">ἐς τὰ μ</b>. <b class="b2">in the highest degree</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">2.76</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.104</span>, <span class="bibl">8.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.212</span>: without ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.147</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Th. 1.92</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.62</span>; τά γε μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>794d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς</b> if they were <b class="b2">ever so</b> true, <span class="bibl">D.18.95</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες</b> . . if (<b class="b2">to put an extreme case</b>) not some, but all... <span class="bibl">Id.20.2</span>; εἰ . . δοκοίη τὰ μ. <span class="bibl">Id.18.21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ</b>. as famous as he that is <b class="b2">most</b> [famous], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.8</span>; τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς μ</b>. <b class="b2">especially, as much as any</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.90</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173b</span>, etc.: with a Sup., ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>14.40</span>; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. <span class="bibl">Procop.<span class="title">Arc.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> added to a Sup. (v. μάλα <span class="bibl">11.2</span>, <b class="b3">πλεῖστον</b>) <b class="b3">, ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.220</span>, <span class="bibl">24.334</span>; μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; μ. φίλτατος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1421</span>: to a Comp. (?), μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">μάλιστα</b> for μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>[1594]</span>; μ. ἤ ἐμοί <span class="bibl">A.R.3.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> with numerals, <b class="b2">in round numbers, about</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.29</span>, <span class="bibl">92</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.31</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πεντήκοντα μάλιστα</b> is <span class="bibl">49</span> in <span class="bibl">Th.1.118</span>; ἑκατοστὸς μ. <span class="bibl">99t</span>h, <span class="bibl">Id.8.68</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ</b> <b class="b2">about</b> the middle, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.191</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">76</span>; ἥμισυ μ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.93</span>; <b class="b3">μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας</b> that they were <b class="b2">about</b> the middle of supper, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175c</span>; κου μ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.22</span>; μ. πως <span class="bibl">Plb.2.41.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> in answers, <b class="b2">most certainly</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>827</span>, etc.; μ. γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>994</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>253</span>; μ. πάντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1531</span>; πάντων μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453d</span>; v. supr.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>. (Orig. perh. <b class="b2">fiercely</b>, cf. [[μαλερός]].)</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0086.png Seite 86]] 1) Positiv., <b class="b2">sehr</b>, gar sehr, heftig, stark, von Hom. an überall, am häufigsten – a) mit adj. u. adv. vrbdn, den Begriff derselben steigernd u. verstärkend, μίνυνθά περ, [[οὔτι]] [[μάλα]] δήν, Od. 22. 473, [[μάλα]] πολλά, sehr viel, osi bei Hom., [[μάλα]] μυρίοι, ganz unzählige, Od. 16, 121, [[μάλα]] πάντες, allesammt, alle ohne Ausnahme, Il. 13, 741. 22, 115 Od. 2, 306. 16, 286, [[πάγχυ]] [[μάλα]] u. [[μάλα]] [[πάγχυ]], ganz u. gar, Il. 12, 165. 14, 143 Od. 14, 367 u. sonst, εὖ [[μάλα]] u. μάλ' εὖ, gar wohl, recht sehr, 22, 190. 23, 175, u. so auch in Prosa, προσέχων τὸν νοῦν εὖ [[μάλα]], Plat. Soph. 233 d, εὖ [[μάλα]] [[ἤδη]] πρεσβύτην εἶναι, Parm. 127 b, u. sonst, immer noch verstärkend, <b class="b2">gar sehr</b>; auch in umgekehrter Stellung, μάλ' εὖ ἄμουσοι, Theaet. 156 a; μάλ' [[αὐτίκα]], gleich auf der Stelle, sogleich, Od. 10, 111. 15, 424, wie [[αὐτίκα]] [[μάλα]], Her. 7, 103; vgl. Plat. Prot. 318 b; εὖ εἴσει [[αὐτίκα]] δὴ [[μάλα]], Rep. I, 338 b; μάλ' [[αἰεί]], immerfort, immerwährend, Il. 23, 717 Od. 7, 118; [[ἄχρι]] [[μάλα]] κνέφαος, bis ganz zur Dämmerung, 18, 370; μάλ' ὧδε, ganz so, gerade so, 6, 258; ἄβληχρος [[μάλα]] [[τοῖος]], so recht gelind, 11, 135; Σαρδάνιον [[μάλα]] τοῖον, so recht sardanisch, 20, 302; – μάλ' [[ἑτοῖμος]], Pind. Ol. 4, 15; [[μάλα]] πολλοί, P. 9, 111; Tragg., [[μάλα]] [[μέγας]] [[κτύπος]], Soph. O. C. 1462; in Prosa bei den Attikern sehr geläufig, [[μάλα]] γε ὀψὲ ἀφικόμενος, Plat. Prot. 310 c, [[μάλα]] [[μόγις]], Theaet. 142 d, εἰ μὴ [[μάλα]] γέ τινες ὀλίγοι, sehr wenige, Rep. VII, 531 d. – Oft noch durch [[καί]] verstärkt, eigtl. <b class="b2">undzwarsehr</b>, καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως, Aesch. Prom. 730, δόξαι τ' ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ' ὑπ' αἰθέρι σεμναί, Eum. 351; καὶ μάλ' ἀνδρικῶς, Plat. Phaedr. 265 a; καὶ μάλ' [[εἰκότως]] ὀκνεῖν, Rep. III, 413 c; auch καὶ [[πάνυ]] [[μάλα]], Phaed. 80 c. Aehnlich [[μάλα]] τοι, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 46. – Seltener beim compar., [[μάλα]] [[πρότερος]], weit früher, weit eher, Il. 10, 124. – Bei Wiederholungen wird des Nachdruckes wegen zu αὖ u. [[αὖθις]] noch [[μάλα]] gesetzt, ὤ μοι μάλ' [[αὖθις]], Aesch. Ag. 1318; Soph. El. 1408; Eur. Hec. 1037; ὅρα, ὅρα μάλ' [[αὖθις]], Aesch. Eum. 245; ὦ παῖ, παῖ μάλ' [[αὖθις]], Ch. 643; auch ohne [[αὖθις]] so, Pers. 1045 οἲ [[μάλα]] καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ. – Auch zur Negation tritt es verstärkend hinzu, μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' [[οὔπως]], Il. 2, 241 Od. 5, 103, Her. 1, 93; οὐ [[μάλα]] τι, mit nichten, ἄρχεσθαι δ' ὑπ' ἄλλων οὐ [[μάλα]] ἐθέλειν ἐλέγετο, Xen. An. 2, 6, 15, vgl. Hell. 6, 1, 15. – b) bei Verbis seltener, φεῦγε [[μάλα]], Il. 1, 173, [[μάλα]] γάρ τε κατεσθίει, 3, 25, σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ, 10, 108; [[μάλα]] τιμᾷ, Pind. I. 5, 63, [[μάλα]] θερμαίνει, Ol. 11, 91; [[μάλα]] βουλόμενος, sehr wünschend, Xen. Hell. 6, 5, 16, [[μάλα]] πολιορκεῖσθαι, 7, 1, 25. – Mit großem Nachdruck betheuernd ist Od. 4, 732 gesagt: εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ πυθόμην – τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν ἔμεινε, dann wahrlich wäre er geblieben, da wäre er gar sehr geblieben. – So steht es c) bes. im Anfang der Sätze, ἦ [[μάλα]] δή, Il. 5, 422. 18, 12 Od. 4, 169. 333. 777 u. öfter, auch ἦ δή που [[μάλα]], Il. 21, 583, u. oft ἦ [[μάλα]], 3, 204. 18, 18 u. sonst. – Daher in nachdrücklich bejahenden Antworten, <b class="b2">allerdings</b>, theils allein, theils mit dem Verbum, [[μάλα]] γε, Plat. Rep. VIII, 555 d, καὶ [[μάλα]], Phaedr. 258 b, καὶ μάλ' ἐπαύσατο, Conv. 189 a, καὶ [[μάλα]] γε, Theaet. 148 c; [[μάλα]] τοι, Xen. Hem. 1, 2, 46. – d) mit εἰ vrbdn, εἰ [[μάλα]], εἰ καὶ [[μάλα]], καὶ εἰ [[μάλα]], εἰ καὶ [[μάλα]] περ; mit dem ind., εἰ [[μάλα]] κάρτερός ἐσσι, wenn du sehr stark bist, was dir nicht bestritten wird, Il. 1, 178; häufig c. optat., <b class="b2">wenn auch noch so sehr, </b>wie sehr auch, wo die Sache als möglich zugestanden wird, εἰ [[μάλα]] μιν [[χόλος]] ἵκοι, wenn der Zorn ihn auch sehr, auch noch so sehr überkäme, Il. 17, 399 Od. 5, 485. 8, 139. 22, 13. So auch [[μάλα]] περ, cum partic., οὔτ' οὖν Τηλέμαχον [[μάλα]] περ πολύμυθον ἐόντα, [[οὔτε]] θεοπροπίης ἐμπαζόμεθα, Od. 2, 200, obwohl er sehr, oder: wenn er auch nach so viel Worte macht, Il. 14, 58. 13, 317. 17, 710 u. sonst; eben so bei καὶ [[μάλα]] περ u. [[καίπερ]] [[μάλα]], Il. 1, 217. 17, 571. In den meisten Fällen ist es auch hier zu einem adj. zu ziehen. – In Il. 10, 249, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε [[μήτε]] τι νείκει, lobe mich weder sehr, noch tadele mich, übersetzt man unnöthigerweise »zu sehr«, vgl. Od. 14, 464. | |||
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Revision as of 19:25, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sts. uses the ult. long before λ, Il.3.214, 4.379; before μ, 10.172], Adv.
A very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs: 1 strengthening the word with which it stands, a with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., μάλα πολλά very many, Od.1.1; μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα, every one, all together, Il.13.741, Od.2.306, etc.; μάλ' ἀσκηθής all unhurt, 5.26; ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quite gentle, 11.135; σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον a quite sardonic smile, 20.302; μάλα μυρίοι 15.556, 16.121, etc.; ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actually before me, Il.10.124; later, μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής, etc., Pl.Prm.126b, Phdr.230b, etc.: strengthd., μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης very old, X.Cyr.8.7.1; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι Pl.R.531e. b with Advs., πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ, quite utterly, Il.12.165, 14.143; πάνυ μ. Pl.Phd.80c; εὖ μ. right well, Od.22.190, Pl.Phd.92d, etc.; μάλα . . εὖ Od.23.175, cf. Pl.Tht.156a; μάλ' αὐτίκα (v. αὐτίκα) ; μάλ' αἰεί for ever and aye, Il.13.557, 23.717; ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος until quite dark, Od.18.370; μάλ' ὧδε just in this way, 6.258; μ. διαμπερές right through, Il.20.362; μ. μόλις (v. μόλις); to express repeated action, μάλ' αὖθις A.Ag.1345, Ch.654; μάλ' αὖ S.El.1410, etc.; μ. alone, ἔα, ἔα μ. A.Ch.870; οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ Id.Pers.1045 (lyr.); εἶα μ. Ar.Pax 460sq. (so ἄλλος πύργος... καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ Hdt. 1.181, cf. 7.186): freq. after καί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως A.Pr.728, cf. Ch.879: with neg., μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως, Il.2.241, Od. 5.103; οὐ μ. Hdt.1.93, 2.37, S.Ph.676 (lyr.). c with Verbs, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε Il.10.249; μ. τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ 1.218; ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευεν drove carefully, Od.6.319; μ . . . προπέμπει in earnest, A.Th.915 (lyr.), cf. Eu.368 (lyr.); καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι X.Cyr.6.1.36; μ. πολιορκούμενοι Id.HG7.1.25. 2 strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. now or never, Il.16.492; τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε . . then doubtless he would have stayed, Od.4.733; σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ yes indeed... Il.10.108; ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες why plainly... Od.4.472: freq. with another word, as ἦ μ. δή . . now in very truth, Il.5.422, etc.; ἦ δή που μ. 21.583; freq. ἦ μ. (without δή) 3.204, etc. 3 in Hom. sts. after εἰ, as εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι if wrath come on him ever so much, Il.17.399, cf. Od.5.485, al.; καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι Il.9.318; also μ. περ c. part., μ. περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, 13.317, cf. 14.58, 17.710, al.; καὶ μ. περ 1.217, cf. 17.571; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα Od.18.385. 4 in Att. freq. in answers, yes, certainly, μ. γε Pl.R.555d, 564e, etc.; μ. τοι X.Mem.1.2.46; καὶ μ. Pl.Phdr.258c; καὶ μ. γε Id.Tht.148c, etc.; καὶ μ. δή ib.177a; καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainly it stopped, Id.Smp.189a, etc. II Comp. μᾶλλον [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.2.932], Ion. μάλιον [ᾰ] only in Tyrt.12.6, cf. Choerob.in An.Ox.2.240; late Dor. μαλλότερον Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—more, rather, Il.5.231, Od.1.351, al.: mostly folld. by ἤ, but in Prose also by a gen., μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος more than is expedient, Antipho 5.1; μ. τοῦ δέοντος Pl.Grg.487b, X.Mem.4.3.8 (sts. expressed by μᾶλλον alone, Pl. Phd.63d); οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους E.Fr.394; παντὸς μ. most assuredly, Pl.Lg.715d (v. infr. 8); in Id.Ap.36d, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς... ὡς is prob. = ἤ (v. ὡς): denoting a constant increase, more and more, sts. doubled, μ. μ. E.IT1406, Ar.Ra.1001 (lyr.), Alex.29: in positive sense, exceedingly, κηρόθι μ. Il.9.300, Od.15.370, al.:—Usage: 1 freq. strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ. Il.9.700, etc.; ἔτι μ. 14.97, al.; μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν Od.1.322; καὶ μ. Il.8.470; καὶ μ. ἔτι Od.18.22; ἔτι καὶ μ. Pi.P.10.57; ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. Il.23.386, 429, Hes.Th.428; ἐπὶ μ. Hdt.3.104; ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. Id.1.94; πολλῷ μ. Pl.Phd.80e, 1 Ep.Cor.12.22: also modified, μᾶλλόν τι somewhat more, μ. τι περιημέκτεε Hdt.1.114, cf.50, etc.; μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου Th.8.71. 2 sts. with a second Comp., ῥηΐτεροι μ. Il.24.243, cf. Hdt.1.32, A.Th.673, Supp.279, S.Ant.1210, E.El.222, Pl. Phd.79e, Is.4.14 (s.v.l.), Arist.Top.116b24. 3 μᾶλλον δέ much more... or rather... to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός Ar.Pl.634; πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες D.18.65, cf. Pl.Smp.173e; so ἢ μ. Corn.ND20, Simp.in Ph.25.16; οὐχὶ μ. ἤ . . not so, but rather so... Th.2.87. 4 μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα more or less violent, Id.3.82. 5 οὐδὲν μ. none the more, ib.79; οὐδέν τι μ. Pl.Phd.87d; μηδέν τι μ. ἤ . . S.Aj.280. 6 μ. ἤ . . folld. by οὐ in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Th.3.36: preceded by another neg., Hdt.4.118, 5.94, 7.16. γ, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, τίδεῖ . . μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ . . ; X.HG6.3.15. 7 τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, a fortiori, Arist.Rh.1397b12. 8 παντὸς μ., v. πᾶς 111.4. III Sup. μάλιστα most of all, above all, Hom., etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί Od.21.353; μ. μὲν... ἔπειτα or ἔπειτα δέ... first and above all... next... S.OT647, cf. Ph.1285; μ. μὲν... δεύτερον δὲ . . Is.2.20; μ. μὲν... εἰ δὲ μὴ . . Hdt.8.22, Th.1.40, Pl.R.590d, D.20.25, etc.; τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι Id.21.152; μάλιστα μὲν... μᾶλλον μέντοι . . Pl.Smp.180b; μάλιστα... εἰ μὴ δ' . . S.Ph.617; δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, Hdt.3.53; τί μ.; what precisely? Pl.Grg.448d, cf. Men.80b, Smp.218c: c. gen. partit., μ. πάντων Hdt.2.37, Pl.Prt.327a, cf. Th. 4.86; τὸ μ. πάντων the supreme reality, Plot.5.5.11; τὸ μ. εἶναι the highest degree of being, Id.6.2.7. 1 strengthd., ὡς μ. certainly, A.Supp.294, Pl.R.460a, etc.; ὅσον μ. A.Pr.524; ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. Hdt.1.185; ὡς δύναμαι μ. Pl.R.367b; ὡς οἷόν τε μ. Id.Grg.510b; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. Id.Phdr.277a; ὅτι μ. δύνασαι Id.Sph.239b; μακρῷ μ. Hdt.1.171; πολλῷ μ. Paus.1.42.3; παντὸς μ. D.H.3.35, etc. 2 with the Art., ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, Hdt.1.20, 2.76, Th.6.104, 8.6, D.21.212: without ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. Hdt.2.147, cf.Th. 1.92, D.21.62; τά γε μ. Pl.Lg.794d; εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς if they were ever so true, D.18.95; εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες . . if (to put an extreme case) not some, but all... Id.20.2; εἰ . . δοκοίη τὰ μ. Id.18.21; ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], Hdt.7.118, cf. 3.8; τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως D.Ep.2.24. b ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Th.8.90, Pl.Smp.173b, etc.: with a Sup., ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος Ael.VH14.40; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. Procop.Arc.4. 3 added to a Sup. (v. μάλα 11.2, πλεῖστον) , ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος, Il.2.220, 24.334; μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα Hdt.2.76; μ. φίλτατος E.Hipp.1421: to a Comp. (?), μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο Th.4.55. 4 μάλιστα for μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης E.IA[1594]; μ. ἤ ἐμοί A.R.3.91. 5 with numerals, in round numbers, about, Th.3.29, 92, X.HG5.2.31, etc.; πεντήκοντα μάλιστα is 49 in Th.1.118; ἑκατοστὸς μ. 99th, Id.8.68; ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ about the middle, Hdt. 1.191, cf. 76; ἥμισυ μ. Th.1.93; μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας that they were about the middle of supper, Pl.Smp.175c; κου μ. Hdt.7.22; μ. πως Plb.2.41.13. 6 in answers, most certainly, Ar.Pl.827, etc.; μ. γε S.OT994, Ar.Nu.253; μ. πάντων Id.Av.1531; πάντων μ. Pl.Grg.453d; v. supr.1.4. (Orig. perh. fiercely, cf. μαλερός.)
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[Seite 86] 1) Positiv., sehr, gar sehr, heftig, stark, von Hom. an überall, am häufigsten – a) mit adj. u. adv. vrbdn, den Begriff derselben steigernd u. verstärkend, μίνυνθά περ, οὔτι μάλα δήν, Od. 22. 473, μάλα πολλά, sehr viel, osi bei Hom., μάλα μυρίοι, ganz unzählige, Od. 16, 121, μάλα πάντες, allesammt, alle ohne Ausnahme, Il. 13, 741. 22, 115 Od. 2, 306. 16, 286, πάγχυ μάλα u. μάλα πάγχυ, ganz u. gar, Il. 12, 165. 14, 143 Od. 14, 367 u. sonst, εὖ μάλα u. μάλ' εὖ, gar wohl, recht sehr, 22, 190. 23, 175, u. so auch in Prosa, προσέχων τὸν νοῦν εὖ μάλα, Plat. Soph. 233 d, εὖ μάλα ἤδη πρεσβύτην εἶναι, Parm. 127 b, u. sonst, immer noch verstärkend, gar sehr; auch in umgekehrter Stellung, μάλ' εὖ ἄμουσοι, Theaet. 156 a; μάλ' αὐτίκα, gleich auf der Stelle, sogleich, Od. 10, 111. 15, 424, wie αὐτίκα μάλα, Her. 7, 103; vgl. Plat. Prot. 318 b; εὖ εἴσει αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, Rep. I, 338 b; μάλ' αἰεί, immerfort, immerwährend, Il. 23, 717 Od. 7, 118; ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος, bis ganz zur Dämmerung, 18, 370; μάλ' ὧδε, ganz so, gerade so, 6, 258; ἄβληχρος μάλα τοῖος, so recht gelind, 11, 135; Σαρδάνιον μάλα τοῖον, so recht sardanisch, 20, 302; – μάλ' ἑτοῖμος, Pind. Ol. 4, 15; μάλα πολλοί, P. 9, 111; Tragg., μάλα μέγας κτύπος, Soph. O. C. 1462; in Prosa bei den Attikern sehr geläufig, μάλα γε ὀψὲ ἀφικόμενος, Plat. Prot. 310 c, μάλα μόγις, Theaet. 142 d, εἰ μὴ μάλα γέ τινες ὀλίγοι, sehr wenige, Rep. VII, 531 d. – Oft noch durch καί verstärkt, eigtl. undzwarsehr, καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως, Aesch. Prom. 730, δόξαι τ' ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλ' ὑπ' αἰθέρι σεμναί, Eum. 351; καὶ μάλ' ἀνδρικῶς, Plat. Phaedr. 265 a; καὶ μάλ' εἰκότως ὀκνεῖν, Rep. III, 413 c; auch καὶ πάνυ μάλα, Phaed. 80 c. Aehnlich μάλα τοι, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 46. – Seltener beim compar., μάλα πρότερος, weit früher, weit eher, Il. 10, 124. – Bei Wiederholungen wird des Nachdruckes wegen zu αὖ u. αὖθις noch μάλα gesetzt, ὤ μοι μάλ' αὖθις, Aesch. Ag. 1318; Soph. El. 1408; Eur. Hec. 1037; ὅρα, ὅρα μάλ' αὖθις, Aesch. Eum. 245; ὦ παῖ, παῖ μάλ' αὖθις, Ch. 643; auch ohne αὖθις so, Pers. 1045 οἲ μάλα καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ. – Auch zur Negation tritt es verstärkend hinzu, μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔπως, Il. 2, 241 Od. 5, 103, Her. 1, 93; οὐ μάλα τι, mit nichten, ἄρχεσθαι δ' ὑπ' ἄλλων οὐ μάλα ἐθέλειν ἐλέγετο, Xen. An. 2, 6, 15, vgl. Hell. 6, 1, 15. – b) bei Verbis seltener, φεῦγε μάλα, Il. 1, 173, μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει, 3, 25, σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ, 10, 108; μάλα τιμᾷ, Pind. I. 5, 63, μάλα θερμαίνει, Ol. 11, 91; μάλα βουλόμενος, sehr wünschend, Xen. Hell. 6, 5, 16, μάλα πολιορκεῖσθαι, 7, 1, 25. – Mit großem Nachdruck betheuernd ist Od. 4, 732 gesagt: εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ πυθόμην – τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν ἔμεινε, dann wahrlich wäre er geblieben, da wäre er gar sehr geblieben. – So steht es c) bes. im Anfang der Sätze, ἦ μάλα δή, Il. 5, 422. 18, 12 Od. 4, 169. 333. 777 u. öfter, auch ἦ δή που μάλα, Il. 21, 583, u. oft ἦ μάλα, 3, 204. 18, 18 u. sonst. – Daher in nachdrücklich bejahenden Antworten, allerdings, theils allein, theils mit dem Verbum, μάλα γε, Plat. Rep. VIII, 555 d, καὶ μάλα, Phaedr. 258 b, καὶ μάλ' ἐπαύσατο, Conv. 189 a, καὶ μάλα γε, Theaet. 148 c; μάλα τοι, Xen. Hem. 1, 2, 46. – d) mit εἰ vrbdn, εἰ μάλα, εἰ καὶ μάλα, καὶ εἰ μάλα, εἰ καὶ μάλα περ; mit dem ind., εἰ μάλα κάρτερός ἐσσι, wenn du sehr stark bist, was dir nicht bestritten wird, Il. 1, 178; häufig c. optat., wenn auch noch so sehr, wie sehr auch, wo die Sache als möglich zugestanden wird, εἰ μάλα μιν χόλος ἵκοι, wenn der Zorn ihn auch sehr, auch noch so sehr überkäme, Il. 17, 399 Od. 5, 485. 8, 139. 22, 13. So auch μάλα περ, cum partic., οὔτ' οὖν Τηλέμαχον μάλα περ πολύμυθον ἐόντα, οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπαζόμεθα, Od. 2, 200, obwohl er sehr, oder: wenn er auch nach so viel Worte macht, Il. 14, 58. 13, 317. 17, 710 u. sonst; eben so bei καὶ μάλα περ u. καίπερ μάλα, Il. 1, 217. 17, 571. In den meisten Fällen ist es auch hier zu einem adj. zu ziehen. – In Il. 10, 249, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε μήτε τι νείκει, lobe mich weder sehr, noch tadele mich, übersetzt man unnöthigerweise »zu sehr«, vgl. Od. 14, 464.
