χαλεπός: Difference between revisions
Οἷς μὲν δίδωσιν, οἷς δ' ἀφαιρεῖται τύχη → Fortuna multos spoliat, alios munerat → Den einen gibt, den andern aber nimmt das Glück
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|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">difficult</b> (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>341d</span>: opp. <b class="b3">ῥᾴδιος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1363a24</span>, in various relations): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> in reference to the feelings, <b class="b2">hard to bear, painful, grievous</b> (so freq. in Hom.), κεραυνός <span class="bibl">Il.14.417</span>; θύελλα <span class="bibl">21.335</span>; ἄνεμοι <span class="bibl">Od.12.286</span>; πόνος <span class="bibl">23.250</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλγος, πένθος</b>, <span class="bibl">2.193</span>, <span class="bibl">6.169</span>; γῆρας <span class="bibl">Il.8.103</span>; ἄλη <span class="bibl">Od.10.464</span>; χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>800</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα</b> <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.40</span>; χ. πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>166</span> (lyr.); δύα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>228</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα</b>] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1273</span> (anap.); συμφορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>768</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">νόσος, πλάνη</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>245e</span> (Comp.), etc.; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Th.3.26</span>; [<b class="b3">θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ</b>., of ill-fitting cuirasses, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.13</span>: <b class="b3">τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος</b> the <b class="b2">severity</b> of the wind, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.5.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ χ</b>. <b class="b2">hardships</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ τερπνά</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.23</span>, etc.; τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plot.5.9.14</span>: Comp., <b class="b2">more unpleasant</b>, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>6.202c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hard to do</b> or <b class="b2">deal with, difficult, irksome</b>, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>516</span> (anap.); cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span> (Sup.), etc.; <b class="b3">χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά</b> prov. ap.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>304e</span>, al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.; χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.9.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>299e</span>: c. inf. Act. or Med., <b class="b3">χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι</b>, = [[χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.482</span>; χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς <span class="bibl">20.131</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.10.305</span>; χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>386</span>; χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.72</span>; χ. προσπολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.51</span> (Comp.); <b class="b3">χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>, <span class="bibl">412b</span>, <span class="bibl">502c</span>; χ. πάσχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>49b</span> (Comp.): also c. inf. Pass., χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 3.94</span>, etc.; χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>212a8</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπόν [ἐστι</b>] c. inf., 'tis <b class="b2">hard, difficult</b> to do, <span class="bibl">Od.4.651</span>; c. acc. et inf., 'tis <b class="b2">difficult for</b> one to do... <span class="bibl">Il.16.620</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.313</span>: c. dat. et inf., <span class="bibl">Il.21.184</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.156</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">dangerous</b>, λιμένες <span class="bibl">19.189</span>; θάλασσα <span class="bibl">Th. 4.24</span>; χ. τὰ παρόντα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of ground, <b class="b2">difficult, rugged</b>, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη <span class="bibl">Th.4.9</span>; ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.5.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328e</span>; χ. . . καὶ προσάντης . . ὁδός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.56</span>; πρόσοδοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.3</span>; <b class="b3">πορεία</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.6.10</span>; <b class="b3">σταθμός</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.5.3</span>; <b class="b3">χωρίον -ώτατον</b> a place <b class="b2">most difficult to take</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">4.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern</b> (opp. <b class="b3">πρᾷος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>493b</span> (Sup.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1126a26</span>), <b class="b3">βασιλεύς, δαίμων</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.232</span>, <span class="bibl">19.201</span>; χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι <span class="bibl">8.575</span>; -ώτερος <b class="b2">a more bitter enemy</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>; <b class="b3">-ώτατοι</b> <b class="b2">most difficult to deal with, most dangerous</b> or <b class="b2">troublesome</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.21</span>; -ώτεροι πάροικοι <span class="bibl">Id.3.113</span>; χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα <span class="bibl">Men.18</span>: c. dat. pers., <b class="b2">cruel</b> or <b class="b2">harsh</b> towards one, <span class="bibl">Od.17.388</span>; τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν <span class="bibl">Th.8.1</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1328a8</span> (also πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.17</span>); ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις <span class="bibl">Theoc. 22.145</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ <span class="bibl">Il.2.245</span>, etc.; ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ. <span class="bibl">Od.17.395</span>; <b class="b3">χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.3.438</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.189</span>; φῆμις <span class="bibl">14.239</span>; μῆνις <span class="bibl">Il.5.178</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> esp. of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>107d</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.36</span>; also χ. ἀρχή <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>; τιμωρία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39c</span> (Comp.); νόμοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>372a</span> (Comp.), <span class="bibl">D.21.44</span>, <span class="bibl">35.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">savage, fierce</b>, κύνες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.23</span>; of bees, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>624b30</span> (Comp.); [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span> 274b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">ill-tempered, testy</b>, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>942</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.19.26</span>; ὀργὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.131</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί</b> with a <b class="b2">rough</b> hand, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1116</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of plants, <b class="b2">hurtful to the soil</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.9.3</span> (Sup.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-πῶς</b> <b class="b2">hardly, with difficulty</b>, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Il.7.424</span>; χ. δέ σ' ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν <span class="bibl">20.186</span>; χ. κε φύγοις κακόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>684</span>; χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>121</span> (anap.); χ. γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>; τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.18</span>, cf. 44; <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">μὴ χ</b>. without <b class="b2">much ado</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">7.81</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hardly, scarcely</b>, δοκέω . . χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.103</span>; χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται <span class="bibl">Lys.29.2</span>; χ. ἂν πείσαιμι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 84d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἔχει</b>, = [[χαλεπόν ἐστι]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.53</span>: c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 7.4.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">painfully, miserably</b>, -ώτερον ζῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579d</span>; ἐν τοῖς -ώτατα διῆγον <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">angrily, cruelly, harshly</b>, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.3.46</span>; ἀποκρίνασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.5.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>203</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>269b</span>; <b class="b3">χ. φέρειν τι</b> take it <b class="b2">ill</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330a</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span> 1.3.3</span>; ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.3.50</span>; also χ. φέρειν τινός <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>; also χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.δ; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.6.61</span>; of the laws (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1c</span>), χ. προστάττειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>925d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> freq. in the phrase <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν</b> to be <b class="b2">angry</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.16</span>, etc.; τινι <b class="b2">with</b> one, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>1.5.16</span>; πρὸς τοὺς λόγους <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.3</span>, cf. 51; <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι</b> <b class="b2">with</b> persons for a thing, <span class="bibl">D.20.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span>43</span>; χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας <span class="bibl">Isoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 7.5</span>; χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500b</span>; χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.79</span>; ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν</b>, also, to be <b class="b2">in a bad way</b>, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>176a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>.— Beside the regul. Comp.</gram> χαλεπώτερον (<span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>, <span class="bibl">7.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>94d</span>, etc.) we have <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> -ωτέρως <span class="bibl">Th.2.50</span>, <span class="bibl">8.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.7.1</span>: Sup. -ώτατα <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>, <span class="bibl">8.95</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579d</span>, etc.</span> | |Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">difficult</b> (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>341d</span>: opp. <b class="b3">ῥᾴδιος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1363a24</span>, in various relations): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> in reference to the feelings, <b class="b2">hard to bear, painful, grievous</b> (so freq. in Hom.), κεραυνός <span class="bibl">Il.14.417</span>; θύελλα <span class="bibl">21.335</span>; ἄνεμοι <span class="bibl">Od.12.286</span>; πόνος <span class="bibl">23.250</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλγος, πένθος</b>, <span class="bibl">2.193</span>, <span class="bibl">6.169</span>; γῆρας <span class="bibl">Il.8.103</span>; ἄλη <span class="bibl">Od.10.464</span>; χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>800</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα</b> <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.40</span>; χ. πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>166</span> (lyr.); δύα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>228</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα</b>] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1273</span> (anap.); συμφορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>768</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">νόσος, πλάνη</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>245e</span> (Comp.), etc.; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Th.3.26</span>; [<b class="b3">θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ</b>., of ill-fitting cuirasses, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.13</span>: <b class="b3">τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος</b> the <b class="b2">severity</b> of the wind, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.5.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ χ</b>. <b class="b2">hardships</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ τερπνά</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.23</span>, etc.; τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plot.5.9.14</span>: Comp., <b class="b2">more unpleasant</b>, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>6.202c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hard to do</b> or <b class="b2">deal with, difficult, irksome</b>, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>516</span> (anap.); cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span> (Sup.), etc.; <b class="b3">χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά</b> prov. ap.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>304e</span>, al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.; χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.9.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>299e</span>: c. inf. Act. or Med., <b class="b3">χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι</b>, = [[χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.482</span>; χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς <span class="bibl">20.131</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.10.305</span>; χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>386</span>; χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.72</span>; χ. προσπολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.51</span> (Comp.); <b class="b3">χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>, <span class="bibl">412b</span>, <span class="bibl">502c</span>; χ. πάσχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>49b</span> (Comp.): also c. inf. Pass., χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 3.94</span>, etc.; χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>212a8</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπόν [ἐστι</b>] c. inf., 'tis <b class="b2">hard, difficult</b> to do, <span class="bibl">Od.4.651</span>; c. acc. et inf., 'tis <b class="b2">difficult for</b> one to do... <span class="bibl">Il.16.620</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.313</span>: c. dat. et inf., <span class="bibl">Il.21.184</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.156</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">dangerous</b>, λιμένες <span class="bibl">19.189</span>; θάλασσα <span class="bibl">Th. 4.24</span>; χ. τὰ παρόντα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> of ground, <b class="b2">difficult, rugged</b>, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη <span class="bibl">Th.4.9</span>; ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.5.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328e</span>; χ. . . καὶ προσάντης . . ὁδός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.56</span>; πρόσοδοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.3</span>; <b class="b3">πορεία</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.6.10</span>; <b class="b3">σταθμός</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.5.3</span>; <b class="b3">χωρίον -ώτατον</b> a place <b class="b2">most difficult to take</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">4.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern</b> (opp. <b class="b3">πρᾷος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>493b</span> (Sup.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1126a26</span>), <b class="b3">βασιλεύς, δαίμων</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.232</span>, <span class="bibl">19.201</span>; χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι <span class="bibl">8.575</span>; -ώτερος <b class="b2">a more bitter enemy</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>; <b class="b3">-ώτατοι</b> <b class="b2">most difficult to deal with, most dangerous</b> or <b class="b2">troublesome</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.21</span>; -ώτεροι πάροικοι <span class="bibl">Id.3.113</span>; χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα <span class="bibl">Men.18</span>: c. dat. pers., <b class="b2">cruel</b> or <b class="b2">harsh</b> towards one, <span class="bibl">Od.17.388</span>; τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν <span class="bibl">Th.8.1</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1328a8</span> (also πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.17</span>); ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις <span class="bibl">Theoc. 22.145</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ <span class="bibl">Il.2.245</span>, etc.; ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ. <span class="bibl">Od.17.395</span>; <b class="b3">χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.3.438</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.189</span>; φῆμις <span class="bibl">14.239</span>; μῆνις <span class="bibl">Il.5.178</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> esp. of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>107d</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.36</span>; also χ. ἀρχή <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>; τιμωρία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39c</span> (Comp.); νόμοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>372a</span> (Comp.), <span class="bibl">D.21.44</span>, <span class="bibl">35.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">savage, fierce</b>, κύνες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.23</span>; of bees, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>624b30</span> (Comp.); [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span> 274b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">ill-tempered, testy</b>, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>942</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.19.26</span>; ὀργὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.131</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί</b> with a <b class="b2">rough</b> hand, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1116</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of plants, <b class="b2">hurtful to the soil</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.9.3</span> (Sup.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-πῶς</b> <b class="b2">hardly, with difficulty</b>, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Il.7.424</span>; χ. δέ σ' ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν <span class="bibl">20.186</span>; χ. κε φύγοις κακόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>684</span>; χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>121</span> (anap.); χ. γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>; τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.18</span>, cf. 44; <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">μὴ χ</b>. without <b class="b2">much ado</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">7.81</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hardly, scarcely</b>, δοκέω . . χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.103</span>; χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται <span class="bibl">Lys.29.2</span>; χ. ἂν πείσαιμι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 84d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἔχει</b>, = [[χαλεπόν ἐστι]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.53</span>: c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 7.4.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">painfully, miserably</b>, -ώτερον ζῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579d</span>; ἐν τοῖς -ώτατα διῆγον <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of persons, <b class="b2">angrily, cruelly, harshly</b>, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.3.46</span>; ἀποκρίνασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.5.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>203</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>269b</span>; <b class="b3">χ. φέρειν τι</b> take it <b class="b2">ill</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330a</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span> 1.3.3</span>; ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.3.50</span>; also χ. φέρειν τινός <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>; also χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.δ; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.6.61</span>; of the laws (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1c</span>), χ. προστάττειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>925d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> freq. in the phrase <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν</b> to be <b class="b2">angry</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.16</span>, etc.; τινι <b class="b2">with</b> one, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>1.5.16</span>; πρὸς τοὺς λόγους <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.3</span>, cf. 51; <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι</b> <b class="b2">with</b> persons for a thing, <span class="bibl">D.20.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span>43</span>; χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας <span class="bibl">Isoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 7.5</span>; χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500b</span>; χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.79</span>; ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἔχειν</b>, also, to be <b class="b2">in a bad way</b>, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>176a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>.— Beside the regul. Comp.</gram> χαλεπώτερον (<span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>, <span class="bibl">7.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>94d</span>, etc.) we have <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> -ωτέρως <span class="bibl">Th.2.50</span>, <span class="bibl">8.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.7.1</span>: Sup. -ώτατα <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>, <span class="bibl">8.95</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579d</span>, etc.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1327.png Seite 1327]] <b class="b2">schwer</b>, a) lästig, drückend, auch unangenehm, widrig, schädlich, übel; Hom. [[κεραυνός]] Il. 14, 417, ἄνεμοι Od. 12, 286, [[θύελλα]] Il. 21, 335, [[δεσμός]] 5, 391, [[πόνος]] Od. 23, 250, [[γῆρας]] Il. 8, 103, [[πένθος]] Od. 6, 169, [[ἄλγος]] 2, 193, ἄεθλοι 11, 622, χαλεπώτερον ἄλλον [[ἄεθλον]] 11, 624, ἄλη 10, 464; τὰ χαλεπά, Drangsal, Mühsal, Noth, Gefahr, Unglück; δύη Aesch. Spt. 210; χαλεποῦ γὰρ ἐκπνεύματος εἶσι [[χειμών]] Suppl. 171; Soph. Trach. 1263; μόχθοι Eur. El. 1252; [[συμφορά]] Hipp. 767, u. öfter; καὶ [[ἐπίπονος]] Plat. Rep. II, 364 a; καὶ δεινὸν [[πάθος]] Polit. 308 a; [[τιμωρία]] πολὺ χαλεπωτέρα Apol. 39 c; τὸ χαλεπὸν τοῦ πνεύματος, die Heftigkeit des Windes, Xen. An. 4, 5,4; χαλεπὰ ἦν πάντα Cyr. 4, 1,8; ἡ ἐςβολὴ αὕτη χαλεπωτάτη ἐγένετο τοῖς Αθηναίοις Thuc. 3, 26; auch μῦθοι, Od. 17, 395, u. oft ἔπεα; auch χαλεπῷ [[ἠνίπαπε]] μύθῳ, mit hartem Schelt- oder Schmähwort, Il. 2, 245. 17, 141; so ὀνείδεα 3, 438; ὁμοκλαί Od. 17, 189; χαλεπὴ [[φῆμις]] ist üble Nachrede, böser Leumund, Od. 14, 239. 24, 201; einzeln auch bei Sp.; vom Menschen, mit dem schwer umzugehen ist, verdrießlich, unwillig, auch hart, feindlich, böse, im Ggstz von ἀγανὸς καὶ [[ἤπιος]], Od. 2, 232. 5, 10; χαλεποὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἔχουσιν, ἄγριοι 1, 198; 8, 575 χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι, οὐδὲ δίκαιοι; τινί, gegen Einen, ἀλλ' αἰεὶ χαλεπὸς εἶς δμωσὶν Ὀδυσσῆος 17, 338; vgl. noch χαλεπὸς δέ τις [[ὤρορε]] [[δαίμων]] 19, 201; θεοῦ [[μῆνις]] Il. 5, 178, vgl. 12, 624; καὶ [[δύσκολος]] Ar. Vesp. 942; Andoc. 4, 36 sagt vom Alcibiades οὕτω [[χαλεπός]] ἐστιν, ὥςτε οὐ περὶ τῶν παρεληλυθότων ἀδικημάτων αὐτὸν τιμωροῦνται, ἀλλ' [[ὑπέρ]] τῶν μελλόντων φοβοῦνται; so auch Plat. κριταί Critia. 107 d; Ggstz von πρᾷος, Rep. II, 375 c; [[ἐχθρός]] Xen. An. 1, 3,12; auch von Hunden, 5, 8,24. – b) schwer, schwierig auszuführen, was mit Mühe, Anstrengung od. Gefahr für den, der es unternimmt, verbunden ist, χαλεπόν σε πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι [[μένος]] Il. 16, 620, vgl. Od. 20, 313. 23, 81; χαλεπὸν γάρ Il. 19, 80; χαλεπόν τοι Κρονίωνος παισὶν ἐριζέμεναι 21, 184; u. so mit dem inf. auch Od. 4, 651. 11, 156 u. sonst; χαλεπὰ [[ἔρις]] ἀντιάσαι Pind. N. 10, 72; χαλεπὸν [[ἔργον]] Ar. Lys. 1112; τραχεῖα καὶ χαλεπὴ [[ὁδός]] Plat. Rep. I, 328 e; χαλεπὸς προσπολεμεῖν ὁ [[βασιλεύς]] Isocr. 4, 138; ἀλλ' οὐ χαλεπόν, das ist ja nicht schwer, Plat. Parm. 126 c; χαλεπὸν ἤρου καὶ παντάπασιν ἄπορον Soph. 237 c; χαλεποὶ ξυγγενέσθαι εἰσίν Rep. I, 330 c, vgl. Phaedr. 275 b; ο ὐκέτι χαλεπὰ [[εὑρεῖν]] Rep. III, 412 b; ἡ ἐςβολὴ χαλεπωτάτη ἐγένετο τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις Thuc. 3, 26; χαλεπὸς τρέφειν Xen. Cyr. 1, 3,3, u. oft. – Adv. χαλεπῶς, schwer, schwierig; [[ἔνθα]] διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il. 7, 424; χαλεπῶς δέ σ' [[ἔολπα]] τὸ ῥέξειν 20, 186; Hes. O. 686; – χαλεπῶς ἔχειν, sich übel befinden, ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, ὑπὸ πότου, Plat. Theaet. 142 b Conv. 176 a; schwer sein, Thuc. 3, 53 u. A.; – χαλεπῶς ἔχειν τινί, auf Einen aufgebracht, zornig sein, Xen. An. 6, 2,16. 7, 5,16, wie Plut. T. Graech. 21; ἐπί τινι, über Etwas, Dem. 20, 135 u. A.; auch ἔν τινι, Plut. Timol. 11; – χαλεπῶς φέρειν τι, Etwas übel aufnehmen, graviter ferre, Plat. Conv. 706 d Rep. I, 330 a; Thuc. 2, 16; auch χαλεπωτέρως, 2, 50. 8, 40. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ή, όν,
A difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται Pl.Prt.341d: opp. ῥᾴδιος, Arist.Rh.1363a24, in various relations): I in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so freq. in Hom.), κεραυνός Il.14.417; θύελλα 21.335; ἄνεμοι Od.12.286; πόνος 23.250; ἄλγος, πένθος, 2.193, 6.169; γῆρας Il.8.103; ἄλη Od.10.464; χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος Hes.Th.800; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα Hdt.6.40; χ. πνεῦμα A.Supp.166 (lyr.); δύα Id.Th.228 (lyr.); χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα] S.Tr.1273 (anap.); συμφορά E.Hipp.768 (lyr.); νόσος, πλάνη, etc., X.Smp.4.37, Pl.Sph.245e (Comp.), etc.; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο Th.3.26; [θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, X.Mem.3.10.13: τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος the severity of the wind, Id.An.4.5.4; τὰ χ. hardships, opp. τὰ τερπνά, Id.Mem.2.1.23, etc.; τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις Pi.Fr. 131, cf. Plot.5.9.14: Comp., more unpleasant, Jul.Or.6.202c. 2 hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων Ar.Eq.516 (anap.); cf. Th.3.59 (Sup.), etc.; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά prov. ap.Pl.Hp.Ma.304e, al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.; χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος X.Mem.2.9.1, cf. Pl.Plt.299e: c. inf. Act. or Med., χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι, Il.21.482; χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς 20.131; χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ] Od.10.305; χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός Hes.Sc.386; χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων Pi.N.10.72; χ. προσπολεμεῖν Isoc.4.138, cf. Th.7.51 (Comp.); χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, Pl.R.330c, 412b, 502c; χ. πάσχειν Id.Cri.49b (Comp.): also c. inf. Pass., χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι Antipho 2.1.1, cf. Th. 3.94, etc.; χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος Arist.Ph.212a8; χαλεπόν [ἐστι] c. inf., 'tis hard, difficult to do, Od.4.651; c. acc. et inf., 'tis difficult for one to do... Il.16.620, Od.20.313: c. dat. et inf., Il.21.184, Od.11.156. 3 dangerous, λιμένες 19.189; θάλασσα Th. 4.24; χ. τὰ παρόντα X.An.3.2.2. 4 of ground, difficult, rugged, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη Th.4.9; ὁδός Id.5.58, Pl.R.328e; χ. . . καὶ προσάντης . . ὁδός ἐστιν Anaxandr.56; πρόσοδοι X.An.5.2.3; πορεία ib.5.6.10; σταθμός ib.4.5.3; χωρίον -ώτατον a place most difficult to take, ib.4.8.2. II of persons, hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opp. πρᾷος, Pl.R.493b (Sup.), Arist.EN1126a26), βασιλεύς, δαίμων, Od.2.232, 19.201; χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι 8.575; -ώτερος a more bitter enemy, Th.3.40; -ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, ib.42, cf. 7.21; -ώτεροι πάροικοι Id.3.113; χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα Men.18: c. dat. pers., cruel or harsh towards one, Od.17.388; τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν Th.8.1, etc.; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Pl.R.375c, Arist.Pol.1328a8 (also πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους X.Cyn.5.17); ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις Theoc. 22.145. b of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ Il.2.245, etc.; ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ. Od.17.395; χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί, Il.3.438, Od.17.189; φῆμις 14.239; μῆνις Il.5.178. c esp. of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. Hdt. 1.100, cf. Pl.Criti.107d, And.4.36; also χ. ἀρχή Th.1.77; τιμωρία Pl.Ap.39c (Comp.); νόμοι Id.Hp.Mi.372a (Comp.), D.21.44, 35.50. d savage, fierce, κύνες X.An.5.8.24, Cyn.10.23; of bees, Arist.HA624b30 (Comp.); [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις Pl.Plt. 274b. 2 ill-tempered, testy, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος Ar.V.942, cf. Isoc.19.26; ὀργὴν χ. Hdt.3.131; χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί with a rough hand, Ar.Lys.1116. 3 of plants, hurtful to the soil, Thphr.HP8.9.3 (Sup.). B Adv. -πῶς hardly, with difficulty, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424; χ. δέ σ' ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν 20.186; χ. κε φύγοις κακόν Hes.Op.684; χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν E.Med.121 (anap.); χ. γνῶναι Antipho 3.2.1; τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν Isoc.1.18, cf. 44; οὐ or μὴ χ. without much ado, Th.1.2, 7.81, etc. 2 hardly, scarcely, δοκέω . . χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι Hdt.7.103; χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται Lys.29.2; χ. ἂν πείσαιμι Pl.Phd. 84d. 3 χ. ἔχει, = χαλεπόν ἐστι, Th.3.53: c. acc. et inf., X.HG 7.4.6. 4 painfully, miserably, -ώτερον ζῆν Pl.R.579d; ἐν τοῖς -ώτατα διῆγον Th.7.71. II of persons, angrily, cruelly, harshly, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι Id.3.46; ἀποκρίνασθαι Id.5.42, cf. E.Hipp.203 (anap.), Ar.Pl.60, Pl.Phdr.269b; χ. φέρειν τι take it ill, Th.2.16, Pl.R.330a, etc.; also χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, X.HG5.1.29, An. 1.3.3; ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ Id.HG7.4.21, cf. D.H.3.50; also χ. φέρειν τινός Th.2.62; also χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός Hdt.2.121.δ; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος Th.6.61; of the laws (cf. supr. 11.1c), χ. προστάττειν Pl.Lg.925d. 2 freq. in the phrase χ. ἔχειν to be angry, X.An.6.4.16, etc.; τινι with one, Id.HG1.5.16; πρὸς τοὺς λόγους Isoc.3.3, cf. 51; χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι with persons for a thing, D.20.135, cf. Plu.Cic.43; χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας Isoc.Ep. 7.5; χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι Pl.R.500b; χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν Isoc.8.79; ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς Plu.Per.36. b χ. ἔχειν, also, to be in a bad way, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου Pl.Smp.176a, cf. Tht.142b.— Beside the regul. Comp.</gram> χαλεπώτερον (Th.1.77, 7.50, Pl.Phd.94d, etc.) we have
A -ωτέρως Th.2.50, 8.40, Thphr.HP6.7.1: Sup. -ώτατα Th.7.71, 8.95, Pl.R.579d, etc.
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[Seite 1327] schwer, a) lästig, drückend, auch unangenehm, widrig, schädlich, übel; Hom. κεραυνός Il. 14, 417, ἄνεμοι Od. 12, 286, θύελλα Il. 21, 335, δεσμός 5, 391, πόνος Od. 23, 250, γῆρας Il. 8, 103, πένθος Od. 6, 169, ἄλγος 2, 193, ἄεθλοι 11, 622, χαλεπώτερον ἄλλον ἄεθλον 11, 624, ἄλη 10, 464; τὰ χαλεπά, Drangsal, Mühsal, Noth, Gefahr, Unglück; δύη Aesch. Spt. 210; χαλεποῦ γὰρ ἐκπνεύματος εἶσι χειμών Suppl. 171; Soph. Trach. 1263; μόχθοι Eur. El. 1252; συμφορά Hipp. 767, u. öfter; καὶ ἐπίπονος Plat. Rep. II, 364 a; καὶ δεινὸν πάθος Polit. 308 a; τιμωρία πολὺ χαλεπωτέρα Apol. 39 c; τὸ χαλεπὸν τοῦ πνεύματος, die Heftigkeit des Windes, Xen. An. 4, 5,4; χαλεπὰ ἦν πάντα Cyr. 4, 1,8; ἡ ἐςβολὴ αὕτη χαλεπωτάτη ἐγένετο τοῖς Αθηναίοις Thuc. 3, 26; auch μῦθοι, Od. 17, 395, u. oft ἔπεα; auch χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ, mit hartem Schelt- oder Schmähwort, Il. 2, 245. 17, 141; so ὀνείδεα 3, 438; ὁμοκλαί Od. 17, 189; χαλεπὴ φῆμις ist üble Nachrede, böser Leumund, Od. 14, 239. 24, 201; einzeln auch bei Sp.; vom Menschen, mit dem schwer umzugehen ist, verdrießlich, unwillig, auch hart, feindlich, böse, im Ggstz von ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος, Od. 2, 232. 5, 10; χαλεποὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἔχουσιν, ἄγριοι 1, 198; 8, 575 χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι, οὐδὲ δίκαιοι; τινί, gegen Einen, ἀλλ' αἰεὶ χαλεπὸς εἶς δμωσὶν Ὀδυσσῆος 17, 338; vgl. noch χαλεπὸς δέ τις ὤρορε δαίμων 19, 201; θεοῦ μῆνις Il. 5, 178, vgl. 12, 624; καὶ δύσκολος Ar. Vesp. 942; Andoc. 4, 36 sagt vom Alcibiades οὕτω χαλεπός ἐστιν, ὥςτε οὐ περὶ τῶν παρεληλυθότων ἀδικημάτων αὐτὸν τιμωροῦνται, ἀλλ' ὑπέρ τῶν μελλόντων φοβοῦνται; so auch Plat. κριταί Critia. 107 d; Ggstz von πρᾷος, Rep. II, 375 c; ἐχθρός Xen. An. 1, 3,12; auch von Hunden, 5, 8,24. – b) schwer, schwierig auszuführen, was mit Mühe, Anstrengung od. Gefahr für den, der es unternimmt, verbunden ist, χαλεπόν σε πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος Il. 16, 620, vgl. Od. 20, 313. 23, 81; χαλεπὸν γάρ Il. 19, 80; χαλεπόν τοι Κρονίωνος παισὶν ἐριζέμεναι 21, 184; u. so mit dem inf. auch Od. 4, 651. 11, 156 u. sonst; χαλεπὰ ἔρις ἀντιάσαι Pind. N. 10, 72; χαλεπὸν ἔργον Ar. Lys. 1112; τραχεῖα καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός Plat. Rep. I, 328 e; χαλεπὸς προσπολεμεῖν ὁ βασιλεύς Isocr. 4, 138; ἀλλ' οὐ χαλεπόν, das ist ja nicht schwer, Plat. Parm. 126 c; χαλεπὸν ἤρου καὶ παντάπασιν ἄπορον Soph. 237 c; χαλεποὶ ξυγγενέσθαι εἰσίν Rep. I, 330 c, vgl. Phaedr. 275 b; ο ὐκέτι χαλεπὰ εὑρεῖν Rep. III, 412 b; ἡ ἐςβολὴ χαλεπωτάτη ἐγένετο τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις Thuc. 3, 26; χαλεπὸς τρέφειν Xen. Cyr. 1, 3,3, u. oft. – Adv. χαλεπῶς, schwer, schwierig; ἔνθα διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il. 7, 424; χαλεπῶς δέ σ' ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν 20, 186; Hes. O. 686; – χαλεπῶς ἔχειν, sich übel befinden, ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, ὑπὸ πότου, Plat. Theaet. 142 b Conv. 176 a; schwer sein, Thuc. 3, 53 u. A.; – χαλεπῶς ἔχειν τινί, auf Einen aufgebracht, zornig sein, Xen. An. 6, 2,16. 7, 5,16, wie Plut. T. Graech. 21; ἐπί τινι, über Etwas, Dem. 20, 135 u. A.; auch ἔν τινι, Plut. Timol. 11; – χαλεπῶς φέρειν τι, Etwas übel aufnehmen, graviter ferre, Plat. Conv. 706 d Rep. I, 330 a; Thuc. 2, 16; auch χαλεπωτέρως, 2, 50. 8, 40.
