excuso

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

ex-cūso: (excuss-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. causa; cf. accuso, from ad-causa; qs. to release from a charge, to free from blame; hence,
I to excuse a person or thing.
I Lit.
   (a)    With a personal object, aliquem alicui: Atticae meae velim me ita excuses, ut omnem culpam in te transferas, Cic. Att. 15, 28; cf.: aliquem alicui per litteras, id. Fam. 11, 15, 1; and: his omnibus me vehementer excusatum volo, id. Verr. 2, 1, 40, § 103.—With quod: Titium excusavit Vespa Terentius, quod eum brachium fregisse diceret, id. de Or. 2, 62, 253: Libo excusat Bibulum, quod is, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 16, 3: primum me tibi excuso in eo ipso, in quo te accuso, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1: se de aliqua re, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1: de me excusando apud Apuleium, dederam ad te litteras, Cic. Att. 12, 14, 1: se alicui, Plaut. As. 4, 2, 4; Quint. 4, 1, 75 et saep.—In pass.: cura, ut excuser morbi causa in dies singulos, Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2: si citatus judex non responderit excuseturque Areopagites esse, etc., excuses himself as being, etc., id. Phil. 5, 5, 14: dixi, cur excusatus abirem, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 7: apud Appuleium in dies ut excuser videbis, Cic. Att. 12, 15, 1: me excusatum esse apud Appuleium a Laterense, id. ib. 12, 17, 1.—
   (b)    With inanim. or abstr. objects, to excuse, apologize for: Varroni memineris excusare tarditatem litterarum mearum, Cic. Att. 15, 26 fin.: habitum permutatum, Quint. 3, 7, 6: palliolum, fascias, etc. (sola valetudo), id. 11, 3, 144: commentarios, id. 10, 7, 31: missos ignes, Ov. M. 2, 397; dolorem, id. ib. 4, 256: toros, Stat. Th. 2, 256: reditum Agrippinae ob imminentem partum et hiemem, her not returning, Tac. A. 1, 44.
II Transf.
   A Aliquid (alicui), i. q. se propter aliquid, to allege in excuse, to plead as an excuse, to excuse one's self with.
   (a)    With acc.: propinquitatem excusavit, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 1: morbum, id. ib. 9, 4, 8: inopiam (with calamitatem queri), Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3: valetudinem, Liv. 6, 22 fin.: imbecillitatem, Suet. Tib. 6: vires, Ov. M. 14, 462: diversa, Tac. A. 3, 11 et saep.: ille Philippo Excusare laborem et mercenaria vincla, Quod non mane domum venisset, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 67: dictatorem se apud patres excusare solitum, Liv. 6, 39, 4: aliquid apud aliquem, Curt. 5, 10, 8; Suet. Tib. 68.—Pass.: quae apud Vitellium excusanda erant, Tac. H. 2, 85: excusata necessitas praesentium, id. ib. 1, 78: excusata rei familiaris mediocritate, Suet. Aug. 101: excusatus languor faucium, propter quem non adesset, id. Ner. 41 et saep.—
   (b)    With an object-clause: si prehensi sumus, excusemus, ebrios Nos fecisse, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 19 (but in id. Merc. 2, 3, 126, the correct reading is incusato, v. Ritschl ad h. l.): excusanti, minus datum ad occultandam facinoris invidiam, Suet. Ner. 33; id. Aug. 69.—
   B Aliquem ab aliqua re, aliqua re, or alicui rei, to excuse, absolve one from any thing; to discharge, dispense with one (postAug.): a coepta (tutela) excusari, Dig. 27, 1, 11: collegarum filiorum tutela excusari, ib. 9; cf. Ambros. in Psa. 1, § 46: cui excusari mallet, Tac. A. 1. 12; Vulg. Luc. 14, 19. But (class.): se de aliqua re: legati venerunt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, quod, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1.—
   C Se ab aliqua re, to shelter, protect one's self from any thing (post-class.): ut invicom se a calore excusent (plantae), Pall. Nov. 7, 2. —Hence,
   D Aliquid aliqua re, to compensate, atone for any thing (post-Aug. and rare): nefas armis, Claud. de Bell. Get. 562; Stat. Th. 6, 44; Plin. Pan. 32, 4.—Hence, excūsātus, a, um, P. a., excused (postAug. and rare): hoc et ego excusatior, si forte sum lapsus, et tu dignior laude, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 11; 4, 5, 4: excusatissimus essem, etiamsi, etc., Sen. Const. Sap. 29.—Adv.: excūsātē, without blame, excusably: fieri id videtur excusate, Quint. 2, 1, 13.—Comp.: quod exoratus excusatius facies, Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 3; Tac. A. 3, 68; Just. 32, 2.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

excūsō,⁹ āvī, ātum, āre (ex et causa), tr.,
1 excuser, justifier, disculper : aliquem apud aliquem ou aliquem alicui Cic. Fam. 11, 15, 1 ; Att. 15, 28 ; 12, 14, 1 ; 12, 15, 1 ; 12, 17, excuser qqn auprès de qqn ; his omnibus me excusatum volo Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 103, je désire qu’eux tous m’excusent ; alicui tarditatem litterarum Cic. Att. 15, 26, 5, excuser auprès de qqn la lenteur d’une réponse ; se excusare de aliqua re Cæs. G. 4, 22, 1, s’excuser de qqch. ; aliquem, quod is... erat Cæs. C. 3, 16, 3, excuser qqn en disant qu’il était...; me tibi excuso in eo ipso, in quo te accuso Cic. Q. 2, 2, 1, je m’excuse auprès de toi de ce dont précisément je t’accuse || [pass.] cura, ut excuser morbi causa Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2, aie soin qu’on m’excuse pour raison de santé ; excusatur Areopagites esse Cic. Phil. 5, 14, il s’excuse sur ce qu’il est aréopagite (en alléguant que...), cf. Liv. 3, 13, 9 ; 43, 2, 10 || [fig.] justifier, compenser, contrebalancer, aliquid aliqua re, qqch. par qqch. : Plin. Min. Pan. 32, 4 ; Stat. Th. 6, 44
2 alléguer comme excuse : inopiam Cæs. C. 3, 20, 3, donner la pauvreté pour excuse, alléguer la pauvreté pour se justifier, cf. Cic. Phil. 8, 1 ; 9, 8 || [avec prop. inf.] : Pl. Aul. 749 ; Suet. Aug. 69 ; Nero 33
3 décliner avec excuses, s’excuser de ne pas faire qqch. : reditum Agrippinæ excusavit ob imminentem partum Tac. Ann. 1, 44, il s’excusa de ne pas faire revenir Agrippine, parce qu’elle était près d’accoucher || [pass.] excusari, se dérober en s’excusant (alicui rei, à qqch.) : Tac. Ann. 1, 12 || excusari aliqua re, ab aliqua re Ulp. Dig. 27, 1, 9 ; Paul. Dig. 27, 1, 11, être dispensé, exempté de qqch.