γναθμός

English (LSJ)

ὁ, jaw, poet. form of sq., Il.17.617, al.: also in plural, Od. 18.29; γναθμοῖς ἀδήλοις φαρμάκων E.Med.1201; for ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν, v. ἀλλότριος; also γναθμόν· τομώτατον καὶ αἱρετικώτατον, Hsch.

Spanish (DGE)

-οῦ, ὁ
1 mandíbula τὸν βάλ' ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος Il.13.671, παραστὰς γναθμὸν δεξιτερόν Il.16.405, en plu. γναθμοὶ δὲ τάνυσθεν Od.16.175, πάντας ὀδόντας γναθμῶν ἐξελάσαιμι Od.18.29
•fig. οἱ δ' ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελώων ἀλλοτρίοισιν reían ya con mandíbulas ajenas, e.e. con risa forzada, Od.20.347.
2 el mandíbulas n. dado por los pescadores al esturión, Euthydemus SHell.455.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ (ὁ) :
mâchoire (poét. c. γνάθος).

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

γναθμός -οῦ, ὁ poët. voor γνάθος, kaak.

German (Pape)

ὁ, Kinnbacken; Hom. Il. 13.671, 16.405, 606, 17.617, Od. 16.175, 18.29, 20.347; einzeln bei a. D., wie Eur. Hipp. 1223. S. ἀλλότριος.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

γναθμός: ὁ Hom., Eur. = γνάθος 1.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: jaw (Hom.)
Other forms: γνάθος m. (Hp.). Note γναμφαί H. (acc. to LSJ, but not in Latte)
Derivatives: PN of a parasite Γνάθων, with Γναθώνειος, Γναθωνίδης, Γναθωνάριον (Plu.). Denom. γναθόω hit the jaw (Phryn. Com.).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: γναθμός from γνάθος after λαιμός, βρεχμός, ὀφθαλμός. - Always compared with Lith. žándas id., Latv. zuôds chin, sharp side; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following d (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform *gn̥h₂dʰ- would have given *γναθος, *gn̥h₂edʰ- *γαναθος; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can -να- be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with γένυς is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian κάναδοι σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for *κναδοι? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with κνώδων, κνώδαλον.

Middle Liddell

the jaw, poet. form of γνάθος, Hom.; also in plural, Od.: metaph., γναθμοὶ φαρμάκων the gnawing of poison, Eur.; for ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι, v. ἀλλότριος.

English (Autenrieth)

jaw, cheek; for Od. 20.347, see ἀλλότριος.

Greek Monolingual

γναθμός, ο (Α)
σαγόνι.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Πρόκειται για παράλληλο τ. του γνάθος και απαντά στην ποίηση. Ανάγεται σε IE gon∂dh- < ĝenu- «πιγούνι» + επίθημα -μος, πιθ. αναλογικά προς τα λαιμός, βρεχμός, οφθαλμός].

Greek Monotonic

γναθμός: ὁ, σαγόνι, ποιητ. τύπος του γνάθος, σε Όμηρ.· επίσης στον πληθ., σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· μεταφ., γναθμοὶ φαρμάκων, το «δάγκωμα» του δηλητηρίου, σε Ευρ.· για το ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν, βλ. ἀλλότριος.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

γναθμός: ὁ, ἡ σιαγών· ποιητ. τύπος τοῦ γνάθος, Ὅμ.· ὡσαύτως κατὰ πληθ., Ὀδ. Σ. 29· γναθμοῖς ἀδήλοις φαρμάκων Εὐρ. Μηδ. 1201· περὶ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν, ἴδε ἐν λ. ἀλλότριος.

Frisk Etymology German

γναθμός: {gnathmós}
Forms: γνάθος m. (ion. att.)
Grammar: m. (Hom., E.),
Meaning: Kinnbacken, Backen.
Derivative: Davon der Parasitenname Γνάθων mit Γναθώνειος, Γναθωνίδης und Γναθωνάριον (Plu., Luk., Longus). Denominatives Verb γναθόω an den Backen schlagen (Phryn. Kom.).
Etymology: γναθμός ist eine Umbildung von γνάθος nach den bedeutungsverwandten λαιμός, βρεχμός, ὀφθαλμός u. a. — Zu γνάθος stimmt bis auf den Ablaut lit. žándas Kinnbacken, lett. zuôds Kinn, scharfe Kante; die lit. Akzentuierung verrät eine zweisilbige Wurzel, die in γνάθος in reduzierter Form vorliegt. Weitere Beziehung zu γένυς ist glaubhaft. Auch κάναδοι· σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. wird von Hoffmann Makedonen 52 als makedonisch herangezogen; es kann aber ebensogut zu κνώδων, κνώδαλον gehören, s. Specht KZ 59, 113 A. 1, v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 13 A. 1 (S. 14). — Spechts Analyse von γνάθος (Ursprung 87 und 254) bedeutet keinen Fortschritt.
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Translations

Abkhaz: ацламҳәа; Afrikaans: kaak; Albanian: nofull; Amharic: መንጋጋ, አገጭ; Apache Western Apache: biyedaa'; Arabic: فَكّ‎; Hijazi Arabic: فَكّ‎; Armenian: ծնոտ; Old Armenian: ծնօտ; Aromanian: falcã, ciolj; Ashkun: ālikarīk; Asturian: calláxina; Azerbaijani: çənə; Bashkir: яңаҡ; Belarusian: скі́віца, чэлюсць; Bengali: চোয়াল; Bulgarian: челюст; Burmese: ပါးချိတ်ရိုး, မေး, ပါးသွယ်; Catalan: mandíbula, maixella; Cebuano: apapangig, alungaing; Chinese Mandarin: 顎, 颚, 下顎, 下颚, 頜, 颌; Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲛϫϥ; Czech: čelist; Danish: kæbe; Dutch: kaak; Ese: sanoa; Esperanto: makzelo; Estonian: lõug, lõualuu; Faroese: kjálkabein, høka; Finnish: leukaluu, leuka; French: mâchoire; Friulian: massele, mašele; Galician: caixal, queixada, marmelo; Georgian: ყბა; German: Kiefer, Unterkiefer, Oberkiefer, Kinnbacke; Greek: σαγόνι; Ancient Greek: σιαγών; Guaraní: tañykã; Haitian Creole: machwè; Hawaiian: ā; Hebrew: לֶסֶת‎; Hindi: जबड़ा; Hungarian: állkapocs; Icelandic: kjálki; Ido: mashelo; Indonesian: rahang; Irish: giall; Italian: mascella, ganascia, mandibola; Japanese: 顎; Javanese: uwang; Kamkata-vari: āřkali, āakali; Kazakh: жақ; Khmer: ឆ្អឹងថ្គាម, ថ្គាម; Korean: 턱; Kyrgyz: жаак; Lao: ຄາງ, ຄາງກະໄຕ, ຫະນຸ; Latgalian: žūklis; Latin: maxilla; Latvian: žoklis; Lithuanian: žandikaulis; Macedonian: вилица, челуст; Malay: rahang; Maltese: xedaq; Middle English: cheke; Mongolian: эрүү; Navajo: ayaatsʼiin; Norman: mâchouaithe; Norwegian: kjeve; Occitan: maissa, mandibula, cais; Ojibwe: indaamikan; Old Javanese: wĕhaṅ; Ossetian: ӕфсӕр; Ottoman Turkish: چكه‎, فك‎, اڭك‎, زنخدان‎; Pashto: زامه‎; Persian: فک‎, آرواره‎, منه‎; Plautdietsch: Kjeew; Polish: żuchwa, szczęka, czeluść; Portuguese: mandíbula; Prasuni: āgeli; Romanian: mandibulă, mandibule, falcă, maxilar; Russian: челюсть; Sardinian: massidda, mansidda, massidha, mansidha; Scottish Gaelic: giall; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: вилица, чељуст; Roman: vilica, čeljust; Sicilian: mascidda; Slovak: čeľusť; Slovene: čeljust; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: crjono; Spanish: quijada, mandíbula; Swedish: käke; Tagalog: panga; Tajik: ҷоғ; Taos: ȍdénemą; Thai: คาง, ขากรรไกร; Turkish: çene; Turkmen: eňek, äň; Ukrainian: щелепа; Urdu: جبڑا‎; Uyghur: جاغ‎; Uzbek: jag'; Venetian: maseła, masela; Vietnamese: hàm, quai hàm, xương hàm; Volapük: maxül, donamaxül, löpamaxül; Waigali: alikir; West Frisian: kaak, kake, tsjeak; Yakut: сыҥаах; Zhuang: hwk