Καφαρναούμ

English (Thayer)

Καπερναούμ or more correctly (with L T Tr WH (cf. WH s Appendix, p. 160; Scrivener, Introduction, p. 561)) Καφαρναούμ (כָּפָר a village, and נָחוּם consolation; hence 'the village of consolation,' (others, 'village of Nachum' (a proper name)); Καπαρναούμ, Ptolemy, 5,16, 4), ἡ, Capernaum or Capharnaum, a flourishing city of Galilee ( Matthew 11:23; Luke 10:15), situated on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee or Lake of Gennesaret ( John 6:17,24; hence ἡ παραθαλασσια, Matthew 4:13), near the place where the Jordan flows into the lake. Being nowhere mentioned in the O. T. it seems to have been built after the exile (cf. also B. D. under the word ). Josephus mentions (b. j. 3,10, 8) a fountain in Galilee called by the neighboring residents Καφαρναούμ, and (vita 72) 'κώμην Κεφαρνωμην', and it is quite probable that he meant the town we are speaking of. It is mentioned in the N. T. (besides the passage already cited) in Matthew 8:5; Matthew 17:24; Mark 1:21; Mark 2:1; Mark 9:33; Luke 4:23,31; Luke 7:1; John 2:12; John 4:46; John 6:59. Cf. Winer s RWB under the word; Vaihinger in Herzog vii. 369; Furrer in Schenkel iii. 493 f; (the last named writing gives at length (see also Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. Palaest.-Vereins for 1879, p. 63ff) his reasons for preferring (contra Robinson, Sepp, etc.) to identify C. with Tell Hum; so (after earlier writings; cf. Arnaud, p. 414), Winer as above, Dr. Wilson, Lynch, Ritter, Delitzsch, Tristram (Land of Israel, edition 3, p. 428ff) and more recently Capt. Wilson (`Our Work in Palestine,' p. 186f and 'Recovery of Jerusalem,' p. 266f (292ff)). But Conder (Tent Work in Palestine ii. 182ff) argues from Jewish authorities in favor of Khan Minyeh; see B. D. American edition under the word).

Chinese

原文音譯：KapernaoÚm 卡胚而-那翁
詞類次數：專有名詞（16）
原文字根：庇護-安慰（溫暖）
字義溯源：迦百農；位於加利利海北岸西側的一城，主耶穌離開拿撒勒後，曾住在迦百農。字義：安慰之鄉，或源自希伯來文，由（כָּפָר‎）=村莊）與（נַחוּם‎）=安慰的）組成；其中 （כָּפָר‎）出自（כָּפַר‎）=覆蓋），而 （נַחוּם‎）出自（נָחַם‎）=嘆息）
出現次數：總共（16）；太（4）；可（3）；路（4）；約（5）
譯字彙編：
1） 迦百農（14） 太4:13； 太8:5； 太17:24； 可1:21； 可2:1； 可9:33； 路4:23； 路4:31； 路7:1； 約2:12； 約4:46； 約6:17； 約6:24； 約6:59；
2） 迦百農阿（2） 太11:23； 路10:15

Wikipedia EN

Sites of Christianity in the Galillee - Ruins of the ancient Great Synagogue at Capernaum (or Kfar Nahum) on the shore of the Lake of Galilee, Northern Israel

Capernaum (/kəˈpɜːrniəm, -neɪəm/ kə-PUR-nee-əm, -⁠nay-əm; Hebrew: כְּפַר נַחוּם‎, romanized: Kfar Naḥūm, lit. 'Nahum's village'; Arabic: كفر ناحوم‎, romanized: Kafr Nāḥūm) was a fishing village established during the time of the Hasmoneans, located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It had a population of about 1,500. Archaeological excavations have revealed two ancient synagogues built one over the other. A house turned into a church by the Byzantines is believed to have been regarded as the home of Saint Peter.

The village was inhabited continuously from the 2nd century BC to the 11th century AD, when it was abandoned sometime before the Crusader conquest. This includes the re-establishment of the village during the Early Islamic period soon after the 749 earthquake.

Kfar Naḥūm, the original name of the town, means "Nahum's village" in Hebrew, but apparently there is no connection with the prophet named Nahum. In the writings of Josephus, the name is rendered in Greek as Kαφαρναούμ Kapharnaoúm and Κεφαρνωκόν, Kepharnōkón; the New Testament uses Kapharnaoúm in some manuscripts, and Kαπερναούμ Kapernaoúm in others. In the Midrash Rabba (Ecclesiastes Rabba 7:47) the name appears in its Hebrew form, Kǝfar Naḥūm (Hebrew: כפר נחום). In Arabic, it is also called Talḥūm, and it is assumed that this refers to the ruin (tall) of Ḥūm (perhaps an abbreviated form of Nāḥūm).

The word capharnaum, meaning a place with a "disorderly accumulation of objects", is derived from the town's name.

The town is cited in all four gospels (Matthew 4:13, 8:5, 11:23, 17:24, Mark 1:21, 2:1, 9:33, Luke 4:23, 31,7:1, 10:15, John 2:12, 4:46, 6:17, 24, 59) where it was reported to have been the hometown of the tax collector Matthew, and located not far from Bethsaida, the hometown of the apostles Simon Peter, Andrew, James and John. Some readers take Mark 2:1 as evidence that Jesus may have owned a home in the town, but it is more likely that he stayed in the house of one of his followers here. He certainly spent time teaching and healing there. One Sabbath, Jesus taught in the synagogue in Capernaum and healed a man who was possessed by an unclean spirit (Luke 4:31–36 and Mark 1:21–28). This story is notable as the only one that is common between the gospels of Mark and Luke, but not contained in the Gospel of Matthew (see Synoptic Gospels for more literary comparison between the gospels). Afterward, Jesus healed Simon Peter's mother-in-law of a fever (Luke 4:38–39). According to Luke 7:1–10 and Matthew 8:5, this is also the place where Jesus healed the servant of a Roman centurion who had asked for his help. Capernaum is also the location of the healing of the paralytic lowered by friends through the roof to reach Jesus, as reported in Mark 2:1–12 and Luke 5:17–26.

In Matthew 9:1 the town is referred to only as "his own city", and the narrative in Matthew 9:2–7 does not mention the paralytic being lowered through the roof. Most traditional biblical commentators (e.g. Bengel, Benson and the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary) assume that in Matthew 9:1–7 "his own city" means Capernaum, because of the details that are common to the three synoptic gospels.

According to the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus selected this town as the center of his public ministry in Galilee after he left the small mountainous hamlet of Nazareth (Matthew 4:12–17). He also formally cursed Capernaum, along with Bethsaida and Chorazin, saying "you will be thrown down to Hades!" (Matthew 11:23) because of their lack of faith in him as the Messiah.

Translations

af: Kapernaüm; an: Cafarnaum; ar: كفرناحوم; be: Капернаум; bg: Капернаум; bpy: কাফার্নাউম; br: Kafarnaom; ca: Cafarnaüm; ceb: Kefar Naẖum; csb: Kafarnaùm; cs: Kafarnaum; da: Kapernaum; de: Kafarnaum; el: Καπερναούμ; en: Capernaum; eo: Kafarnao; es: Cafarnaúm; eu: Kfar Nahum; fa: کفرناحوم; fi: Kapernaum; fr: Capharnaüm; fy: Kapernaüm; gl: Cafarnaún; he: כפר נחום; hr: Kafarnaum; hu: Kafarnaum; hy: Կափառնայում; id: Kapernaum; it: Cafarnao; ja: カペナウム; jv: Kapernaum; ko: 카파르나움; mg: Kafarnahoma; nl: Kafarnaüm; nn: Kefár Nahúm; no: Kapernaum; oc: Cafarnaom; pl: Kafarnaum; pt: Cafarnaum; ro: Capernaum; ru: Капернаум; sco: Capernaum; sh: Kapernaum; sl: Kafarnaum; sr: Капернаум; sv: Kafarnaum; sw: Kapernaumu; ta: கப்பர்நாகும்; tl: Kapernaum; tr: Kefernahum; uk: Капернаум; ur: کفر نحوم; vi: Caphácnaum; war: Kapernaum; zh: 迦百农

French (New Testament)

(ἡ) Capharnaüm