ἀνάγκη: Difference between revisions
ὦ δυσπάλαιστον γῆρας, ὡς μισῶ σ' ἔχων, μισῶ δ' ὅσοι χρῄζουσιν ἐκτείνειν βίον, βρωτοῖσι καὶ ποτοῖσι καὶ μαγεύμασι παρεκτρέποντες ὀχετὸν ὥστε μὴ θανεῖν: οὓς χρῆν, ἐπειδὰν μηδὲν ὠφελῶσι γῆν, θανόντας ἔρρειν κἀκποδὼν εἶναι νέοις → Old age, resistless foe, how do I loathe your presence! Them too I loathe, whoever desire to lengthen out the span of life, seeking to turn the tide of death aside by food and drink and magic spells; those whom death should take away to leave the young their place, when they no more can benefit the world
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|Definition=Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">force, constraint, necessity</b>, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.6.458</span>; <b class="b3">ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">85</span>; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν <span class="bibl">4.300</span>; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; <span class="bibl">5.633</span>; <b class="b3">οἷσιν ἀ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">φυλάσσειν</b>) <span class="bibl">10.418</span>, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., <b class="b3">ἀνάγκῃ</b> <b class="b2">perforce, of necessity</b>, ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Od.1.154</span>; φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.150</span>: in act. sense, <b class="b2">forcibly, by force</b>, <b class="b3">ἴσχειν, ἄγειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.557</span>, <span class="bibl">22.353</span>; μνήσασθαι <span class="bibl">7.217</span>: strengthd. by <b class="b3">καί</b>, <span class="bibl">10.434</span>; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">19.156</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἑκόντες</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.172</span>, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>47e</span>; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.51</span>; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>569</span> codd. (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>29.2</span>; κατ' ἀνάγκην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.7</span>: <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη ἐστί</b>, c. inf., <b class="b2">it must be that... is necessary that</b>... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>293</span>:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, <b class="b3">πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη</b>, or <b class="b3">πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη</b>, with which an inf. may always be supplied, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>396</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>295</span>; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1497</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>441d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">485e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.28.9</span>; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί <span class="bibl">Lys.6.8</span>: later <b class="b3">ἀνάγκην ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 14.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">necessity</b> in the philosophical sense, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>94b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1026b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199b34</span>; <b class="b2">logical necessity, Metaph</b>.<span class="bibl">1064b33</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">laws of nature</b>, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, cf. Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.21. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">natural need</b>, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>726</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1075</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>7.1</span>; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>458d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ</b>. ib., etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου</b> the <b class="b2">lie</b> of the ground as a <b class="b2">necessary condition</b>, PLille4.14. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι</b>, <b class="b2">fate, destiny</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1000</span>, <span class="bibl">1763</span>: freq. personified in Poets, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.116</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>256</span>; Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται <span class="bibl">Simon.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">compulsion</b> exerted by a superior, <b class="b3">ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>9.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lac.</span>10.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">violence, punishment</b>, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.5</span>; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα</b> instruments of <b class="b2">torture</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.15.28.2</span>: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην <b class="b2">under torture</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Publ.</span>17</span>: metaph., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">de Arte</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">δολοποιὸς ἀ</b>., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>832</span>; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">Xenarch.1.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">duress, 'force majeure'</b>, ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες <span class="bibl">Democr.239</span>; <b class="b2">stress</b> of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">treatment by mechanical force</b>, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">bodily pain, anguish</b>, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν <b class="b2">painfully</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>206</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">215</span>; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>89</span> (lyr.): generally, <b class="b2">distress</b>, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν <span class="bibl">Simon.226</span>; freq. in <span class="bibl">LXX, <span class="title">Jb.</span>15.24</span>, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>7.26</span>: esp. in pl., <span class="title">IG</span>12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">D.S.4.43</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>6.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">tie of blood, kindred</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.32.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = [[ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα]], Hsch.</span> | |Definition=Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">force, constraint, necessity</b>, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.6.458</span>; <b class="b3">ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">85</span>; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν <span class="bibl">4.300</span>; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; <span class="bibl">5.633</span>; <b class="b3">οἷσιν ἀ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">φυλάσσειν</b>) <span class="bibl">10.418</span>, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., <b class="b3">ἀνάγκῃ</b> <b class="b2">perforce, of necessity</b>, ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Od.1.154</span>; φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.150</span>: in act. sense, <b class="b2">forcibly, by force</b>, <b class="b3">ἴσχειν, ἄγειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.557</span>, <span class="bibl">22.353</span>; μνήσασθαι <span class="bibl">7.217</span>: strengthd. by <b class="b3">καί</b>, <span class="bibl">10.434</span>; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">19.156</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἑκόντες</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.172</span>, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>47e</span>; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.51</span>; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>569</span> codd. (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>29.2</span>; κατ' ἀνάγκην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.7</span>: <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη ἐστί</b>, c. inf., <b class="b2">it must be that... is necessary that</b>... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>293</span>:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, <b class="b3">πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη</b>, or <b class="b3">πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη</b>, with which an inf. may always be supplied, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>396</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>295</span>; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1497</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>441d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">485e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.28.9</span>; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί <span class="bibl">Lys.6.8</span>: later <b class="b3">ἀνάγκην ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 14.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">necessity</b> in the philosophical sense, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>94b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1026b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199b34</span>; <b class="b2">logical necessity, Metaph</b>.<span class="bibl">1064b33</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">laws of nature</b>, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, cf. Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.21. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">natural need</b>, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>726</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1075</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>7.1</span>; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>458d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ</b>. ib., etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου</b> the <b class="b2">lie</b> of the ground as a <b class="b2">necessary condition</b>, PLille4.14. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι</b>, <b class="b2">fate, destiny</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1000</span>, <span class="bibl">1763</span>: freq. personified in Poets, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.116</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>256</span>; Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται <span class="bibl">Simon.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">compulsion</b> exerted by a superior, <b class="b3">ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>9.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lac.</span>10.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">violence, punishment</b>, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.5</span>; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα</b> instruments of <b class="b2">torture</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.15.28.2</span>: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην <b class="b2">under torture</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Publ.</span>17</span>: metaph., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">de Arte</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">δολοποιὸς ἀ</b>., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>832</span>; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">Xenarch.1.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">duress, 'force majeure'</b>, ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες <span class="bibl">Democr.239</span>; <b class="b2">stress</b> of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">treatment by mechanical force</b>, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">bodily pain, anguish</b>, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν <b class="b2">painfully</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>206</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">215</span>; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>89</span> (lyr.): generally, <b class="b2">distress</b>, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν <span class="bibl">Simon.226</span>; freq. in <span class="bibl">LXX, <span class="title">Jb.</span>15.24</span>, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>7.26</span>: esp. in pl., <span class="title">IG</span>12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">D.S.4.43</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>6.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">tie of blood, kindred</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.32.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = [[ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα]], Hsch.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0183.png Seite 183]] ἡ (mit [[ἄγκος]], Enge, schwerlich mit [[ἀνάγω]] zusammenhängend), 1) Zwang, Beschränkung des Willens, a) durch äußere Gewalt, wie du Reh Schicksalsbestimmung, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' [[ἀνάγκη]] Il. 6, 458, ein mächtiger Zwang; bes. häufig ἀνάγκῃ, aus Zwang, gezwungen, z. B. φεύγειν, 11, 150; ἀμύνεσθαι, 12, 178; ἂψ [[ἴμεν]], 15, 133; ἀείδειν, Od. 1, 154; ἄγειν, gewaltsamer Weise, Il. 9, 429; ἴσχειν, Od. 4, 557 u. sonst; εἰς δαιμόνων ἀνάγκην ἀφιγμένος, durch den Ausspruch der Götter, neben θεσφάτων ἐλεύθεροι, Eur. Phoen. 1014; εἰς ἀνάγκας ἀλγεινοτάτας ἐμπεσόντες Xen. Mem. 3, 12, 2; oft bei Tragg., auch im plur., Aesch. Prom. 108 Pers. 579; oft auch Leiden, Mühsal, Noth, ὑπ' ἀνάγκας βοᾶν, vor Schmerz schreien, Soph. Phil. 213; φθογγὰ τοῦ στίβου κατ' ἀνάγκαν ἕρποντος, Einer, der mühselig einherschreitet, in der Noth des Weges, 206, vgl. Κενταύρου [[δολοποιός]] Trach. 829. – b) Zwangsmittel, Gefängniß, Ketten u. Banden, Her. 1, 116; Diod. 3, 14 ἀνάγκας ἐπιφέρειν, anwenden; auch sing., ἐν ἁμίλλαισιν ἀνάγκας Eur. Bacch. 544; ἀνάγκην ἐπιτιθέναι Xen. Lac. 10, 7; προστιθέναι Hier. 9, 4; τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα, Folterwer Kzeuge, Pol. 15, 20; vgl. die Parodie [[πουλύπους]] ἁλοὺς βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch. com. Ath. II, 64 (v. 9). – c) physische Nothwendigkeit, Naturgesetz, Verhängniß, ἀνάγκῃ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon. bei Plat. Prot. 345 d; auch ἔγγραφοι ἀνάγκαι, geschriebene Gesetze, Plut. Lyc. 13; θεῖαι ἀνάγκαι Plat. Legg. VII, 818 b; vgl. Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 11. 15. – d) moralische Nothwendigkeit, zwingende Beweise, ῥητόρων ἀνάγκας διδάσκειν Anacr. 50, 2. – 2) Blutsverwandtschaft, Xen. Conv. 8, 13; Isocr. 1, 10. – Als adv. Vbdgn sind außer ἀνἀγκῃ, welches auch in Prosa sehr geläufig ist, zu merken: ὑπ' ἀνάγκης, Od. 19, 156; σὺν ἀνάγκῃ, Pind. P. 1, 51; δι' ἀνάγκης, Plat. Tim. 47 e; ἐξ ἀνάγκης, Phaedr. 246 a; vgl. τὰ ἐξ ἀνάγκης παθήματα, = ἀναγκαῖα, Tim. 89 b; Soph. Phil. 73; κατ' ἀνάγκην, sowohl activ., zwingend, Pol. 1, 37, als passiv., gezwungen, 3, 67, 5; πρὸς ἀνάγκην, Luc. Abdic. 26 u. öfter, bes. bei Sp. – Ebenso [[ἀνάγκη]] ἐστί, mit darauf folgendem inf., wie ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, man muß, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 12; u. ohne ἐστί, [[πᾶσα]] [[ἀνάγκη]], oft bei Plat., z. B. Tim. 69 d; Dem. Lept. 28 πολλή γ' [[ἀνάγκη]], auch oft bei Plat., in Zugeständnissen, es ist ja wohl nöthig, ich muß ja wohl; [[ἀνάγκη]] πολλή u. πολλή 'στι [[ἀνάγκη]], in Behauptungen u. Bekräftigungen. | |||
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Revision as of 19:35, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη, ἡ,
A force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. Il.6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib.85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδειν Od.1.154; φεύγειν Il.11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od.4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl.Phdr.231a; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης Hdt.7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S.Ph.73, Th.3.40, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης Pl.Ti.47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi.P.1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A.Pers.569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict.Ench.29.2; κατ' ἀνάγκην X.Cyr.4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that... is necessary that... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt.2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib.35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A.Pr.16, cf. Pers.293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E.Med.1013, Hec.396, S.Tr.295; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη El.1497, cf. Pl.R.441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib.485e, Is.3.6, D.28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys.6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18. 2 necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist.APo.94b37, Metaph.1026b28, Ph.199b34; logical necessity, Metaph.1064b33: in pl., laws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X. Mem.1.1.11, cf. Hp.Aër.21. b natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.Ag.726, cf. Ar.Nu.1075, X.Cyn.7.1; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl.R.458d; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc. c ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille4.14. d ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E.Ph.1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm.8.30, Emp.116, A.Pr.105, S.Fr.256; Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon.5.21. 3 compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X.Hier.9.4, Lac.10.7. b violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι Hdt.1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod.5.5; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th.1.99; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb.15.28.2: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην under torture, Id.Publ.17: metaph., Hp.de Arte13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S.Tr.832; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch.1.9. c duress, 'force majeure', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr.239; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th.3.82. d treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp.Fract.15, cf. Art.73. 4 bodily pain, anguish, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, S.Ph.206 (lyr.); ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib.215; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E.Ba.89 (lyr.): generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.226; freq. in LXX, Jb.15.24, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. 1 Ep.Cor.7.26: esp. in pl., IG12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S.4.43, 2 Ep.Cor.6.4, etc. II tie of blood, kindred, Lys.32.5. III = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.
German (Pape)
[Seite 183] ἡ (mit ἄγκος, Enge, schwerlich mit ἀνάγω zusammenhängend), 1) Zwang, Beschränkung des Willens, a) durch äußere Gewalt, wie du Reh Schicksalsbestimmung, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀνάγκη Il. 6, 458, ein mächtiger Zwang; bes. häufig ἀνάγκῃ, aus Zwang, gezwungen, z. B. φεύγειν, 11, 150; ἀμύνεσθαι, 12, 178; ἂψ ἴμεν, 15, 133; ἀείδειν, Od. 1, 154; ἄγειν, gewaltsamer Weise, Il. 9, 429; ἴσχειν, Od. 4, 557 u. sonst; εἰς δαιμόνων ἀνάγκην ἀφιγμένος, durch den Ausspruch der Götter, neben θεσφάτων ἐλεύθεροι, Eur. Phoen. 1014; εἰς ἀνάγκας ἀλγεινοτάτας ἐμπεσόντες Xen. Mem. 3, 12, 2; oft bei Tragg., auch im plur., Aesch. Prom. 108 Pers. 579; oft auch Leiden, Mühsal, Noth, ὑπ' ἀνάγκας βοᾶν, vor Schmerz schreien, Soph. Phil. 213; φθογγὰ τοῦ στίβου κατ' ἀνάγκαν ἕρποντος, Einer, der mühselig einherschreitet, in der Noth des Weges, 206, vgl. Κενταύρου δολοποιός Trach. 829. – b) Zwangsmittel, Gefängniß, Ketten u. Banden, Her. 1, 116; Diod. 3, 14 ἀνάγκας ἐπιφέρειν, anwenden; auch sing., ἐν ἁμίλλαισιν ἀνάγκας Eur. Bacch. 544; ἀνάγκην ἐπιτιθέναι Xen. Lac. 10, 7; προστιθέναι Hier. 9, 4; τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα, Folterwer Kzeuge, Pol. 15, 20; vgl. die Parodie πουλύπους ἁλοὺς βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch. com. Ath. II, 64 (v. 9). – c) physische Nothwendigkeit, Naturgesetz, Verhängniß, ἀνάγκῃ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon. bei Plat. Prot. 345 d; auch ἔγγραφοι ἀνάγκαι, geschriebene Gesetze, Plut. Lyc. 13; θεῖαι ἀνάγκαι Plat. Legg. VII, 818 b; vgl. Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 11. 15. – d) moralische Nothwendigkeit, zwingende Beweise, ῥητόρων ἀνάγκας διδάσκειν Anacr. 50, 2. – 2) Blutsverwandtschaft, Xen. Conv. 8, 13; Isocr. 1, 10. – Als adv. Vbdgn sind außer ἀνἀγκῃ, welches auch in Prosa sehr geläufig ist, zu merken: ὑπ' ἀνάγκης, Od. 19, 156; σὺν ἀνάγκῃ, Pind. P. 1, 51; δι' ἀνάγκης, Plat. Tim. 47 e; ἐξ ἀνάγκης, Phaedr. 246 a; vgl. τὰ ἐξ ἀνάγκης παθήματα, = ἀναγκαῖα, Tim. 89 b; Soph. Phil. 73; κατ' ἀνάγκην, sowohl activ., zwingend, Pol. 1, 37, als passiv., gezwungen, 3, 67, 5; πρὸς ἀνάγκην, Luc. Abdic. 26 u. öfter, bes. bei Sp. – Ebenso ἀνάγκη ἐστί, mit darauf folgendem inf., wie ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, man muß, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 12; u. ohne ἐστί, πᾶσα ἀνάγκη, oft bei Plat., z. B. Tim. 69 d; Dem. Lept. 28 πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, auch oft bei Plat., in Zugeständnissen, es ist ja wohl nöthig, ich muß ja wohl; ἀνάγκη πολλή u. πολλή 'στι ἀνάγκη, in Behauptungen u. Bekräftigungen.
