πυκνός: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=ή, όν, poet. also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span> (Sup.), B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9 (<b class="b3">πύκινος</b> is dub. l. <span class="bibl">Id.82</span>); Trag. πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινός</b> once in Com., <span class="bibl">Eub.38</span> (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. <b class="b3">πουκότατος</b> is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">close, compact</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, <b class="b2">close, firm, solid</b>, πυκινὸς θώρηξ <span class="bibl">Il.15.529</span>; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην <span class="bibl">Od.14.521</span>; πυκινὸν νέφος <span class="bibl">Il.5.751</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινὸν λέχος</b> <b class="b2">well-stuffed, firm</b> bed, <span class="bibl">9.621</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.340</span>; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ <span class="bibl">Emp.27.3</span>; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.15</span>; π. δέμας <span class="bibl">Parm. 8.59</span>; of a sponge, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>2</span>; π. ὀστοῦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; [<b class="b3">σάρκες</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>74e</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">59b</span>; ἔβενος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.5.5</span>; πλεύμων Plu.2.698b; <b class="b3">χωρία</b> ib.650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Ap.</span>89</span>; [<b class="b3">ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς</b> <b class="b2">overgrown</b> with plants, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>113.8</span> (i/ii A.D.); ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, <b class="b2">thick-set, stocky</b>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">narrow, constricted</b>, οὐ διέρχεται . . ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς... πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.73</span>; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of the parts of a thing, <b class="b2">close-packed, crowded</b>, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες <span class="bibl">Il.4.281</span>; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί <span class="bibl">7.61</span>, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν <span class="bibl">4.392</span>, etc.(v. infr. <span class="bibl">111.1</span>); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν <span class="bibl">11.309</span>; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">13.133</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.480</span>; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.24.453</span>; σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας <span class="bibl">Od.14.12</span>; of <b class="b2">thick</b> plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά <span class="bibl">5.53</span>; πτερὰ πυκνά <span class="bibl">Il.11.454</span>, <span class="bibl">23.879</span>; but <b class="b3">πύκνα πτέρα</b> <b class="b2">fast-beating</b> wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, <b class="b3">ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.320</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.439</span>, <span class="bibl">5.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.245</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.473</span>, <span class="bibl">10.150</span>, <span class="bibl">19.520</span>; π. νέφεα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>553</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι</b> with <b class="b2">close-laid</b> stones, <span class="bibl">Il.16.212</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι</b> with <b class="b2">a thick shower of</b> darts, <span class="bibl">11.576</span>; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν <span class="bibl">Od.14.36</span>; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.218</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς</b>, of Argus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>678</span>; <b class="b3">πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν</b>, of the Furies, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1050</span>; of <b class="b2">thick-falling</b> rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>636</span>; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span> (lyr.); πυκνῇ νιφάδι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1129</span>; <b class="b3">π. ῥόος</b> a <b class="b2">dense</b> current, <span class="bibl">Emp.100.14</span>; π. θρίξ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.6</span>; π. τρίχες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>321a</span>; [<b class="b3">δένδρεα</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.2</span>; τὰ μὲν π . . . τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Tactics, <b class="b2">in close order</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀραιός</b>, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>4.1 (Sup.), <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>11.1</span> (Comp.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of a repeated action, <b class="b2">frequent, numerous</b>, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>658</span>; τῶν π. φιλημάτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>135</span>; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα <span class="bibl">Epich.109</span> (anap.); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>235</span>; <b class="b3">π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν</b>, of a blind man, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>844</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται</b> on the <b class="b2">oft-revolving</b> wheel, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>871.1</span>; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.13; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνότερον</b> <b class="b2">quicker</b> breathing, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f; <b class="b2">continuous, constant</b>, φῶς <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.7.44</span>; ἡ . . εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ . . πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40a</span>; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>573e</span>; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.20</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν</b> <b class="b2">more frequently</b> visited by... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.1</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> of artificial union, <b class="b2">well put together, compact, strong</b>, <b class="b3">πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες</b> (v. infr. B. 111.1), <span class="bibl">Il.10.267</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.68</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.167</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.229</span>, <span class="bibl">10.283</span>; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή <span class="bibl">Il.13.804</span>; π. δῶμα <span class="bibl">Xenoph.17</span>: hence, <b class="b2">close, concealed</b>, πυκινὸς δόλος <span class="bibl">Il.6.187</span>; and so perhaps <b class="b3">π. λόχος</b>, v. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in Music, <b class="b3">πυκνόν, τό</b>, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span> p.24M.</span>, cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> generally, <b class="b2">strong</b> of its kind, <b class="b2">sore, excessive</b>, ἄτη <span class="bibl">Il.24.480</span>; μελεδῶναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.516</span>; ἄχος <span class="bibl">Il.16.599</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> metaph. of the mind, <b class="b2">shrewd, wise</b>, πυκιναὶ φρένες <span class="bibl">14.294</span>, cf. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9, B. l.c.; νόος <span class="bibl">Il.15.461</span>; μήδεα <span class="bibl">3.208</span>; βουλή <span class="bibl">2.55</span>; ἐφετμή <span class="bibl">18.216</span>; μῦθοι <span class="bibl">Od.3.23</span>; ἔπος <span class="bibl">Il.11.788</span>; <b class="b3">θυμός, βουλαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.73</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>7(6).8</span>; φρήν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>67</span>; <b class="b3">μήτιδι πυκνῇ</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.141</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>568a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>. <b class="b2">terseness</b> of expression, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Th.</span>24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b2">sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning</b>, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>106</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοί</b> <b class="b2">the wise</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span> (lyr.); πυκνότατον κίναδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>430</span> (lyr.); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Critias 25.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Adv. <b class="b3">πυκινῶς</b>, and after Hom. <b class="b3">πυκνῶς, θύραι</b> or <b class="b3">σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι</b> <b class="b2">close</b> or <b class="b2">fast shut</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.475</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.344</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sorely</b> (v. supr. A. IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος <span class="bibl">Il.19.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.19.95</span>, al.; <b class="b2">constantly</b>, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">sagaciously, shrewdly</b>, π. ὑποθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.1.279</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.21.293</span>; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>438</span> (lyr., s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> neut. sg. and pl., <b class="b3">πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά</b> as Adv., esp. in the sense <b class="b2">much, often</b>, <b class="b3">πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην</b> a <b class="b2">much</b> torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, <span class="bibl">Od.13.438</span>, <span class="bibl">17.198</span>; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων <span class="bibl">11.88</span>; τέττιξ . . καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>584</span>: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>2</span>; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501b</span>; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.8</span>; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1357b19</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.41.24</span>; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>420d</span>. Adv. -οτέρως <span class="bibl">Lesb.Gramm.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1929</span>(iv A.D.): Sup. πυκνότατα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>11.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">πυκινὰ φρονεῖν</b> (v. supr. A.V) <span class="bibl">Od.9.445</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> poet. Adv. πύκα [?~X?~X], <b class="b2">thickly, solidly</b>, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο <span class="bibl">1.436</span>; π. π. δόμοιο <span class="bibl">22.455</span>; σάκεος π. π. <span class="bibl">Il.18</span>. <span class="bibl">608</span>; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων <span class="bibl">12.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.689</span>,<span class="bibl">739</span>; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι <span class="bibl">12.454</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο</b> with <b class="b2">thick-falling</b> darts, <span class="bibl">9.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">wisely</b>, <b class="b3">π. φρονεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">554</span>, <span class="bibl">14.217</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.1.449</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τρέφειν</b> rear <b class="b2">carefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.70</span>.</span><span class="bld">πυκνός</span>, gen. of <b class="b3">πνύξ</b> (q.v.). | |Definition=ή, όν, poet. also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span> (Sup.), B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9 (<b class="b3">πύκινος</b> is dub. l. <span class="bibl">Id.82</span>); Trag. πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινός</b> once in Com., <span class="bibl">Eub.38</span> (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. <b class="b3">πουκότατος</b> is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">close, compact</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, <b class="b2">close, firm, solid</b>, πυκινὸς θώρηξ <span class="bibl">Il.15.529</span>; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην <span class="bibl">Od.14.521</span>; πυκινὸν νέφος <span class="bibl">Il.5.751</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινὸν λέχος</b> <b class="b2">well-stuffed, firm</b> bed, <span class="bibl">9.621</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.340</span>; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ <span class="bibl">Emp.27.3</span>; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.15</span>; π. δέμας <span class="bibl">Parm. 8.59</span>; of a sponge, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>2</span>; π. ὀστοῦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; [<b class="b3">σάρκες</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>74e</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">59b</span>; ἔβενος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.5.5</span>; πλεύμων Plu.2.698b; <b class="b3">χωρία</b> ib.650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Ap.</span>89</span>; [<b class="b3">ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς</b> <b class="b2">overgrown</b> with plants, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>113.8</span> (i/ii A.D.); ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, <b class="b2">thick-set, stocky</b>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">narrow, constricted</b>, οὐ διέρχεται . . ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς... πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.73</span>; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> of the parts of a thing, <b class="b2">close-packed, crowded</b>, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες <span class="bibl">Il.4.281</span>; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί <span class="bibl">7.61</span>, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν <span class="bibl">4.392</span>, etc.(v. infr. <span class="bibl">111.1</span>); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν <span class="bibl">11.309</span>; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">13.133</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.480</span>; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.24.453</span>; σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας <span class="bibl">Od.14.12</span>; of <b class="b2">thick</b> plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά <span class="bibl">5.53</span>; πτερὰ πυκνά <span class="bibl">Il.11.454</span>, <span class="bibl">23.879</span>; but <b class="b3">πύκνα πτέρα</b> <b class="b2">fast-beating</b> wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, <b class="b3">ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.320</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.439</span>, <span class="bibl">5.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.245</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.473</span>, <span class="bibl">10.150</span>, <span class="bibl">19.520</span>; π. νέφεα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>553</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι</b> with <b class="b2">close-laid</b> stones, <span class="bibl">Il.16.212</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι</b> with <b class="b2">a thick shower of</b> darts, <span class="bibl">11.576</span>; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν <span class="bibl">Od.14.36</span>; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.218</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς</b>, of Argus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>678</span>; <b class="b3">πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν</b>, of the Furies, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1050</span>; of <b class="b2">thick-falling</b> rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>636</span>; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span> (lyr.); πυκνῇ νιφάδι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1129</span>; <b class="b3">π. ῥόος</b> a <b class="b2">dense</b> current, <span class="bibl">Emp.100.14</span>; π. θρίξ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.6</span>; π. τρίχες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>321a</span>; [<b class="b3">δένδρεα</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.2</span>; τὰ μὲν π . . . τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Tactics, <b class="b2">in close order</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀραιός</b>, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>4.1 (Sup.), <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>11.1</span> (Comp.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of a repeated action, <b class="b2">frequent, numerous</b>, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>658</span>; τῶν π. φιλημάτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>135</span>; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα <span class="bibl">Epich.109</span> (anap.); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>235</span>; <b class="b3">π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν</b>, of a blind man, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>844</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται</b> on the <b class="b2">oft-revolving</b> wheel, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>871.1</span>; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp.<b class="b2">Aër</b>.13; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνότερον</b> <b class="b2">quicker</b> breathing, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f; <b class="b2">continuous, constant</b>, φῶς <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.7.44</span>; ἡ . . εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ . . πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40a</span>; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>573e</span>; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.20</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν</b> <b class="b2">more frequently</b> visited by... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.1</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> of artificial union, <b class="b2">well put together, compact, strong</b>, <b class="b3">πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες</b> (v. infr. B. 111.1), <span class="bibl">Il.10.267</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.68</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.167</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.229</span>, <span class="bibl">10.283</span>; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή <span class="bibl">Il.13.804</span>; π. δῶμα <span class="bibl">Xenoph.17</span>: hence, <b class="b2">close, concealed</b>, πυκινὸς δόλος <span class="bibl">Il.6.187</span>; and so perhaps <b class="b3">π. λόχος</b>, v. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in Music, <b class="b3">πυκνόν, τό</b>, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span> p.24M.</span>, cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> generally, <b class="b2">strong</b> of its kind, <b class="b2">sore, excessive</b>, ἄτη <span class="bibl">Il.24.480</span>; μελεδῶναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.516</span>; ἄχος <span class="bibl">Il.16.599</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> metaph. of the mind, <b class="b2">shrewd, wise</b>, πυκιναὶ φρένες <span class="bibl">14.294</span>, cf. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9, B. l.c.; νόος <span class="bibl">Il.15.461</span>; μήδεα <span class="bibl">3.208</span>; βουλή <span class="bibl">2.55</span>; ἐφετμή <span class="bibl">18.216</span>; μῦθοι <span class="bibl">Od.3.23</span>; ἔπος <span class="bibl">Il.11.788</span>; <b class="b3">θυμός, βουλαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.73</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>7(6).8</span>; φρήν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>67</span>; <b class="b3">μήτιδι πυκνῇ</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.141</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>568a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>. <b class="b2">terseness</b> of expression, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Th.</span>24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b2">sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning</b>, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>106</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοί</b> <b class="b2">the wise</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span> (lyr.); πυκνότατον κίναδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>430</span> (lyr.); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Critias 25.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> Adv. <b class="b3">πυκινῶς</b>, and after Hom. <b class="b3">πυκνῶς, θύραι</b> or <b class="b3">σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι</b> <b class="b2">close</b> or <b class="b2">fast shut</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.475</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.344</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sorely</b> (v. supr. A. IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος <span class="bibl">Il.19.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.19.95</span>, al.; <b class="b2">constantly</b>, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">sagaciously, shrewdly</b>, π. ὑποθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.1.279</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.21.293</span>; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>438</span> (lyr., s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> neut. sg. and pl., <b class="b3">πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά</b> as Adv., esp. in the sense <b class="b2">much, often</b>, <b class="b3">πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην</b> a <b class="b2">much</b> torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, <span class="bibl">Od.13.438</span>, <span class="bibl">17.198</span>; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων <span class="bibl">11.88</span>; τέττιξ . . καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>584</span>: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>2</span>; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501b</span>; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.8</span>; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1357b19</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.41.24</span>; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>420d</span>. Adv. -οτέρως <span class="bibl">Lesb.Gramm.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1929</span>(iv A.D.): Sup. πυκνότατα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>11.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">πυκινὰ φρονεῖν</b> (v. supr. A.V) <span class="bibl">Od.9.445</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> poet. Adv. πύκα [?~X?~X], <b class="b2">thickly, solidly</b>, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο <span class="bibl">1.436</span>; π. π. δόμοιο <span class="bibl">22.455</span>; σάκεος π. π. <span class="bibl">Il.18</span>. <span class="bibl">608</span>; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων <span class="bibl">12.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.689</span>,<span class="bibl">739</span>; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι <span class="bibl">12.454</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο</b> with <b class="b2">thick-falling</b> darts, <span class="bibl">9.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">wisely</b>, <b class="b3">π. φρονεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">554</span>, <span class="bibl">14.217</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.1.449</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τρέφειν</b> rear <b class="b2">carefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.70</span>.</span><span class="bld">πυκνός</span>, gen. of <b class="b3">πνύξ</b> (q.v.). | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0816.png Seite 816]] att. gen. von [[πνύξ]]. u. poet. [[πυκινός]], a) von der Beschaffenheit einer Masse, <b class="b2">dicht</b>, fest, derb, im Ggstz des Lockern u. Losen; [[θώρηξ]], Il. 15, 529; ἀσπίδα ῥινοῖσιν πυκινήν, 13, 804; [[χλαῖνα]] πυκνὴ καὶ μεγάλη, Od. 14, 521; [[λέχος]], Il. 9, 621 Od. 7, 340. 23, 177, eigtl. wohl von dichter, festgeschüttelter Streu od. festgestopftem Bett; καὶ μαλακόν, Il. 14, 349; [[νέφος]], 5, 751. 8, 395; [[νεφέλη]], 16, 288; πυκνὰ νέφεα, Hes. O. 555; ὀστοῦν, Plat. Tim. 75 a; πυκνὰ καὶ βαρέα, 52 e, u. sonst; καὶ λεῖα, Rep. VI, 510 a; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ὄν, Tim. 59 b; σπάρτα, Xen. An. 4, 7, 15. – b) von der Verbindung einzelner Theile zu einem Ganzen, dicht gedrängt, in dichten Schaaren, nahe beisammen, im Ggstz des Zerstreu'ten, Vereinzelten, weit aus einander Liegenden; ὀδόντες, σταυροί, πυκνοὶ καὶ [[θαμέες]], Od. 12, 92. 14, 12; πυκιναὶ φάλαγγες, πυκναὶ [[στίχες]], dichte Schaaren, Il. 4, 281. 7, 61 u. sonst; Hes. Th. 935; βέλεα, Il. 11, 576, λίθοι, 16, 212, in dichter Menge abgeschossen, geworfen; πυκινῇσιν λιθάδεσσιν, Od. 23, 193; aber πυκνοῖσιν λάεσσιν, mit dicht gehäuften Steinen, Il. 24, 798; πυκνὰ καρήατα, dicht gedrängte Köpfe, Kopf an Kopf gedrängt, 11, 309; σταυροί, 24, 453; auch mit dem dat., πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοις, dicht an einander gedrängt, 13, 133. 16, 217 Od. 5, 480; πυκνὰ πτερά, dicht gefiederte Flügel, Il. 11, 454. 23, 879 Od. 5, 53 u. sonst; bes. vom dichten Laube, dichter Waldung: ὄζοι, Il. 21, 245; θάμνοι, Od. 5, 471; πέταλα, 19, 520; ὕλη, Il. 18, 320 Od. 6, 128; [[λόχμη]], 19, 439; δρυμά, Il. 11, 1, 18; – σύες πυκινοὺς κευθμῶνας ἔχοντες, Od. 10, 283, was man auch zu c) ziehen kann; vgl. Hes. O. 534; – πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλεν, Aesch. Prom. 661; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, 681, häufig, u. öfter; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις, Soph. Ai. 1178; πυκνῇ νιφάδι, Eur, Andr. 1130; u. in Prosa: πυκναῖς θριξί, Plat. Prot. 321 a; häufig, τοῖς ἐρωτήμασι τοῦ ξυνθήματος πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι, Thuc. 7, 44; ἡ εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ ἡ τοῦ δαιμονίου [[πάνυ]] πυκνὴ ἦν, Plat. Apol. 40 a, u. öfter; δένδρα, Xen. An. 4, 8, 2; [[φάλαγξ]], 2, 3, 3, wie Pol. πυκνοτέρας ἢ [[πρόσθεν]] τὰς σημαίας καθιστάνων, 3, 113, 3. – In der Musik das wiederholte Angeben desselben Tones. – c) fest zusammengefügt, verschlossen; δόμ ος, Il. 10, 267. 12, 301 Od. 6, 134 u. sonst; [[χηλός]], 13, 68; θύραι, Il. 14, 167. – Uebh.<b class="b2"> tüchtig</b> in seiner Art; πυκινὸν [[ἄχος]], ein tüchtiges, großes Leid, Il. 16, 599, vgl. Od. 11, 88; so ἄτη, Il. 24, 480; μελεδῶναι, Od. 19, 516; dah. übertr. auf den Geist, πυκιναὶ φρένες, Il. 14, 294, ursprünglich = dichtes, festes Zwerchfell, was als der Sitz eines tüchtigen Verstandes galt; Διὸς πυκινὸς [[νόος]], 15, 461, wie Archil. 60; [[φρήν]], Eur. I. A. 67; Ar. Ach. 420; μήδεα, Il. 3, 208; πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδε' ἔχοντες, 24, 282; Od. 19, 353; πυκινὴ βο υλή, Il. 2, 55. 9, 76; [[ἐφετμή]], verständig, 18, 216; μῦθος , ein tüchtiges, verständiges Wort, Od. 3, 23, wie πυκινὸν ἔπ ος, Il. 11, 788; dah. liegt auch schlaues, vorsichtiges Verbergen der Absicht darin, wie πυκινὸς [[λόχος]], 24, 779, vgl. Od. 11, 525, ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι ἠδ' ἐπιθεῖναι, wobei man an den eigentlichen Ort des Hinterhalts, das Versteck denken muß; so auch [[δόλος]], Il. 6, 187. – Aehnl. bei den folgdn Dichtern; πυκινῷ θυμῷ, Pind. P. 4, 73; πυκινὰν μῆτιν, 4, 58; πυκναῖς βουλαῖς, I. 6, 8; auch von Menschen, klug, verschlagen, Σίσυφον πυκνότατον παλάμαις, Ol. 13, 52; vgl. Soph. [[μάλα]] τοι ἄπορα πυκινοῖς [[ἐνιδεῖν]] [[πάθη]], Phil. 843; πυκνότατον [[κίναδος]], Ar. Av. 429; auch in Prosa, καὶ τοῦτο πυκνῆς διανοίας ἐχόμενον ἐφθέγξατο, Plat. Rep. VIII, 568 a. – Adv. al πυκινῶς und nach Hom. πυκνῶς, bes. θύραι, σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι, dicht, fest verbunden, fest verschlossen, Il. 9, 475 Od. 2, 344 u. oft; u. übertr., πυκινῶς [[ἀκάχημαι]], ich betrübe mich tüchtig, sehr, Il. 19, 312 Od. 19, 95 u. sonst; πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, nachdrücklich, bedächtig ermahnen, rathen (s. ob. 2), Il. 21, 293 Od. 1, 279; πυκνῶς ποικίλους λόγους ἀνεῦρεν, Ar. Th. 438. – b) eben so [[πυκνόν]] u. [[πυκνά]], πυκινόν u. [[πυκινά]] gebraucht, dicht, häufig; πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην, Od. 13, 438. 17, 198; πυκνὰ ἑκατέρωσ' ἀποβλέπειν, Plat. Rep. VI, 501 b; u. comparat., νῦν δὲ σὲ χρὴ πυκνότερον [[δεῦρο]] ἰέναι, Rep. I, 328 d, wie πυκνότερον ἐν ταυθοῖ παρέρχεται Dem. 41, 24; u. übertr., πυκινόν περ [[ἀχεύων]] Od. 11, 88, ἀνεστενάχιζε Il. 10, 9, πυκνὰ [[μάλα]] στενάχων 18, 318, ἐμοὶ πυκινὰ φρονέοντι Od. 9, 445. | |||
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Revision as of 19:15, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ή, όν, poet. also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., Pi.O.13.52 (Sup.), B.Fr.1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.Supp.14.9 (πύκινος is dub. l. Id.82); Trag. πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., Aj.1208, Ph.854; πυκινός once in Com., Eub.38 (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. πουκότατος is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—
A close, compact. I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, πυκινὸς θώρηξ Il.15.529; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην Od.14.521; πυκινὸν νέφος Il.5.751; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed, 9.621, Od.7.340; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν Il.14.349; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ Emp.27.3; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα X.An.4.7.15; π. δέμας Parm. 8.59; of a sponge, Hp.Ulc.2; π. ὀστοῦν Pl.Ti.75b, cf. Hp.VM22; [σάρκες] Pl.Ti.74e; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ib.59b; ἔβενος Thphr.HP1.5.5; πλεύμων Plu.2.698b; χωρία ib.650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν Call. Ap.89; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, PFay.113.8 (i/ii A.D.); ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. IG7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, thick-set, stocky, Sor.1.34. 2 narrow, constricted, οὐ διέρχεται . . ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς... πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης Hp.Mul.1.73; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.6. II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες Il.4.281; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392, etc.(v. infr. 111.1); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133, cf. Od.5.480; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι Il.24.453; σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od.14.12; of thick plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά 5.53; πτερὰ πυκνά Il.11.454, 23.879; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, Il.18.320, Od.19.439, 5.471, Il.21.245, Od.14.473, 10.150, 19.520; π. νέφεα Hes.Op.553; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, Il.16.212; πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts, 11.576; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν Od.14.36; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. Hdt.7.218; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, A.Pr.678; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, Id.Ch.1050; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος S.Fr.636; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις Id.Aj.1208 (lyr.); πυκνῇ νιφάδι E.Andr.1129; π. ῥόος a dense current, Emp.100.14; π. θρίξ X.Cyn.4.6; π. τρίχες Pl.Prt.321a; [δένδρεα] Hdt.4.22, cf. X.An.4.8.2; τὰ μὲν π . . . τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν Thphr.HP1.8.2. b in Tactics, in close order, opp. ἀραιός, Ascl.Tact.4.1 (Sup.), Arr.Tact.11.1 (Comp.). 2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε A.Pr.658; τῶν π. φιλημάτων Id.Fr.135; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται Hp.VM22; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα Epich.109 (anap.); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα E.Tr.235; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, Id.Ph.844; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, S.Fr.871.1; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp.Aër.13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον quicker breathing, Id.Acut.16; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f; continuous, constant, φῶς Corp.Herm. 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι Th.7.44; ἡ . . εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ . . πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν Pl.Ap.40a; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί Id.R.573e; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc.1.20: c. inf., πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by... X.Vect.5.1 codd. III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (v. infr. B. 111.1), Il.10.267, Od.13.68, Il.14.167, Od.23.229, 10.283; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή Il.13.804; π. δῶμα Xenoph.17: hence, close, concealed, πυκινὸς δόλος Il.6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, v. supr. 11.1. 2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων Aristox.Harm. p.24M., cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc. IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, ἄτη Il.24.480; μελεδῶναι Od.19.516; ἄχος Il.16.599. V metaph. of the mind, shrewd, wise, πυκιναὶ φρένες 14.294, cf. Alc.Supp.14.9, B. l.c.; νόος Il.15.461; μήδεα 3.208; βουλή 2.55; ἐφετμή 18.216; μῦθοι Od.3.23; ἔπος Il.11.788; θυμός, βουλαί, Pi.P.4.73, I.7(6).8; φρήν E.IA67; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Orac. ap. Hdt.7.141, cf. IG3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια Pl.R.568a; τὸ π. terseness of expression, D.H.Th.24. 2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις Pi.O.13.52; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν Id.Fr.106; πυκινοί the wise, S.Ph.854 (lyr.); πυκνότατον κίναδος Ar.Av.430 (lyr.); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ Critias 25.12. B Adv. πυκινῶς, and after Hom. πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι close or fast shut, Il.9.475, Od.2.344, etc. 2 sorely (v. supr. A. IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος Il.19.312, cf. Od.19.95, al.; constantly, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι X.Cyn.6.22. 3 sagaciously, shrewdly, π. ὑποθήσομαι Od.1.279, cf. Il.21.293; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν Ar.Th.438 (lyr., s.v.l.). II neut. sg. and pl., πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as Adv., esp. in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, Od.13.438, 17.198; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88; τέττιξ . . καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν Hes.Op.584: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος Hp.Art.2; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν Pl.R.501b; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι X.An.6.1.8; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν Arist.Rh.1357b19; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, Pl.R.328d, D.41.24; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν Pl.Cra.420d. Adv. -οτέρως Lesb.Gramm.23, PLond.5.1929(iv A.D.): Sup. πυκνότατα X.Eq.11.11. 2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (v. supr. A.V) Od.9.445. III poet. Adv. πύκα [?~X?~X], thickly, solidly, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο 1.436; π. π. δόμοιο 22.455; σάκεος π. π. Il.18. 608; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317, cf. 15.689,739; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι 12.454. 2 θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, 9.588. 3 wisely, π. φρονεῖν ib.554, 14.217, Q.S.1.449, al.; τρέφειν rear carefully, Il.5.70.πυκνός, gen. of πνύξ (q.v.).
German (Pape)
[Seite 816] att. gen. von πνύξ. u. poet. πυκινός, a) von der Beschaffenheit einer Masse, dicht, fest, derb, im Ggstz des Lockern u. Losen; θώρηξ, Il. 15, 529; ἀσπίδα ῥινοῖσιν πυκινήν, 13, 804; χλαῖνα πυκνὴ καὶ μεγάλη, Od. 14, 521; λέχος, Il. 9, 621 Od. 7, 340. 23, 177, eigtl. wohl von dichter, festgeschüttelter Streu od. festgestopftem Bett; καὶ μαλακόν, Il. 14, 349; νέφος, 5, 751. 8, 395; νεφέλη, 16, 288; πυκνὰ νέφεα, Hes. O. 555; ὀστοῦν, Plat. Tim. 75 a; πυκνὰ καὶ βαρέα, 52 e, u. sonst; καὶ λεῖα, Rep. VI, 510 a; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ὄν, Tim. 59 b; σπάρτα, Xen. An. 4, 7, 15. – b) von der Verbindung einzelner Theile zu einem Ganzen, dicht gedrängt, in dichten Schaaren, nahe beisammen, im Ggstz des Zerstreu'ten, Vereinzelten, weit aus einander Liegenden; ὀδόντες, σταυροί, πυκνοὶ καὶ θαμέες, Od. 12, 92. 14, 12; πυκιναὶ φάλαγγες, πυκναὶ στίχες, dichte Schaaren, Il. 4, 281. 7, 61 u. sonst; Hes. Th. 935; βέλεα, Il. 11, 576, λίθοι, 16, 212, in dichter Menge abgeschossen, geworfen; πυκινῇσιν λιθάδεσσιν, Od. 23, 193; aber πυκνοῖσιν λάεσσιν, mit dicht gehäuften Steinen, Il. 24, 798; πυκνὰ καρήατα, dicht gedrängte Köpfe, Kopf an Kopf gedrängt, 11, 309; σταυροί, 24, 453; auch mit dem dat., πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοις, dicht an einander gedrängt, 13, 133. 16, 217 Od. 5, 480; πυκνὰ πτερά, dicht gefiederte Flügel, Il. 11, 454. 23, 879 Od. 5, 53 u. sonst; bes. vom dichten Laube, dichter Waldung: ὄζοι, Il. 21, 245; θάμνοι, Od. 5, 471; πέταλα, 19, 520; ὕλη, Il. 18, 320 Od. 6, 128; λόχμη, 19, 439; δρυμά, Il. 11, 1, 18; – σύες πυκινοὺς κευθμῶνας ἔχοντες, Od. 10, 283, was man auch zu c) ziehen kann; vgl. Hes. O. 534; – πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλεν, Aesch. Prom. 661; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, 681, häufig, u. öfter; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις, Soph. Ai. 1178; πυκνῇ νιφάδι, Eur, Andr. 1130; u. in Prosa: πυκναῖς θριξί, Plat. Prot. 321 a; häufig, τοῖς ἐρωτήμασι τοῦ ξυνθήματος πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι, Thuc. 7, 44; ἡ εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ ἡ τοῦ δαιμονίου πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν, Plat. Apol. 40 a, u. öfter; δένδρα, Xen. An. 4, 8, 2; φάλαγξ, 2, 3, 3, wie Pol. πυκνοτέρας ἢ πρόσθεν τὰς σημαίας καθιστάνων, 3, 113, 3. – In der Musik das wiederholte Angeben desselben Tones. – c) fest zusammengefügt, verschlossen; δόμ ος, Il. 10, 267. 12, 301 Od. 6, 134 u. sonst; χηλός, 13, 68; θύραι, Il. 14, 167. – Uebh. tüchtig in seiner Art; πυκινὸν ἄχος, ein tüchtiges, großes Leid, Il. 16, 599, vgl. Od. 11, 88; so ἄτη, Il. 24, 480; μελεδῶναι, Od. 19, 516; dah. übertr. auf den Geist, πυκιναὶ φρένες, Il. 14, 294, ursprünglich = dichtes, festes Zwerchfell, was als der Sitz eines tüchtigen Verstandes galt; Διὸς πυκινὸς νόος, 15, 461, wie Archil. 60; φρήν, Eur. I. A. 67; Ar. Ach. 420; μήδεα, Il. 3, 208; πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδε' ἔχοντες, 24, 282; Od. 19, 353; πυκινὴ βο υλή, Il. 2, 55. 9, 76; ἐφετμή, verständig, 18, 216; μῦθος , ein tüchtiges, verständiges Wort, Od. 3, 23, wie πυκινὸν ἔπ ος, Il. 11, 788; dah. liegt auch schlaues, vorsichtiges Verbergen der Absicht darin, wie πυκινὸς λόχος, 24, 779, vgl. Od. 11, 525, ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι ἠδ' ἐπιθεῖναι, wobei man an den eigentlichen Ort des Hinterhalts, das Versteck denken muß; so auch δόλος, Il. 6, 187. – Aehnl. bei den folgdn Dichtern; πυκινῷ θυμῷ, Pind. P. 4, 73; πυκινὰν μῆτιν, 4, 58; πυκναῖς βουλαῖς, I. 6, 8; auch von Menschen, klug, verschlagen, Σίσυφον πυκνότατον παλάμαις, Ol. 13, 52; vgl. Soph. μάλα τοι ἄπορα πυκινοῖς ἐνιδεῖν πάθη, Phil. 843; πυκνότατον κίναδος, Ar. Av. 429; auch in Prosa, καὶ τοῦτο πυκνῆς διανοίας ἐχόμενον ἐφθέγξατο, Plat. Rep. VIII, 568 a. – Adv. al πυκινῶς und nach Hom. πυκνῶς, bes. θύραι, σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι, dicht, fest verbunden, fest verschlossen, Il. 9, 475 Od. 2, 344 u. oft; u. übertr., πυκινῶς ἀκάχημαι, ich betrübe mich tüchtig, sehr, Il. 19, 312 Od. 19, 95 u. sonst; πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, nachdrücklich, bedächtig ermahnen, rathen (s. ob. 2), Il. 21, 293 Od. 1, 279; πυκνῶς ποικίλους λόγους ἀνεῦρεν, Ar. Th. 438. – b) eben so πυκνόν u. πυκνά, πυκινόν u. πυκινά gebraucht, dicht, häufig; πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην, Od. 13, 438. 17, 198; πυκνὰ ἑκατέρωσ' ἀποβλέπειν, Plat. Rep. VI, 501 b; u. comparat., νῦν δὲ σὲ χρὴ πυκνότερον δεῦρο ἰέναι, Rep. I, 328 d, wie πυκνότερον ἐν ταυθοῖ παρέρχεται Dem. 41, 24; u. übertr., πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων Od. 11, 88, ἀνεστενάχιζε Il. 10, 9, πυκνὰ μάλα στενάχων 18, 318, ἐμοὶ πυκινὰ φρονέοντι Od. 9, 445.
