ἄχος

English (LSJ)

[ᾰ], ἄχεος, τό,
1 pain, ache, distress, grief, affliction, anxiety, ill, suffering, trouble, plague, cause of grief, calamity, cry of anguish, in Hom. always of mind, ἄχος αἰνόν, ἄλαστον, ἄτλητον, ὀξύ, Il.4.169, al.; ἄχεος νεφέλη μέλαινα 17.591; ἄχε' ἄκριτα 3.412; τὸν δ' εἷλεν ἄχος κραδίαν B.10.85; also of physical ills, Pi.P.3.50 (pl.); δειμάτων ἄχη A.Ch.586 (lyr.); ἀκοῦ δ' ἄχος, with a play on the words, S.Tr.1035; οὐράνι' ἄχη A.Pers.573 (lyr.); ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχε', ἄχεα κατέλιπε Ar.Ra.1353 (paratrag.), cf. 1531 (hex.).—Rare in Prose, ἡ παῖς ἀπήγξατο ὑπὸ ἄχεος Hdt.2.131; ἄ. αὐτὸν ἔλαβεν X.Cyr.5.5.6, cf. Plu.Cor.20.
2 Doric for ἦχος (sound).

Spanish (DGE)

ἄχεος, τό
• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]
1 sent. moral dolor, aflicción como reacción a distintos sucesos desgraciados:
a) por muerte o herida Ἕκτορα δ' αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας Il.17.83, οὐράνι' ἄχη dolores que claman al cielo A.Pers.573, cf. Il.17.591, Alcm.116, E.Fr.3.Sn.A., c. expresión de la causa en gen. Πατρόκλῳ δ' ἄρ' ἄχος γένετο φθιμένου ἑτάροιο Il.16.581, μοι αἰνὸν ἄχος σέθεν ἔσσεται Il.4.169, cf. 12.392;
b) por humillación o ultraje Πηλεΐωνι δ' ἄχος γένετ' Il.1.188, Τρῶας δ' ἄχος ἔλλαβε θυμόν Il.14.475, ἔχω δ' ἄχε' ἄκριτα θυμῷ Il.3.412, cf. 16.52, Od.16.87, h.Dem.90, ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα Il.19.125, ἐν δέ οἱ ἤτορ δῦν' ἄχος ἄτλητον Il.19.367, δριμὺ δ' Ἄρη ἄχος εἷλεν Hes.Sc.457, δνοφέοις ἀχέεσσιν Ibyc.222.6S., cf. B.11.85, ἡ παῖς ἀπήγξατο ὑπὸ ἀχέος Hdt.2.131, cf. X.Cyr.5.5.6, Plu.Cor.20, βαρύζηλα ἄχεα Nonn.D.8.281;
c) por el terror ante una situación angustiosa Ἀτρεΐδης δ' ἄχεϊ μεγάλῳ βεβολημένος ἦτορ Il.9.9, cf. Od.10.247, ἄχος οἱ χύτο μυρίον ὀφθαλμοῖσι Il.20.282, δεινὰ δειμάτων ἄχη terribles terrores dolorosos A.Ch.586, cf. ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχε' ἄχεα κατέλιπε (parod.), Ar.Ra.1353;
d) c. sent. más gener. δᾶμον ὑπὲξ ἀχέων ῥύεσθαι Alc.129.20, cf. 370, ἀνδρείων ἀχέων ἀπόκληροι Emp.B 147.2, δεινὸν ... ἄχος Philostr.VS 498 (= Antipho Soph.A 6), def. como λύπη ἀφωνίαν ἐμποιοῦσα Chrysipp.Stoic.3.100.
2 sent. fís. dolor, sufrimiento de Asclepio λύσαις ἄλλον ἀλλοίων ἀχέων ἔξαγεν Pi.P.3.50, ἀκοῦ δ' ἄχος S.Tr.1036, cf. ἄχη· λύπας Hp. en Erot.21.6.
• Etimología: Se rel. gener. c. gót. agis, ags. ege ‘temor’, gót. ōg, airl. ad-āgor ‘yo temo’, aunque hay dificultades semánticas. Es posible que se trate de la misma raíz *H2egh- de ἄχθος q.u.

German (Pape)

[Seite 419] τό, Schmerz, Pind. P. 3, 50. 4, 237. Bei Hom. oft, von Gemüthszuständen, Betrübnis, Ärger, Unmut, ἐπεί μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἵκανεν Il. 2, 171; τινός, um jemand; ἄχος αὐτὸν ἔλαβε Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 32; ἄχος ἄγειν Soph. El. 119. Häufiger noch in späterer Prosa, bes. Plut.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ion. -εος, att. -ους (τό) :
douleur morale, chagrin, affliction : τινος IL au sujet de qqn.
Étymologie: R. Ἀχ, presser, étreindre ; cf. ἄχνυμαι.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἄχος: εος (ᾰ) τό
1 (физическая) боль, страдание Pind.;
2 скорбь, печаль, горе Hom., Trag., Her., Xen., Plut.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἄχος: -εος, τό, (ἴδε ἐν λ. ἄγχω), ἐνδόμυχος, σφοδρὰ λύπη, «ἔστι δὲ ἄχος λύπη ἀφωνίαν ἐμποιοῦσα» Εὐστ. παρ’ Ὁμ. ἀείποτε θλῖψις τῆς ψυχῆς, ἄχος αἰνόν, ἄλαστον, ἄτλητον, ὀξύ Ἰλ. Δ. 169, κ. ἀλλ., ἄχεος νεφέλη μέλαινα Ρ. 591· ἄχε’ ἄκριτα Γ. 412· παρὰ Πινδ. καὶ τοῖς Τραγ. ἐπί τε τοῦ σώματος καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς δειμάτων ἄχη Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 505· ἀκοῦ δ’ ἄχος Σοφ. Τρ. 1035· περὶ τοῦ οὐρανίου ἄχους, ἴδε ἐν λ. οὐράνιος· ἐμοί δ’ ἄχε’, ἄχεα κατέλιπε, παρῳδούμενος τραγικὸς στίχος ἐν Ἀριστοφ. Βατρ. 1353. - Σπάνιον παρὰ τοῖς πεζολόγοις, οἷον ἐν Ἡροδ. 2. 131, Ξεν. Κύρ. 5. 5, 6.

English (Autenrieth)

εος (root ἀχ): anguish, distress, for oneself or for another (τινός), pl. ἄχεα, woes; ἀλλά μοι αἰνὸν ἄχος σέθεν ἔσσεται, ὦ Μενέλᾶε, | αἴ κε θάνῃς, Il. 4.169; so ἄχος γένετό τινι, ἀμφεχύθη, εἷλεν, ἔλαβέ τινα, θῦμὸν ἵκᾶνεν, etc.; ἔχω ἄχἐ ἄκριτα θῦμῷ, Il. 3.412, Ζ, Od. 19.167.

English (Slater)

ᾰχος pain, distress ἄλλον ἀλλοίων ἀχέων ἔξαγεν sc. Asklepios (P. 3.50) ἴυξεν δ' ἀφωνήτῳ περ ἔμπας ἄχει Αἰήτας (P. 4.237)

Greek Monolingual

ο
1. ήχος, βοή
2. υπόκωφος ήχος
3. ήχος φλογέρας ή άλλου οργάνου
4. αναστεναγμός («αναστενάζω, βγαίνει αχός, και μέσα μένει ο πόνος»).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < αχώ < ηχώ].

Greek Monotonic

ἄχος: -εος, τό, πόνος, ενόχληση, σε Όμηρ., Πίνδ., Αττ. ποιητές.

Middle Liddell

pain, distress, Hom., Pind., Attic Poets.

English (Woodhouse)

distress, grief, pain, sorrow, trouble, physical or mental pain

Translations

pain

Abkhaz: ахьаа; Adyghe: узы, уз; Afrikaans: pyn; Albanian: dhembje; Amharic: ጣረሞት; Arabic: أَلَم‎, وَجَع‎; Egyptian Arabic: ألم‎; Armenian: ցավ; Assamese: বিষ; Asturian: dolor; Azerbaijani: ağrı, acı; Bashkir: ауыртыу; Basque: min; Belarusian: боль; Bengali: ব্যথা; Breton: poan; Bulgarian: болка; Burmese: ဝေဒနာ, ဒုက္ခ; Catalan: dolor; Chechen: лазар; Cherokee: ᎠᎩᏟᏱ; Chinese Dungan: тын; Mandarin: 疼痛, 苦痛, 疼, 痛, 痛苦; Chuvash: ырату; Crimean Tatar: ağrı, accı; Czech: bolest; Danish: smerte; Dutch: pijn; Esperanto: doloro; Estonian: valu; Faroese: pína, ilska, verkur, sviði; Finnish: kipu, kärsimys, särky, tuska, piina, jomotus; French: douleur, mal; Old French: peine, dolor; Friulian: dolôr; Gagauz: aarı; Galician: dor; Georgian: ტკივილი; German: Schmerz; Greek: πόνος; Ancient Greek: ἄλγος, ὀδύνη; Greenlandic: anniaat; Guaraní: rasy, tasy; Gujarati: પીડા; Hawaiian: ʻeha; Hebrew: כְּאֵב‎; Hindi: दर्द, पीड़ा, व्यथा; Hungarian: fájdalom, kín; Icelandic: sársauki, verkur; Ido: doloro; Indonesian: sakit, nyeri; Irish: pian; Istriot: dulur; Italian: dolore; Japanese: 痛み, 苦痛; Kannada: ನೋವು, ಬೇನೆ; Kashubian: bòlesc; Kazakh: ауру, жара, сыздау; Khmer: ជំហឺ, ការឈឺចាប់; Komi-Permyak: висьӧм; Korean: 아픔, 통증, 고통; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ئازار‎, ژان‎; Northern Kurdish: elem; Kyrgyz: оору; Ladino: dolor, דולור‎; Lao: ຄວາມເຈັບ; Latgalian: suope; Latin: dolor; Latvian: sāpes; Lithuanian: skausmas, kančia, gėla; Low German: Wehdag, Wehdaag; Luxembourgish: Péng; Macedonian: болка; Malay: sakit; Malayalam: വേദന; Maltese: uġigħ; Maori: mamae; Mongolian: өвчин; Mwani: malwazo; Navajo: diniih; Neapolitan: dulore; Nepali: पीडा; Ngazidja Comorian: ndroso; Northern Altai: аарыг; Norwegian Bokmål: smerte; Nynorsk: smerte; Occitan: dolor; Old Church Slavonic: боль; Old East Slavic: боль; Old English: sār, eċe; Old Occitan: pena, dolor; Old Portuguese: door; Oriya: ପିଠ, କ୍ଳେଶ; Ossetian: рыст, рис; Pali: vedanā; Pashto: درد‎, دړد‎; Persian: درد‎; Pitjantjatjara: pika; Plautdietsch: Wee; Polish: ból; Portuguese: dor; Punjabi: ਦਰਦ, پِیڑ‎, دَرد‎, ڈول‎; Quechua: nanay; Romani: dukh; Romanian: durere, chin; Romansch: dolur, dalur, dolour, dulur; Russian: боль; Rusyn: боль, біль; Sanskrit: पीडा, व्यथा, बाधा; Saterland Frisian: Kwoal; Scottish Gaelic: pian, cràdh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: бол, мука; Roman: bol, muka; Sicilian: duluri, ruluri, diluri, riluri; Sindhi: سور‎; Sinhalese: වේදනාව; Slovak: bolesť; Slovene: bolečina; Slovincian: bȯ́u̯l; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: ból; Upper Sorbian: ból; Southern Altai: оору, сыс; Spanish: dolor; Swahili: umwa; Swedish: smärta; Tagalog: sakit, pananakit; Tajik: дард‍; Talysh: داژ‎; Tamil: வலி, வேதனை, நோவு; Tatar: ачы, авырту, сызлау, авырту; Telugu: నొప్పి; Thai: ความเจ็บ; Tibetan: ཟུག; Tigrinya: ቃንዛ; Tocharian B: lakle; Turkish: acı, ağrı; Turkmen: ajy, agyry; Tuvan: аарыг, аарышкылыы; Ukrainian: біль; Urdu: درد‎, پیڑا‎; Uyghur: ئاغرىق‎, ئەلەم‎; Uzbek: ogʻriq, alam, dard; Venetian: dolor, dołor; Vietnamese: đau, sự đau đớn; Waray-Waray: ul-ul, su-ol; Welsh: poen, dolur; White Hmong: mob; Wolof: metit; Yakut: ыарыы; Yiddish: ווייטיק‎, וויי‎, יסורים‎, פּײַן‎, מיחוש‎, ווייעניש‎; Yucatec Maya: k'iinam; Zazaki: dej, tew; Zhuang: in, indot, inget

grief

Albanian: pikëllim, mjerim; Arabic: غَمّ‎, حُزْن‎, كَآبَة‎, كَدَر‎, أَسَى‎; Armenian: սուգ, վիշտ; Azerbaijani: qəm, kədər, hüzn, dərd, ələm, qüssə, qəm-qüssə; Bashkir: ҡайғы; Belarusian: гора, смутак, туга, туга, жаль, журба, журбота; Bengali: দুঃখ, দেরেগ, গোসা, নারাজী; Bulgarian: мъ́ка, скръб, печал, тъга; Burmese: ပရိဒေဝ, အဆွေး; Buryat: гуниг; Catalan: dolor, pena; Chinese Mandarin: 悲苦, 感傷, 感伤, 悲哀; Czech: žal, smutek; Danish: sorg; Dutch: rouw, leedwezen, smart, verdriet; Esperanto: ĉagreno; Estonian: lein; Ewe: konyifafa; Finnish: suru, murhe; French: douleur, peine; Galician: pena, coita, pesar, dor, mágoa, dó; Georgian: წუხილი; German: Kummer, Gram, Leid; Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰; Greek: πόνος, θλίψη, οδύνη, συντριβή; Ancient Greek: λύπη; Hebrew: אֵבֶל‎; Hindi: दुःख, शोक, ग़म, मातम; Hungarian: gyász, bánat, bú, búbánat, szomorúság; Icelandic: sorg; Ido: chagreno; Indonesian: pilu; Irish: brón, cumha; Italian: dolore, pena, sofferenza; Japanese: 悲しみ, 悲哀; Kazakh: қайғы; Khmer: ពិធុរ, សំណោក, អនុសោក; Kikuyu: kĩeha; Korean: 비애(悲哀), 슬픔; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خەفەت‎; Kyrgyz: кайгы; Lao: ຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າ; Latin: aegritudo, dolor, tristitudo; Latvian: skumjas, bēdas, sirdēsti; Lithuanian: sielvartas, širdgėla; Macedonian: тага; Malay: duka, ratapan, sugul, dukachita, hiba; Maori: pāmamae, rāwakiwaki, pāpōuri, auhi; Norwegian Bokmål: sorg; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: гор҄е, тѫга; Old East Slavic: туга, печаль; Old English: caru; Persian: غم‎, سوگ‎; Polish: żal, smutek, zmartwienie; Portuguese: pesar; Quechua: phutiy; Romanian: tristețe, întristare, mâhnire; Russian: горе, печаль, скорбь, кручина, туга; Sango: vundü; Sanskrit: दुःख; Scottish Gaelic: bròn, dòlas, doilgheas, èislean, mulad; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: туга, беда, биједа; Roman: túga, béda, bijéda; Slovak: žiaľ, smútok; Slovene: žalost; Spanish: pesar, pesadumbre, dolor, sufrimiento, pena, calamidad, sinsabor; Swahili: ghamu; Swedish: sorg, bedrövelse; Tajik: ғам, суг; Tatar: кайгы; Thai: ความเศร้า; Turkish: hüzün, keder; Turkmen: hasrat; Ukrainian: горе, жаль, печаль, скорбота, смуток, туга, журба, жалощі, журбота; Urdu: غَم‎; Uyghur: قايغۇ‎; Uzbek: qaygʻu, gʻam, dogʻ, hasrat; Vietnamese: buồn, buồn rầu; Welsh: gofid, galar; Zazaki: keder, qaxu, ğem

affliction

Armenian: վիշտ; Bulgarian: болка, измъчване, огорчение; Chinese Cantonese: 痛苦; Mandarin: 痛苦; Dutch: lijden, pijn; Esperanto: aflikto; Finnish: kärsimys, tuska; French: affliction, détresse; Galician: anoto; German: Leiden, Behinderung; Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰; Greek: συμφορά, βάσανο; Ancient Greek: ἀπόκναισις, ἄχεα, ἄχη, ἀχθηδών, ἄχος, δυηπάθια, δυηπαθίη, δυσπάθεια, δυσπαθία, δυσχέρημα, ἔκθλιψις, ἔτασις, θλῖψις, κακοπάθεια, κακοπαθία, καταπόνησις, λύπη, μέρμηρα, ξυνοχή, πεῖσις, πένθος, πωρητύς, σαββώ, συνοχή, συντριβή, σύντριμμα, συντριμμός, τὰ δύσφορα; Irish: angar, galar, doilíos; Italian: afflizione; Ladino: afrision, afriisyon; Malay: kepayahan; Plautdietsch: Älent; Polish: cierpienie, przypadłość, afekcja; Portuguese: aflição; Russian: страдание, печаль, огорчение, боль, горе, мучение; Serbo-Croatian: patnja, trpljenje; Spanish: aflicción, tribulación, quebranto; Turkish: ızdırap, dert, keder