μέταλλον: Difference between revisions
καὶ ποταμοὺς τινας διαβάντες ἐν μεγίστῃ παρεγινόμεθα κώμῃ → and having crossed some rivers we reached a very large village
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[mine]], [[quarry]] (Hdt., Th., X., Att. inscr.), late also [[mineral]], [[metal]] (Nonn., AP, backformation from <b class="b3">μεταλλεύω</b>).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">μεταλλ-ουργός</b> [[miner]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> (D.S., Dsc.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">μεταλλεῖα</b> n. pl. [[minerals]], [[metals]] (Pl. Lg. 678 d), substantiv. of <b class="b3">*μεταλλεῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a mine</b>. 2. <b class="b3">μεταλλικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the mines</b> (D., Arist.). 3. <b class="b3">μεταλλεύς</b> m. [[miner]] (Lys., Pl. Lg., Att. inscr.; Boßhardt 60f.); from there, or from <b class="b3">μέταλλον</b>, 4. <b class="b3">μεταλλεύω</b> <b class="b2">be miner, work in the mines, dig up from quarries</b> (Pl., LXX, Arist.) with <b class="b3">μεταλλ-εία</b> (Pl., Str.), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b> (Ph. Bel.) [[mining]], <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> = <b class="b3">μεταλλεύς</b> (Str.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 63 f.), <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to mining</b> (Pl. Lg., Arist., pap.). 5. <b class="b3">μεταλλίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be condemned to the mines</b> (Cod. Just.). 6. <b class="b3">μεταλλῖτις γῆ τις</b> H. (Redard 108). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> [[investigate]], [[inquire]], [[examine]] (Il., late prose), cf. below.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Technical term for mining and as such suspect to be a loan. The attempt to explain <b class="b3">μέταλλον</b> from <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> as backformation (Eichhorn, De graecae linguae nominibus deriv. retrogr. conformatis. Diss. Göttingen 1912, S. 47 f.; rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 299, but accepted by id. Glotta 32, 1 n. 1), does not help, as for the verb no convincing etymology has been found; the explanation from <b class="b3">μετ</b>' <b class="b3">ἄλλα</b>, prop. "(inquire) after other (things)", e.g. Buttmann Lexilogus 1, 139 f. (with Eust.), Kretschmer l.c., is hardly convincing. Much more probable is, to see in the denominative <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> an orig. tecnical term, which was by ep. poets used in metaph. sense, but further came out of use. -- For foreign origin a. o. Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4: 2,525, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181, Kretschmer Glotta 31, 13; on Pre-Greek <b class="b3">-αλλ-</b> Beekes, FS Kortlandt. Vain IE a. Sem. interpretations in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[metallum]] [[mining]], [[metal]], from where NHG [[Metall]] etc.; on further derivv. in western and eastern languages Maidhof Glotta 10, 14 f. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[mine]], [[quarry]] (Hdt., Th., X., Att. inscr.), late also [[mineral]], [[metal]] (Nonn., AP, backformation from <b class="b3">μεταλλεύω</b>).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">μεταλλ-ουργός</b> [[miner]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> (D.S., Dsc.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">μεταλλεῖα</b> n. pl. [[minerals]], [[metals]] (Pl. Lg. 678 d), substantiv. of <b class="b3">*μεταλλεῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a mine</b>. 2. <b class="b3">μεταλλικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the mines</b> (D., Arist.). 3. <b class="b3">μεταλλεύς</b> m. [[miner]] (Lys., Pl. Lg., Att. inscr.; Boßhardt 60f.); from there, or from <b class="b3">μέταλλον</b>, 4. <b class="b3">μεταλλεύω</b> <b class="b2">be miner, work in the mines, dig up from quarries</b> (Pl., LXX, Arist.) with <b class="b3">μεταλλ-εία</b> (Pl., Str.), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b> (Ph. Bel.) [[mining]], <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> = <b class="b3">μεταλλεύς</b> (Str.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 63 f.), <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to mining</b> (Pl. Lg., Arist., pap.). 5. <b class="b3">μεταλλίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be condemned to the mines</b> (Cod. Just.). 6. <b class="b3">μεταλλῖτις γῆ τις</b> H. (Redard 108). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> [[investigate]], [[inquire]], [[examine]] (Il., late prose), cf. below.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Technical term for mining and as such suspect to be a loan. The attempt to explain <b class="b3">μέταλλον</b> from <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> as backformation (Eichhorn, De graecae linguae nominibus deriv. retrogr. conformatis. Diss. Göttingen 1912, S. 47 f.; rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 299, but accepted by id. Glotta 32, 1 n. 1), does not help, as for the verb no convincing etymology has been found; the explanation from <b class="b3">μετ</b>' <b class="b3">ἄλλα</b>, prop. "(inquire) after other (things)", e.g. Buttmann Lexilogus 1, 139 f. (with Eust.), Kretschmer l.c., is hardly convincing. Much more probable is, to see in the denominative <b class="b3">μεταλλάω</b> an orig. tecnical term, which was by ep. poets used in metaph. sense, but further came out of use. -- For foreign origin a. o. Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4: 2,525, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181, Kretschmer Glotta 31, 13; on Pre-Greek <b class="b3">-αλλ-</b> Beekes, FS Kortlandt. Vain IE a. Sem. interpretations in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[metallum]] [[mining]], [[metal]], from where NHG [[Metall]] etc.; on further derivv. in western and eastern languages Maidhof Glotta 10, 14 f. | ||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[μέταλλον]], ου, τό,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[mine]] or [[quarry]], ἁλὸς [[μέταλλον]] a [[salt]]- pit, [[salt]]- [[mine]], Hdt.; χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα [[gold]] and [[silver]] mines, Hdt.; μέταλλα ([[alone]]) [[silver]] mines, Xen.; μαρμάρου μ. [[marble]] quarries, Strab.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[sense]] of [[metal]], Lat. [[metallum]], does not [[occur]] in classical Greek. [Prob., like [[μεταλλάω]], from μετ' ἄλλα, a [[search]] for [[other]] things.] | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 03:45, 10 January 2019
English (LSJ)
τό,
A mine, quarry, ἁλὸς μέταλλον salt-pit, salt-mine, Hdt.4.185; μ. τετμημένον Hyp.Eux.35; μ. παλαιὸν ἀνασάξιμον IG 22.1582.56: mostly in pl., χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα gold and silver mines, Hdt.3.57; τὰ ἀργύρεια μ., at Laurium, Th.2.55; μέταλλα (alone) silver mines, X.Vect.4.4; μαρμάρου μ. marble quarries, Str.9.1.23. 2 mine in siege-operations, πολιορκεῖν διὰ τῶν μ. Plb.16.11.2, al. 3 metaph., work, οὐδ' ἐν τοῖς ἀργυρείοις [ἐστί] μοι μ. Alciphr.1.36. II later, mineral, metal, Sammelb.4313 (i/ii A. D.), Ruf. ap. Orib.5.3.21, Nonn.D.11.26, Agath.5.9, AP7.363. (On the etym. cf. μεταλλάω.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 149] τό (vgl. μεταλλάω, also eigentl. das Durchsuchen, der Ort wo man sucht und das Gesuchte selbst, vgl. Buttm. Lexil. I p. 140), Bergwerke, Gruben, in denen man nach Erz, Metallen, Steinen u. vgl. sucht; Her. 5, 17; χρύσεα μέταλλα, Goldgruben, 6, 46 (wie Thuc. 1, 100); auch ἁλὸς μέταλλον, Salzgrube, 4, 185; λευκοῦ λίθου, Strab. XIII, 1, öfter; ἀργύρεια, Silberbergwerke, Thuc. 2, 55; Plut. Them. 4; μέταλλα ὅλα χρυσίου, Luc. Gall. 6. Auch übh. Minen, ἤρξατο πολιορκῶν διὰ τῶν μετάλλων, Pol. 16, 11, 2. – Sp. auch das in den Gruben Gefundene, das Ausgegrabene, bes. Erz, Metall.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
μέταλλον: τό, μεταλλεῖον ἢ λατομεῖον, ἁλὸς μέταλλον, ἀλατωρυχεῖον, Ἡρόδ. 4. 185· μ. τέμνειν Ὑπερείδ. ὑπὲρ Εὐξενίππ. 44· τὸ πλεῖστον ἐν τῷ πληθ., χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα, χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου μεταλλεῖα, Ἡρόδ. 3. 57· τὰ ἀργύρεια μ., ἐν Λαυρείῳ, Θουκυδ. 2. 18· μέταλλα (μόνον), ἀργύρου μεταλλεῖα, Ξενοφ. Πόροι 4, 4· μαρμάρου μ., λατομεῖα μαρμάρου, Στράβ. 399. 2) ὑπόνομος ἐν πολιορκίᾳ, πολιορκεῖν διὰ τῶν μ. Πολύβ. 16. 11, 2. 3) μεταφορ., ἐργασία, οὐδ’ ἐν τοῖς ἀργυρείοις [ἐστί] μοι μ. Ἀλκίφρων 1. 36. ΙΙ. ἡ ἔννοια τοῦ ὀρυκτοῦ ἢ μετάλλου ἥτις ἐπικρατεῖ ἐν τῷ Λατ. metallum ἀπαντᾷ μόνον ἐν τῷ παραγώγῳ μεταλλικός, καὶ τοῦτο μόνον παρὰ μεταγεν. (μέταλλον οὐδαμοῦ παρ’ Ὁμ.· ἀλλ’ ὑπάρχει παρ’ αὐτῷ τὸ ῥῆμ. μεταλλάω, ἀείποτε ἐπὶ τῆς σημασίας τοῦ ζητῶ τι, ἐρευνῶ διά τι, ― ὥστε ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς σημασία τῆς λέξεως μέταλλον πιθανῶς εἶναι: τόπος ζητήσεως, ἐρεύνης· πρβλ. Πλίν. 33. 1.)
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (τό) :
I. mine, càd tranchée pour la recherche de l’eau, des métaux;
II. le produit qu’on extrait de cette tranchée, d’où
1 mine (d’or, d’argent, etc.);
2 gisement de sel.
Étymologie: DELG μεταλλάω.
Greek Monotonic
μέταλλον: τό,
I. μεταλλείο ή λατομείο, ἁλὸς μέταλλον, ορυχείο αλατιού, αλατωρυχείο, σε Ηρόδ.· χρύσεα καὶἀργύρεα μέταλλα, ορυχεία αργύρου και χρυσού, στον ίδ.· μέταλλα (μόνο), ορυχεία αργύρου, σε Ξεν.· μαρμάρου μέταλλον, λατομεία μαρμάρου, σε Στράβ.
II. η έννοια του μετάλλου, Λατ. metallum, δεν υπάρχει στην κλασική περίοδο της ελλ. γλώσσας (πιθ. όπως το μεταλλάω, από το μετ' ἄλλα, έρευνα για άλλα πράγματα).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
μέταλλον: τό
1) шахты, копи (ἁλὸς μ. Her.);
2) pl. рудники (χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα Her.);
3) pl. воен. земляные работы, подкопы (πολιορκεῖν διὰ τῶν μετάλλων Polyb.).
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: mine, quarry (Hdt., Th., X., Att. inscr.), late also mineral, metal (Nonn., AP, backformation from μεταλλεύω).
Compounds: As 1. member in μεταλλ-ουργός miner with -έω, -εῖον (D.S., Dsc.).
Derivatives: 1. μεταλλεῖα n. pl. minerals, metals (Pl. Lg. 678 d), substantiv. of *μεταλλεῖος belonging to a mine. 2. μεταλλικός belonging to the mines (D., Arist.). 3. μεταλλεύς m. miner (Lys., Pl. Lg., Att. inscr.; Boßhardt 60f.); from there, or from μέταλλον, 4. μεταλλεύω be miner, work in the mines, dig up from quarries (Pl., LXX, Arist.) with μεταλλ-εία (Pl., Str.), -ευσις (Ph. Bel.) mining, -ευτής = μεταλλεύς (Str.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 63 f.), -ευτικός belonging to mining (Pl. Lg., Arist., pap.). 5. μεταλλίζομαι be condemned to the mines (Cod. Just.). 6. μεταλλῖτις γῆ τις H. (Redard 108). -- On itself stands μεταλλάω investigate, inquire, examine (Il., late prose), cf. below.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Technical term for mining and as such suspect to be a loan. The attempt to explain μέταλλον from μεταλλάω as backformation (Eichhorn, De graecae linguae nominibus deriv. retrogr. conformatis. Diss. Göttingen 1912, S. 47 f.; rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 299, but accepted by id. Glotta 32, 1 n. 1), does not help, as for the verb no convincing etymology has been found; the explanation from μετ' ἄλλα, prop. "(inquire) after other (things)", e.g. Buttmann Lexilogus 1, 139 f. (with Eust.), Kretschmer l.c., is hardly convincing. Much more probable is, to see in the denominative μεταλλάω an orig. tecnical term, which was by ep. poets used in metaph. sense, but further came out of use. -- For foreign origin a. o. Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4: 2,525, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181, Kretschmer Glotta 31, 13; on Pre-Greek -αλλ- Beekes, FS Kortlandt. Vain IE a. Sem. interpretations in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] metallum mining, metal, from where NHG Metall etc.; on further derivv. in western and eastern languages Maidhof Glotta 10, 14 f.
Middle Liddell
μέταλλον, ου, τό,
I. a mine or quarry, ἁλὸς μέταλλον a salt- pit, salt- mine, Hdt.; χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα gold and silver mines, Hdt.; μέταλλα (alone) silver mines, Xen.; μαρμάρου μ. marble quarries, Strab.
II. the sense of metal, Lat. metallum, does not occur in classical Greek. [Prob., like μεταλλάω, from μετ' ἄλλα, a search for other things.]