κἄν: Difference between revisions
ἐν δὲ μηνὸς πρῶτον τύχεν ἆμαρ → it chanced to be on the first of the month, that day fell on the first of the month
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|Transliteration C=kan | |Transliteration C=kan | ||
|Beta Code=ka)/n | |Beta Code=ka)/n | ||
|Definition=(not <b class="b3">κᾄν</b>), by crasis, <span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> for <b class="b3">καὶ | |Definition=(not <b class="b3">κᾄν</b>), by crasis, <span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> for <b class="b3">καὶ ἄν…</b>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>357</span>, freq. in Att.: not often when <b class="b3">καί</b> is simply copul., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>79a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span> 514d</span>; but freq. when <b class="b3">καί</b> is intens., <b class="b3">ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη</b> <b class="b2">even</b> a great thing, Hes. l.c.; κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>615</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">591</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>45</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1130</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.61</span>, etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ... εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν... βελτίων ἂν γένοιο <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prt.</span>318b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>515e</span>; freq. in the phrase <b class="b3">κ. εἰ</b>, where <b class="b3">καί</b> properly belongs to <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, <b class="b2">even if</b>, and <b class="b3">ἄν</b> to the Verb that follows in apodosi, <b class="b3">νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν</b> (for <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν</b>) <span class="bibl">D.21.51</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with <b class="b3">ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ</b> [<b class="b3">αἱ ἀρεταί</b>]… εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 72c</span>; κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>473a</span>, <span class="bibl">579d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">408b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>71b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>247e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>136a31</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr. without <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, simply as a stronger form of <b class="b3">καί</b>, <b class="b2">even</b>, εἴσελθε κ. νῦν <span class="bibl">Men.342</span>; κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα <span class="bibl">Theoc.23.41</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">35</span> (v.l.) (and so with <b class="b3">εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.19</span>; εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">P.</span>2.195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.29</span>); ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>5.28</span>; <b class="b3">κ. νῦν</b> now <b class="b2">at any rate</b>, POxy.2151.7 (iii A.D.); <b class="b3">κἂν ὧς</b> <b class="b2">even</b> so, <b class="b2">nevertheless</b>, ib.123.7 (iii/iv A.D.); οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>20</span> codd., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DDeor.</span>5.2</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> for <b class="b3">καὶ ἄν</b> ( ἐάν), <b class="b2">even if</b>, with the same moods as <b class="b3">ἐάν</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>15</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>319c</span>, etc.: freq. used ellipt., <b class="b3">ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">πέσῃ</b>) ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1078</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>92</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>1021</span>, and so prob. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1483</span>: later folld. by ind., κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>70.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κἄν... κἄν…</b>, <b class="b2">whether... or</b>... κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν <span class="bibl">D.25.15</span>.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 11:45, 26 February 2019
English (LSJ)
(not κᾄν), by crasis, I for καὶ ἄν…, v.l. in Hes.Op.357, freq. in Att.: not often when καί is simply copul., Pl.Phd.79a, Grg. 514d; but freq. when καί is intens., ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη even a great thing, Hes. l.c.; κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ S.OT615, cf. 591, Aj.45, Ar.Nu.1130, Th.7.61, etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ... εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν... βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Pl. Prt.318b, cf. R.515e; freq. in the phrase κ. εἰ, where καί properly belongs to εἰ, even if, and ἄν to the Verb that follows in apodosi, νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν (for καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν) D.21.51: hence, 2 even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ [αἱ ἀρεταί]… εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι Pl.Men. 72c; κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ Id.R.473a, 579d, cf. 408b, Phd.71b, Sph.247e, Arist.Top.136a31, al. 3 in later Gr. without εἰ, simply as a stronger form of καί, even, εἴσελθε κ. νῦν Men.342; κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα Theoc.23.41, cf. 35 (v.l.) (and so with εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς v.l. in X.HG1.7.19; εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο S.E. P.2.195, cf. Ph.2.29); ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων Ev.Marc.5.28; κ. νῦν now at any rate, POxy.2151.7 (iii A.D.); κἂν ὧς even so, nevertheless, ib.123.7 (iii/iv A.D.); οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε Luc.Tim.20 codd., cf. DDeor.5.2, etc. II for καὶ ἄν ( ἐάν), even if, with the same moods as ἐάν, S.Aj.15, Pl.Prt.319c, etc.: freq. used ellipt., ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ. (sc. πέσῃ) ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ S.Aj.1078, cf. Ar.V.92, Ach.1021, and so prob. in S.El.1483: later folld. by ind., κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν A.D.Synt.70.22. 2 κἄν... κἄν…, whether... or... κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν D.25.15.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1319] 1) = καὶ ἄν; Hes. O. 359; bei den Attikern nicht selten, in allen Vbdgn wie ἄν, z. B. εἰ γὰρ ἦν τοῦτ' αἴτιον, κἂν ἐγὼ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπεπόνθειν, so würde auch mir dasselbe widerfahren sein, Plat. Rep. I, 329 b; ταῦτα τὰ ἐρωτικὰ ἴσως κἂν σὺ μυηθείης Conv. 209 e. – Vor εἰ zuweilen elliptisch, ein Verbum zu κἄν zu ergänzen, ἀλλὰ κἂν εἰ ὀλί. γον ἔστι τις ὅστις διαφέρει ἀγαπητόν Prot. 328 a; Phaed. 71 b κἂν εἰ σμικρὸν καθαρὸν δὲ εἴη; κἂν εἰ μόνον εἰς ἅπαξ Soph. 247 a. – 21 = καὶ ἐάν, auch im Falle daß, sogar wenn, c. conj., Soph. Ai. 15, oft, u. A., κἂν πάνυ καλὸς ᾖ Plat. Prot. 319 c; κἄν – κἄν, sei es daß – oder daß, sive – sive, Dem. 25, 15. – 31 = καὶ ἐν, wo es richtiger κἀν geschrieben wird.
French (Bailly abrégé)
I. par crase p. καὶ ἄν :
1 « également, aussi bien », avec les mêmes modes que ἄν ; εἰ γὰρ… κἂν ἐγώ, etc., car si… moi aussi je (serais) etc. ; κἂν σύ, toi aussi tu (serais), aussi bien tu (serais);
2 « même », souv. suivi de εἰ, κἂν εἰ = καὶ ἂν εἰ, même si, avec idée de conditionnel : κἂν εἰ μὴ δοκεῖ PLAT même si cela ne paraît pas bon, quand même cela ne paraîtrait pas bon ; ou avec l’opt. : κἂν εἰ τύχοιεν PLAT quand même ils se trouveraient, etc.
3 postér. κἄν (non suivi de εἰ) même, au sens de au moins : ἀλλά μοι πάρες κἂν σμικρὸν εἰπεῖν SOPH mais viens auprès de moi me parler ne fût-ce qu’un peu ; οἷς οὐδὲ κἂν ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε LUC ceux qui n’ont jamais eu même un âne;
II. pour καὶ ἐάν :
1 et si : κἂν … κἄν DÉM et si… et si, soit que… soit que, avec les mêmes modes que ἐάν;
2 même si, quand même, quoique, avec le sbj. ou l’opt.
Étymologie: v. ἄν et ἐάν.
English (Strong)
from καί and ἐάν; and (or even) if: and (also) if (so much as), if but, at the least, though, yet.
English (Thayer)
(Griesbach κἄν; see κἀγώ, at the beginning), by crusts for καί ἐάν (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 5,3; Buttmann, p. 10; Tdf Proleg., p. 97; WH's Appendix, p. 145{b}); hence joined with the subjunctive;
1. and if: G L; T Tr text WH; L T Tr WH; L WH, 2^b Tr text WH, 3^a L Tr WH, 3^b L WH); κἄν μέν ποιήσῃ καρπόν, namely, εὖ ἔχει it is well (or some such phrase), Winer s Grammar, 600 (558); (Buttmann, § 151,26).
2. also or even if;
a. if only, at least, in abridged discourse: κἄν τόν ἱματίων αὐτοῦ, namely, ἅψωμαι, ἵνα (namely, ἅψωνται αὐτοῦ) κἄν τοῦ κρασπέδου ... ἅψωνται, ἵνα ἐρχομένου Πέτρου (namely, τί αὐτοῦ ἐπισκιάσῃ αὐτῶν) κἄν ἡ σκιά etc. κἄν ὡς ἄφρονα namely, δεξησθε με, Buttmann, § 149,6; (Winer s Grammar, 584 (543); Green, Gram. of the N. T., p. 230; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 139f; Liddell and Scott, under the word; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word).
b. even if: Hebrews 12:20.
Greek Monotonic
κἄν: κράση, αντί καὶ ἄν, σε Ησίοδ., Αττ.·
I. κακὸν δὲ κἂν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ, σε Σοφ.· έπειτα το κἄν κατέληξε να χρησιμοποιείται, ακόμη κι όταν το ρήμα της απόδοσης ήταν σε χρόνο που δεν συντάσσεται με ἄν, όπως κἂν εἰ πολλαὶ (αἱ ἀρεταί) εἰσιν αντί ὦσι, σε Πλάτ.
II. αντί καὶ ἄν ή ἐάν, και αν, ακόμη κι αν, αν και, σε Σοφ., Αριστοφ. κ.λπ.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
κἄν crasis voor καὶ ἄν.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κἄν:
1) (in crasi = καὶ ἄν) также бы: κἂν σὺ βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Plat. (научившись чему-то новому), и ты стал бы лучше;
2) (часто с εἰ) даже если, пусть даже, хотя бы даже: κἂν εἰ μὴ χρώμεθα τοῖς ὀνόμασιν ἐνιαχοῦ Plat. пусть даже подчас у нас не хватает названий (для некоторых явлений);
3) хотя бы, по крайней мере: ἀλλά μοι πάρες κἂν σμικρὸν εἰπεῖν Soph. позволь мне сказать хоть несколько слов;
4) даже: οὐδὲ κἂν ἅπαξ Polyb. ни одного даже разу;
5) (= καὶ ἐάν) и если (даже): κἂν πάνυ καλὸς ᾖ Plat. и если даже он очень красив; κἄν … κἄν Dem. ли … или.