κράτος: Difference between revisions
Τὸ κέρδος ἡγοῦ κέρδος, ἂν δίκαιον ᾖ → Lucrum esse lucrum crede, si iustum est lucrum → Gewinn sei dir Gewinn, wenn er auf Recht beruht
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|Definition=[ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος <span class="bibl">Alc.25</span>:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">strength, might</b>, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">bodily strength</b>, ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε <span class="bibl">Il.7.142</span>; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον <span class="bibl">13.484</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν</b> this (i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ βάψαι</b>) is what gives <b class="b2">strength</b> to iron, <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>80</span>; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>207</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ κράτος</b> with <b class="b2">all one's might</b> or <b class="b2">strength</b>, πολιορκεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.64</span>; πολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>692d</span>; ἐξελέγχεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.34.20</span>, etc.: freq. in phrase <b class="b3">αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ</b>. take <b class="b2">by storm</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.119</span>, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>; ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.1</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.34</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>594</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> personified, K. Βία τε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>12</span>; K. καὶ Δίκη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>244</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">power</b>, <b class="b3">τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον</b>, of Zeus, <span class="bibl">Il.2.118</span>, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ <span class="bibl">Od.1.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.12.214</span>; Ζηνὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>527</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐκπίπτειν κράτους</b>, of Zeus, ib. <span class="bibl">948</span>; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>61(62).11</span>, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>393</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>; esp. of political power, <b class="b2">rule, sovereignty</b>, ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.129</span>; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.81</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν</b> to be all-<b class="b2">powerful</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.7.3</span>; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 373</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο</b> in <b class="b2">real power</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.29</span>; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41i2</span> (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>173</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>586</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θρόνων κράτη</b> sovereign <b class="b2">power</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>166</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">power over</b>, τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.69</span>; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς <span class="bibl">Id.9.42</span>; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>425</span> (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>949</span>; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>480</span>; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>871</span>; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.143</span>; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Id.8.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς</b> whoever have <b class="b2">possession</b> of the land, <span class="bibl">Id.4.98</span>; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273a</span>: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of persons, <b class="b2">a power, an authority</b>, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>109</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>127</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">mastery, victory</b>, freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.1.509</span>, <span class="bibl">6.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.280</span>; κ. ἄρνυσθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 838</span> (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>951</span>; <b class="b3">ἀέθλων κ</b>. <b class="b2">victory in</b>... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span> 8(7).4</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>85</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀριστείας</b> <b class="b2">the meed</b> of highest valour, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>443</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>962a</span>; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη <span class="bibl">D.19.130</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> Medic., in pl., <b class="b2">ligaments</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.167</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> = [[ταρσός]], <b class="b2">back of the hand</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.144</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for <b class="b2">ten</b>, Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as <b class="b3">κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω</b>, but in <b class="b3">κρατερός</b> and <b class="b3">καρτερός</b> the reverse holds, v. [[κρατερός]] fin.; <b class="b3">κρατέω, κρατύς</b> have no form <b class="b3">καρτ-.</b> (κρατ- and καρτ- from <b class="b3">kṛt</b>-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. <b class="b3">κρέτος, κρέσσων</b>.)</span> | |Definition=[ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος <span class="bibl">Alc.25</span>:—<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">strength, might</b>, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">bodily strength</b>, ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε <span class="bibl">Il.7.142</span>; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον <span class="bibl">13.484</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν</b> this (i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ βάψαι</b>) is what gives <b class="b2">strength</b> to iron, <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>80</span>; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>207</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ κράτος</b> with <b class="b2">all one's might</b> or <b class="b2">strength</b>, πολιορκεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.64</span>; πολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>692d</span>; ἐξελέγχεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.34.20</span>, etc.: freq. in phrase <b class="b3">αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ</b>. take <b class="b2">by storm</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.119</span>, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>; ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.1</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.34</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>594</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> personified, K. Βία τε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>12</span>; K. καὶ Δίκη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>244</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">power</b>, <b class="b3">τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον</b>, of Zeus, <span class="bibl">Il.2.118</span>, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ <span class="bibl">Od.1.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.12.214</span>; Ζηνὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>527</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐκπίπτειν κράτους</b>, of Zeus, ib. <span class="bibl">948</span>; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>61(62).11</span>, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>393</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>; esp. of political power, <b class="b2">rule, sovereignty</b>, ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.129</span>; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.81</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν</b> to be all-<b class="b2">powerful</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.7.3</span>; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 373</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο</b> in <b class="b2">real power</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.29</span>; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41i2</span> (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>173</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>586</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θρόνων κράτη</b> sovereign <b class="b2">power</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>166</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">power over</b>, τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.69</span>; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς <span class="bibl">Id.9.42</span>; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>425</span> (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>949</span>; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>480</span>; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>871</span>; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.143</span>; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Id.8.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς</b> whoever have <b class="b2">possession</b> of the land, <span class="bibl">Id.4.98</span>; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273a</span>: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> of persons, <b class="b2">a power, an authority</b>, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>109</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>127</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">mastery, victory</b>, freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.1.509</span>, <span class="bibl">6.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.280</span>; κ. ἄρνυσθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 838</span> (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>951</span>; <b class="b3">ἀέθλων κ</b>. <b class="b2">victory in</b>... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span> 8(7).4</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>85</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀριστείας</b> <b class="b2">the meed</b> of highest valour, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>443</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>962a</span>; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη <span class="bibl">D.19.130</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> Medic., in pl., <b class="b2">ligaments</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.167</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> = [[ταρσός]], <b class="b2">back of the hand</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.144</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for <b class="b2">ten</b>, Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as <b class="b3">κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω</b>, but in <b class="b3">κρατερός</b> and <b class="b3">καρτερός</b> the reverse holds, v. [[κρατερός]] fin.; <b class="b3">κρατέω, κρατύς</b> have no form <b class="b3">καρτ-.</b> (κρατ- and καρτ- from <b class="b3">kṛt</b>-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. <b class="b3">κρέτος, κρέσσων</b>.)</span> | ||
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|lstext='''κράτος''': ᾰ, Ἰων. καὶ Ἐπικ. [[κάρτος]], εος, τό, ἀμφότερα παρ’ Ὁμ.· (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.)· ― [[ἰσχύς]], [[δύναμις]], παρ’ Ὁμ. [[κυρίως]] ἐπὶ σωματικῆς κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τὸ [[δόλος]], Ἰλ. Η. 142· ἔχει ἥβης [[ἄνθος]], ὅ τε [[κράτος]] ἔστι μέγιστον Ν. 484, κτλ.· τὸ γὰρ [[αὖτε]] σιδήρου γε [[κράτος]] ἐστίν, τοῦτο (δηλ. τὸ βάψαι) [[εἶναι]] τὸ παρέχον δύναμιν εἰς τὸν [[σίδηρον]], Ὀδ. Ι. 393· [[δικαία]] γλῶσσ’ ἔχει κρ. μέγα Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 101, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἰκέτ. 207· κατὰ [[κράτος]], πάσῃ ἰσχύι, πάσῃ δυνάμει, πολιορκεῖσθαι Θουκ. 1. 64· πολεμεῖν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 692D ἐξελέγχεσθαι Δημ. 913. 15, κτλ.· ἀλλὰ συχνότατα, πόλιν [[ἑλεῖν]] κατὰ [[κράτος]], κυριεῦσαι αὐτὴν βίᾳ, ἐξ ἐφόδου, Θουκ. 8. 100, Ἰσοκρ. 65C, κτλ.· [[οὕτως]], ἀνὰ [[κράτος]] αἱρεῖν Ξεν. Κύρ. 1. 4, 23· ἐλαύνειν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀν. 1. 8, 1, κτλ.· ― [[ὡσαύτως]], ἀπὸ κράτους Διόδ. 17. 34· πρὸς ἰσχύος [[κράτος]], ἀντίθετ. τῷ λόγῳ, Σοφ. Φιλ. 594. 2) προσωποπ., Ἰσχύς, Δύναμις, Κρ. Βία τε Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 12· Κρ. καὶ Δίκη ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Χο. 244. ΙΙ. [[καθόλου]], [[δύναμις]], [[ἐξουσία]], τοῦ γὰρ κρ. ἐστί μέγιστον, ἐπὶ τοῦ [[Διός]], Ἰλ. Β. 118, κτλ.· τοῦ γὰρ κρ. ἐστιν ἐν οἴκῳ Ὀδ. Α. 359, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Μ. 214· οὕτω, Ζηνὸς κρ. Πινδ. Ο. 6. 162, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 529· [[ὑποχείριος]] κράτεσιν ἀρσένων ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἱκέτ. 393, πρβλ. Σοφ. Ἀντ. 485. 2) μεθ’ Ὅμ., [[κυβέρνησις]], [[διοίκησις]], [[ἐξουσία]], Ἡρόδ. 1. 129· τὸ κρ. περιθεῖναί τινι ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 3. 81· τὸ πᾶν κρ. ἔχω, εἶμαι [[πανίσχυρος]], ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 7. 3· ἐκπίπτειν κράτους Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 948· ἀρχὴ καὶ κρ. τυραννικὸν Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 373· πρῶτος ἐν κράτει [[βασιλεύς]], ὁ πρῶτος βασιλεὺς μὲ ἀληθινὴν ἐξουσίαν, Θουκ. 2. 29· ― καὶ ἐν τῷ πληθ., κράτη καὶ θρόνους Σοφ. Ἀντ. 173, πρβλ. 586, κτλ.· θρόνων κράτη ὑψίστη, βασιλικὴ [[ἰσχύς]], [[ἐξουσία]], [[αὐτόθι]] 166. 3) [[μετὰ]] γεν., [[ἐξουσία]], ἀρχὴ ἐπί τινος, [[κράτος]] ἔχειν τῶν Περσῶν Ἡρόδ. 3. 69· τὸ κρ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 9. 42· πᾶν [[κράτος]] χθονὸς Αἰσχύλ. Ἰκέτ. 425· τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων Εὐρ. Τρῳ. 949· δὸς κρ. τῶν σῶν δόμων Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 480· δωμάτων ἔχειν κρ. Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 871· τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κρ. Θουκ. 1. 143· κρ. τῆς γῆς ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 8. 24· ὧν ἂν ᾗ τὸ κρ. τῆς γῆς, ὅσοι ἔχουσι τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῆς χώρας, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 4. 98· κρ. ἔχειν [[ἑαυτοῦ]] Πλάτ. Πολιτ. 273Α· ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἀστραπῶν κράτη νέμων Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 201. 4) ἐπὶ προσώπων, [[δύναμις]], [[ἐξουσία]], Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κρ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 109, πρβλ. 619, Θήβ. 127. ΙΙΙ. [[ὑπεροχή]], ὑπερτέρα [[δύναμις]], [[κυριότης]], [[συχν]]. παρ’ Ὁμ., ὡς Ἰλ. Α. 509., Ζ. 387, Ὀδ. Φ. 280· κρ. ἄρνυσθαι Σοφ. Φιλ. 838· [[νίκη]] καὶ κράτη Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 951· ἀέθλων κρ., [[νίκη]] ἐν..., Πινδ. Ι. 8 (7). 7· [[νίκη]] καὶ κρ. τῶν δρωμένων Σοφ. Ἠλ. 85· κρ. ἀριστείας, ἡ [[ἀμοιβή]]. τὸ [[ἔπαθλον]], [[βραβεῖον]] τῆς μεγίστης ἀνδρείας, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Αἴ. 443· [[νίκη]] καὶ κρ. τῶν πολεμίων Πλάτ. Νόμ. 962Α· κρ. πολέμου καὶ [[νίκη]] Δημ. 381. 12. ― Ἡ [[λέξις]] αὕτη καὶ τὰ παράγωγα αὐτῆς φέρονται ὑπὸ δύο τύπους, κρατ- καὶ καρτ-· ὁ [[δεύτερος]] [[εἶναι]] κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον [[ἐπικός]], [[οἷον]] [[κάρτος]], [[κάρτιστος]], [[καρτύνω]], ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ κρατερὸς καὶ καρτερὸς ἐπικρατεῖ τὸ ἀντίθετον ὡς [[κανών]], ἴδε κρατερὸς ἐν τέλ.· τὰ δὲ [[κρατέω]], κρατὺς δὲν ἔχουσι τύπον καρτ-. (Ἡ [[ῥίζα]] ἀναφαίνεται καὶ ἐν τῷ κραταιός. Γοτθ. hard-us ([[σκληρός]], [[αὐστηρός]]), Ἀρχ. Γερμ. hart-i, κτλ.) | |||
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Revision as of 10:37, 5 August 2017
English (LSJ)
[ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος Alc.25:—
A strength, might, in Hom. esp. of bodily strength, ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε Il.7.142; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον 13.484, etc.; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι) is what gives strength to iron, Od.9.393: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα S.Fr.80; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. A.Supp.207; κατὰ κράτος with all one's might or strength, πολιορκεῖσθαι Th.1.64; πολεμεῖν Pl. Lg.692d; ἐξελέγχεσθαι D.34.20, etc.: freq. in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take by storm, Th.8.100, Isoc.4.119, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν X. Cyr.1.4.23; ἐλαύνειν Id.An.1.8.1, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους D.S.17.34; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opp. λόγῳ, S.Ph.594. 2 personified, K. Βία τε A. Pr.12; K. καὶ Δίκη Id.Ch.244. II power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, Il.2.118, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ Od.1.359, cf. Il.12.214; Ζηνὸς κ. Pi.O.6.96, cf. A.Pr.527 (lyr.); ἐκπίπτειν κράτους, of Zeus, ib. 948; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ps.61(62).11, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων A.Supp.393 (lyr.), cf. S.Ant.485; esp. of political power, rule, sovereignty, ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι Hdt.1.129; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. Id.3.81; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all-powerful, Id.7.3; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν S.OC 373; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in real power, Th.2.29; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων POxy.41i2 (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους S.Ant.173, cf. OT586, etc.; θρόνων κράτη sovereign power, Id.Ant.166. 2 c. gen., power over, τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα Hdt.3.69; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς Id.9.42; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός A.Supp.425 (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων E.Tr.949; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων A.Ch.480; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. Ar.Th.871; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. Th.1.143; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς Id.8.24; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have possession of the land, Id.4.98; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ Pl.Plt.273a: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων S.OT201 (lyr.). 3 of persons, a power, an authority, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. A.Ag.109 (lyr.), cf. 619, Th.127 (lyr.). III mastery, victory, freq. in Hom., Il.1.509, 6.387, Od.21.280; κ. ἄρνυσθαι S.Ph. 838 (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη A.Supp.951; ἀέθλων κ. victory in... Pi.I. 8(7).4; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων S.El.85; κ. ἀριστείας the meed of highest valour, Id.Aj.443; νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων Pl.Lg.962a; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη D.19.130. IV Medic., in pl., ligaments, Hp.Mul. 2.167. 2 = ταρσός, back of the hand, Poll.2.144. V Pythag. name for ten, Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, v. κρατερός fin.; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ-. (κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. κρέτος, κρέσσων.)
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κράτος: ᾰ, Ἰων. καὶ Ἐπικ. κάρτος, εος, τό, ἀμφότερα παρ’ Ὁμ.· (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.)· ― ἰσχύς, δύναμις, παρ’ Ὁμ. κυρίως ἐπὶ σωματικῆς κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τὸ δόλος, Ἰλ. Η. 142· ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κράτος ἔστι μέγιστον Ν. 484, κτλ.· τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν, τοῦτο (δηλ. τὸ βάψαι) εἶναι τὸ παρέχον δύναμιν εἰς τὸν σίδηρον, Ὀδ. Ι. 393· δικαία γλῶσσ’ ἔχει κρ. μέγα Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 101, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἰκέτ. 207· κατὰ κράτος, πάσῃ ἰσχύι, πάσῃ δυνάμει, πολιορκεῖσθαι Θουκ. 1. 64· πολεμεῖν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 692D ἐξελέγχεσθαι Δημ. 913. 15, κτλ.· ἀλλὰ συχνότατα, πόλιν ἑλεῖν κατὰ κράτος, κυριεῦσαι αὐτὴν βίᾳ, ἐξ ἐφόδου, Θουκ. 8. 100, Ἰσοκρ. 65C, κτλ.· οὕτως, ἀνὰ κράτος αἱρεῖν Ξεν. Κύρ. 1. 4, 23· ἐλαύνειν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀν. 1. 8, 1, κτλ.· ― ὡσαύτως, ἀπὸ κράτους Διόδ. 17. 34· πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, ἀντίθετ. τῷ λόγῳ, Σοφ. Φιλ. 594. 2) προσωποπ., Ἰσχύς, Δύναμις, Κρ. Βία τε Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 12· Κρ. καὶ Δίκη ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Χο. 244. ΙΙ. καθόλου, δύναμις, ἐξουσία, τοῦ γὰρ κρ. ἐστί μέγιστον, ἐπὶ τοῦ Διός, Ἰλ. Β. 118, κτλ.· τοῦ γὰρ κρ. ἐστιν ἐν οἴκῳ Ὀδ. Α. 359, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Μ. 214· οὕτω, Ζηνὸς κρ. Πινδ. Ο. 6. 162, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 529· ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἱκέτ. 393, πρβλ. Σοφ. Ἀντ. 485. 2) μεθ’ Ὅμ., κυβέρνησις, διοίκησις, ἐξουσία, Ἡρόδ. 1. 129· τὸ κρ. περιθεῖναί τινι ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 3. 81· τὸ πᾶν κρ. ἔχω, εἶμαι πανίσχυρος, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 7. 3· ἐκπίπτειν κράτους Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 948· ἀρχὴ καὶ κρ. τυραννικὸν Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 373· πρῶτος ἐν κράτει βασιλεύς, ὁ πρῶτος βασιλεὺς μὲ ἀληθινὴν ἐξουσίαν, Θουκ. 2. 29· ― καὶ ἐν τῷ πληθ., κράτη καὶ θρόνους Σοφ. Ἀντ. 173, πρβλ. 586, κτλ.· θρόνων κράτη ὑψίστη, βασιλικὴ ἰσχύς, ἐξουσία, αὐτόθι 166. 3) μετὰ γεν., ἐξουσία, ἀρχὴ ἐπί τινος, κράτος ἔχειν τῶν Περσῶν Ἡρόδ. 3. 69· τὸ κρ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 9. 42· πᾶν κράτος χθονὸς Αἰσχύλ. Ἰκέτ. 425· τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων Εὐρ. Τρῳ. 949· δὸς κρ. τῶν σῶν δόμων Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 480· δωμάτων ἔχειν κρ. Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 871· τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κρ. Θουκ. 1. 143· κρ. τῆς γῆς ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 8. 24· ὧν ἂν ᾗ τὸ κρ. τῆς γῆς, ὅσοι ἔχουσι τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῆς χώρας, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν 4. 98· κρ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ Πλάτ. Πολιτ. 273Α· ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἀστραπῶν κράτη νέμων Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 201. 4) ἐπὶ προσώπων, δύναμις, ἐξουσία, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κρ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 109, πρβλ. 619, Θήβ. 127. ΙΙΙ. ὑπεροχή, ὑπερτέρα δύναμις, κυριότης, συχν. παρ’ Ὁμ., ὡς Ἰλ. Α. 509., Ζ. 387, Ὀδ. Φ. 280· κρ. ἄρνυσθαι Σοφ. Φιλ. 838· νίκη καὶ κράτη Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 951· ἀέθλων κρ., νίκη ἐν..., Πινδ. Ι. 8 (7). 7· νίκη καὶ κρ. τῶν δρωμένων Σοφ. Ἠλ. 85· κρ. ἀριστείας, ἡ ἀμοιβή. τὸ ἔπαθλον, βραβεῖον τῆς μεγίστης ἀνδρείας, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Αἴ. 443· νίκη καὶ κρ. τῶν πολεμίων Πλάτ. Νόμ. 962Α· κρ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη Δημ. 381. 12. ― Ἡ λέξις αὕτη καὶ τὰ παράγωγα αὐτῆς φέρονται ὑπὸ δύο τύπους, κρατ- καὶ καρτ-· ὁ δεύτερος εἶναι κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐπικός, οἷον κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ κρατερὸς καὶ καρτερὸς ἐπικρατεῖ τὸ ἀντίθετον ὡς κανών, ἴδε κρατερὸς ἐν τέλ.· τὰ δὲ κρατέω, κρατὺς δὲν ἔχουσι τύπον καρτ-. (Ἡ ῥίζα ἀναφαίνεται καὶ ἐν τῷ κραταιός. Γοτθ. hard-us (σκληρός, αὐστηρός), Ἀρχ. Γερμ. hart-i, κτλ.)
