calculus: Difference between revisions
Βίον καλὸν ζῇς, ἂν γυναῖκα μὴ τρέφῃς → Uxorem si non duxis, vives commode → Gut ist dein Leben, wenn du keine Frau ernährst
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|lshtext=<b>calcŭlus</b>: i, m.<br /> [[dim]]. 2. [[calx]]; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.<br /><b>I</b> In gen., a [[small]] [[stone]], a [[pebble]]: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: [[Demosthenes]] calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: [[argilla]] et dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[gravel]] in the [[thorny]] fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., of [[discourse]]: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[stone]] in the [[bladder]] or [[kidneys]], the [[gravel]], [[stone]], Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —<br /> <b>B</b> A draughtsman, a [[stone]] or [[counter]] used in playing [[draughts]]. called [[duodecim]] scripta, in [[which]], as in chess, by [[driving]] a [[piece]] from one [[square]] to [[another]], the [[person]] [[beaten]] could not [[finally]] [[move]] at all (ad incitas [[redactus]] est): in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: calculum reducere, to [[take]] [[back]] a [[move]]: [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re [[nunc]] [[saltem]] ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of [[action]], id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[stone]] used in [[reckoning]] on the [[counting]]-[[board]]; [[hence]] meton., a [[reckoning]], computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to [[compute]], [[reckon]], [[cast]] up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum [[aliquo]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est [[calculus]], id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to [[subject]] to an [[accurate]] [[reckoning]], [[hold]] to a [[strict]] [[account]], Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum [[respublica]] vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: [[ratio]] calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to [[render]] [[equal]] for [[equal]], Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations [[which]] I [[have]] suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the [[most]] [[ancient]] per., a [[stone]] used in voting; a [[vote]], [[sentence]], [[decision]], [[suffrage]]; a [[white]] one for [[assent]] or [[acquittal]], a [[black]] for [[denial]] or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an [[adverse]] [[decision]], Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a [[unanimous]] [[vote]], App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si [[modo]] tu [[fortasse]] errori nostro [[album]] calculum adjeceris, i. e. [[approve]], Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—<br /> <b>E</b> The Thracians were [[accustomed]] to [[preserve]] the [[recollection]] of [[fortunate]] occurrences by [[white]] stones, and of [[unfortunate]] by [[black]], Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo [[calculo]]! i. e. a [[most]] [[happy]] [[day]]! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[late]] Lat., a [[small]] [[weight]]: [[calculus]] [[constat]] ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called [[calcus]]). | |lshtext=<b>calcŭlus</b>: i, m.<br /> [[dim]]. 2. [[calx]]; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.<br /><b>I</b> In gen., a [[small]] [[stone]], a [[pebble]]: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: [[Demosthenes]] calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: [[argilla]] et dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[gravel]] in the [[thorny]] fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., of [[discourse]]: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[stone]] in the [[bladder]] or [[kidneys]], the [[gravel]], [[stone]], Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —<br /> <b>B</b> A draughtsman, a [[stone]] or [[counter]] used in playing [[draughts]]. called [[duodecim]] scripta, in [[which]], as in chess, by [[driving]] a [[piece]] from one [[square]] to [[another]], the [[person]] [[beaten]] could not [[finally]] [[move]] at all (ad incitas [[redactus]] est): in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: calculum reducere, to [[take]] [[back]] a [[move]]: [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re [[nunc]] [[saltem]] ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of [[action]], id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[stone]] used in [[reckoning]] on the [[counting]]-[[board]]; [[hence]] meton., a [[reckoning]], computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to [[compute]], [[reckon]], [[cast]] up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum [[aliquo]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est [[calculus]], id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to [[subject]] to an [[accurate]] [[reckoning]], [[hold]] to a [[strict]] [[account]], Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum [[respublica]] vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: [[ratio]] calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to [[render]] [[equal]] for [[equal]], Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations [[which]] I [[have]] suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the [[most]] [[ancient]] per., a [[stone]] used in voting; a [[vote]], [[sentence]], [[decision]], [[suffrage]]; a [[white]] one for [[assent]] or [[acquittal]], a [[black]] for [[denial]] or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an [[adverse]] [[decision]], Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a [[unanimous]] [[vote]], App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si [[modo]] tu [[fortasse]] errori nostro [[album]] calculum adjeceris, i. e. [[approve]], Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—<br /> <b>E</b> The Thracians were [[accustomed]] to [[preserve]] the [[recollection]] of [[fortunate]] occurrences by [[white]] stones, and of [[unfortunate]] by [[black]], Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo [[calculo]]! i. e. a [[most]] [[happy]] [[day]]! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[late]] Lat., a [[small]] [[weight]]: [[calculus]] [[constat]] ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called [[calcus]]). | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>calcŭlus</b>,¹¹ ī, m. (dimin. de [[calx]] 2 ), petite pierre<br /><b>1</b> caillou : conjectis in os calculis Cic. de Or. 1, 261, s’étant [[mis]] des cailloux dans la. bouche ; dumosis [[calculus]] arvis Virg. G. 2, 180, des graviers dans un [[sol]] hérissé de buissons || calcul de la vessie, pierre, gravelle ( Isid. Orig. 4, 7, 32 ) : Cic. Div. 2, 143 ; Vitr. Arch. 8, 3, 17 ; Cels. Med. 2, 7, etc.<br /><b>2</b> caillou pour voter : Ov. M. 15, 44 ; Apul. M. 10, 8, etc. ; [d’où] vote, suffrage : [[album]] calculum adjicere alicui [[rei]] Plin. Min. Ep. 1, 2, 5, accorder un vote favorable à qqch. (cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 ), donner une approbation à qqch. || caillou blanc [pour marquer les jours heureux] : Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 11, 3 (cf. Hor. O. 1, 36, 10 ; Plin. 7, 131 )<br /><b>3</b> caillou, pion [d’une espèce de jeu de dames ou d’échecs] : calculum reducere Cic. Fr. F 5, 60, ramener un jeton en arrière ; promovere Quint. 11, 2, 38, le pousser en avant, cf. Ov. Ars 2, 207 ; 2, 478 ; 3, 358 ; Sen. Tranq. 14, 7 ; ut sciat, [[quomodo]] alligatus exeat [[calculus]] Sen. Ep. 117, 30, pour savoir comment un pion bloqué se tirera d’affaire<br /><b>4</b> caillou de la table à calculer ( Isid. Orig. 10, 43 ), [d’où] calcul, [[compte]] : ad calculos aliquem vocare Liv. 5, 4, 7, inviter qqn à calculer (à faire un [[compte]]) ; ad calculos [[aliquid]] vocare Cic. Læl. 58, mettre qqch. en calcul, calculer qqch. ; calculos ponere Sen. Polyb. 9, 1 ( Plin. Min. Ep. 2, 19, 9 ), établir un calcul ; utrosque calculos ponere Sen. Ep. 81, 6, faire des comptes en partie double || [fig.] voluptatum calculis subductis Cic. Fin. 2, 60, après avoir fait un calcul des plaisirs ; ad calculos amicitiam vocare Cic. Læl. 58, soumettre l’amitié à un calcul exact<br /><b>5</b> cailloux des escamoteurs : Sen. Ep. 45, 8<br /><b>6</b> poids le [[plus]] faible possible : Grom. p. 373, 21. | |||
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Revision as of 06:39, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
calcŭlus: i, m.
dim. 2. calx; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.
I In gen., a small stone, a pebble: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: Demosthenes calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: argilla et dumosis calculus arvis, gravel in the thorny fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—
B Trop., of discourse: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—
II Esp.
A A stone in the bladder or kidneys, the gravel, stone, Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —
B A draughtsman, a stone or counter used in playing draughts. called duodecim scripta, in which, as in chess, by driving a piece from one square to another, the person beaten could not finally move at all (ad incitas redactus est): in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum ludus, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—
2 Trop.: calculum reducere, to take back a move: tibi concedo, quod in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re nunc saltem ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of action, id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—
C A stone used in reckoning on the counting-board; hence meton., a reckoning, computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to compute, reckon, cast up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum aliquo, Plin. Pan. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est calculus, id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to subject to an accurate reckoning, hold to a strict account, Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum respublica vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: ratio calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—
2 Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to render equal for equal, Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations which I have suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—
D In the most ancient per., a stone used in voting; a vote, sentence, decision, suffrage; a white one for assent or acquittal, a black for denial or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an adverse decision, Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a unanimous vote, App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si modo tu fortasse errori nostro album calculum adjeceris, i. e. approve, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—
E The Thracians were accustomed to preserve the recollection of fortunate occurrences by white stones, and of unfortunate by black, Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,
2 Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo calculo! i. e. a most happy day! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—
F In late Lat., a small weight: calculus constat ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called calcus).
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
calcŭlus,¹¹ ī, m. (dimin. de calx 2 ), petite pierre
1 caillou : conjectis in os calculis Cic. de Or. 1, 261, s’étant mis des cailloux dans la. bouche ; dumosis calculus arvis Virg. G. 2, 180, des graviers dans un sol hérissé de buissons
