ὄρφνη

English (LSJ)

Dor. ὄρφνα, ἡ, the darkness of night, night, first in Thgn.1077, and Pi., who has both ἐν ὄρφνᾳ and ἐν ὄρφναισιν, O.1.71, P.1.23; so δι' ὄρφνας E.Supp.994 (lyr., cj. Herm. for δι' ὀρφναίας); χθονὸς μέλαιναν ὄρφνην, of the nether world, E. HF46; ἐνέρων ἐς ὄρφναν ib.353 (lyr.); οὔτε.. ἠοῦς, οὐκ ὄρφνης neither at morn, nor by night, IG14.2012 Ca4 (Rome):—rare in Prose, X. Lac.5.7, Ti.Locr.97c, 97d, Plb.18.19.7, Phint. ap. Stob.4.23.61a.

German (Pape)

[Seite 389] ἡ (verwandt mit ὀρφνός), die Finsternis, das Dunkel, bes. die Nacht; Theogn.; Pind., ἐν ὄρφνᾳ u. ἐν ὄρφναισιν, Ol. 1, 71 P. 1, 23; Eur. Rhes. 69 Herc. Fur. 46 u. öfter; auch die Unterwelt, γᾶς ἐνέρων τ' εἰς ὄρφναν, 352; Ar. Ran. 1328; auch Tim. Locr. 97 c; Xen. Lac. 5, 7; ὑπὸ τὴν ὄρφνην, in der Finsternis, Pol. 18, 2, 7.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ης (ἡ) :
obscurité, ténèbres, nuit.
Étymologie: R. Ὀρφ, couvrir, cacher ; cf. ἔρεβος, ἐρέφω.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ὄρφνη: дор. ὄρφνᾱ ἡ темнота, тьма, мрак (ὄ. καὶ χάος Plut.): δι᾽ ὄρφνης Eur. и ἐν ὄρφνᾳ или ἐν ὄρφναισιν Pind. во тьме (ночи); χθονὸς ὄ. Eur. подземный мрак.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ὄρφνη: Δωρικ. ὄρφνᾱ, ἡ, τὸ σκότος τῆς νυκτός, νύξ, πρῶτον παρὰ Θεόγνιδι 1075, καὶ Πινδ., ὅστις ἔχει ἀμφότερα ἐν ὄρφνᾳ καὶ ἐν ὄρφναισιν, Ο. 1. 115, Π. 1. 43· οὕτω, δι’ ὄρφνης Εὐρ. Ἱκέτ. 994· χθονὸς ὄρφνη, ἐπὶ τοῦ κάτω κόσμου, δηλ. τοῦ Ἅιδου, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἡρ. Μαιν. 46· ἐνέρων εἰς ὄρφναν αὐτόθι 352· οὔτε... ἠοῦς, οὐκ ὄρφνης Ἑλλ. Ἐπιγράμμ. 618a. 3· ― σπάνιον παρὰ πεζογράφοις, Ξεν. Λακ. 5.7, Πολύβ. 11. 2. 7, Φίντυς παρὰ Στοβ. 445. 18. (Ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ ὄρφνη, ὀρφνός, Ὀρφεύς, κτλ., εἶναι ἐρέφω: Ἔρεβος, καὶ ἐρεβεννός, ἐρεμνός, πρέπει νὰ συγγενεύωσιν· ἴδε Curt. Gr. Et. σ. 437).

Greek Monotonic

ὄρφνη: Δωρ. ὄρφνᾱ, ἡ, το σκοτάδι της νύχτας, νύχτα, σε Θέογν., Πίνδ., Ευρ.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: dark, darkness, murk, night (Thgn., Pi.).
Other forms: Dor. -α.̃
Derivatives: ὀρφν-αῖος dark, murky (Il.), -ώδης id. (Hp.) and several expressions for dark colour, dark red: ὄρφν-ινος (Pl., X.), -ιος id. (Arist., Plu.), -ήεις (Q. S., Man.), -ός (Nic.); unclear ὀρφν-ίτας m. (Dor.), adjunct of τάλαρος (AP), cf. Redard 114.
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: Etymology debated. The similarity with ἔρεβος is long since observed (Curtius 480; thus Hirt IF 12, 226); in that case we would have to posit a basis *orgʷ-s-no- (with the same suffix as in the opposita λύχνος < *luk-s-no-); (νέφος : ὄμβρος cannot be sompared). -- By Persson Stud. 218 f. however compared with a Germ. adj. for dark shades of colour, e.g. OHG erpf fuscus, OE eorp, earp darkcoloured, blackish, PGm. *erpa-; to this also with diff. ablaut names of the partridge, e.g. OHG repa-huon; with nasal many Slav. words, e.g. Russ. rjáb motley (OCS *rębъ), CSl. jerębь partridge. -- Diff. again Scheftelowitz BB 29, 17: to Arm. arǰn darkbrown (IE *argʷhen-, evt. *orgʷhen-). -- Unclear are Toch. B erkent-, A arkant-'black' as well as B orkamo dark, A orkäm darkness (Ural. LW [loanword]?; s.v. Windekens Orbis 11, 605 w. lit.). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 146 a. 2, 367, Pok. 334 u. 857, Vasmer s. rjabína and rjabój, also W.-Hofmann s. rōbus. Older lit. in Bq. - The comparisons are not very convincing.

Middle Liddell

ὄρφνη, δοριξ ὄρφνᾱ, ἡ,
the darkness of night, night, Theogn., Pind., Eur.

Frisk Etymology German

ὄρφνη: {órphnē}
Forms: dor. -ᾶ
Grammar: f.
Meaning: Finsternis, Dunkel, Nacht (vorw. poet. seit Thgn. u. Pi.).
Derivative: Davon ὀρφναῖος finster, dunkel (ep. poet. seit Il.), -ώδης ib. (Hp. u.a.) und mehrere Ausdrücke für dunkelfarben, dunkelrot: ὄρφνινος (Pl., X. u.a.), -ιος ib. (Arist., Plu.), -ήεις (Q. S., Man.), -ός (Nik.); unklar ὀρφνίτας m. (dor.), Beiwort von τάλαρος (AP), vgl. Redard 114.
Etymology : Etymologie umstritten. Die Ähnlichkeit mit ἔρεβος ist längst beobachtet worden (Curtius 480; danach u.a. Hirt IF 12, 226); dabei wäre eine Grundform *orgʷ-s-no- (mit dem- selben Suffix wie im Oppositum λύχνος aus *luq-s-no-) anzusetzen; zum Ablaut vgl. νέφος : ὄμβρος. — Von Persson Stud. 218 f. dagegen mit einem germ. Adj. für dunkle Farbentöne verglichen, z.B. ahd. erpf fuscus, ags. eorp, earp dunkelfarbig, schwärzlich, urg. *erpa-; dazu noch mit anderem Ablaut Benennungen des Rebhuhns, z.B. ahd. repa-huon; mit Nasal viele slav. Wörter, z.B. russ. rǰáb bunt (aksl. *rębъ), ksl. jerębь Rebhuhn. — Wieder anders Scheftelowitz BB 29, 17: zu arm. arǰn dunkelbraun (idg. *argʷhen-, allenfalls *orgʷhen-). — Mehrdeutig sind toch. B erkent-, A arkant-’schwarz’ ebenso wie B orkamo dunkel, finster, Finsternis, A orkäm Finsternis (ural. LW?; s.v. Windekens Orbis 11, 605 m. Lit.). — Weitere Formen m. reicher Lit. bei WP. 1, 146 u. 2, 367, Pok. 334 u. 857, Vasmer s. rjabína und rjabój, auch W.-Hofmann s. rōbus. Ält. Lit. auch bei Bq.
Page 2,431-432

Mantoulidis Etymological

(=νύχτα, σκοτάδι). Ἀπό τήν ἴδια ρίζα μέ τό ἐρέπτω ἤ ἐρέφω (=σκοτεινιάζω), ὅπου δές γιά ἄλλα παράγωγα.

Translations

darkness

Abkhaz: алашьцара; Albanian: terr, errësirë, mugëtirë; Arabic: ظَلَام‎, ظُلْمَة‎; South Levantine Arabic: عتمة‎; Armenian: խավար, մթություն; Aromanian: ãntunearic, ntunearic, scutidi; Asturian: escuridá; Azerbaijani: qaranlıq, zülmət; Belarusian: цемра, змрок; Bulgarian: мрак, тъмнина; Catalan: foscor; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ; Cherokee: ᎤᎳᏏᎬᎢ; Chinese Mandarin: 黑暗; Czech: tma, temnota; Danish: mørke; Dutch: duisternis, donkerheid; Esperanto: mallumo; Estonian: pimedus; Ewe: viviti; Finnish: pimeys; French: obscurité, ténèbres, sombreur, noirceur; Galician: escuridade, tebras, mourén, foscume, escureza, calixen; Georgian: სიბნელე, წყვდიადი, უკუნეთი; German: Dunkelheit, Finsternis; Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃; Greek: σκοτάδι, έρεβος, ζόφος; Ancient Greek: ἀμυδρά, γνόφος, δνόφος, ἔρεβος, Ἔρεβος, ζοφερόν, ζόφος, κνέφας, ὄρφνα, ὄρφνη, σκοτασμός, σκοτεινόν, σκοτεινότης, σκοτία, σκότος, σκοτωδία, ψέφας, ψέφος; Haitian Creole: fènwa; Hebrew: אֲפֵלָה‎, חֹשֶׁךְ‎, עֲלָטָה‎; Hindi: अंधेरा, अन्धेरा; Hungarian: sötétség; Hunsrik: tunkelheet; Icelandic: myrkur, dimma, nifl, ljósleysa; Ido: tenebro; Indonesian: kegelapan; Istriot: tienabre; Italian: buio, oscurità, tenebre; Japanese: 闇, 暗黒; Javanese: pepeteng; Kapampangan: kedalumduman; Kazakh: қараңғылық, түнек; Khmer: ភាពងងឹត; Korean: 암흑(暗黑), 어두움); Kurdish Central Kurdish: تاریکی‎; Latgalian: timss, tymsums; Latin: tenebrae, caligo, obscuritas, nox; Latvian: tumsa; Lithuanian: tamsa; Lombard: scur; Luxembourgish: Däischtert, Donkelheet; Macedonian: темнина, мрак; Malagasy: ny maìzina; Malayalam: ഇരുട്ട്; Maltese: dlam; Maori: hinapouri, taipouri, whēuriuri; Marathi: अंधार; Middle English: derknesse; Mongolian: харанхуй; Mwani: kisi; Navajo: chahałheeł; Ngazidja Comorian: hidza class Northern Sami: seavdnjat, seavdnjadas; Norwegian Bokmål: mørke; Nynorsk: mørker, mørke; Occitan: foscor; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: тьма; Old English: þīestru; Oromo: dukkana; Persian: تیرگی‎, تاریکی‎; Polish: ciemność, mrok; Portuguese: escuridão, trevas; Punjabi Shahmukhi: ہَنیر‎, ہَنیرا‎; Quechua: laqha; Romagnol: bur; Romanian: întuneric, întunecime; Russian: темнота, тьма, мрак, потёмки; Sanskrit: रजस्, ध्वान्त, अन्धकार, तमस्; Scottish Gaelic: dubhar, dorchadas, dubh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: тама; Roman: tama, tamnoća, mračnina, mračnost; Slovak: tma, temnota; Slovene: tema; Somali: mugddi; Spanish: oscuridad; Sumerian: 𒂿, 𒋯, 𒌖, 𒀯𒅊, 𒍪𒈬𒊌, 𒌓𒄷𒄭; Swedish: mörker; Tagalog: kadiliman; Tamil: இருள்; Telugu: చీకటి, అంధకారము; Thai: ความมืด; Tibetan: མུན་པ; Tocharian B: orkamo; Tok Pisin: tudak; Turkish: karanlık; Udi: беъиънкъ, байинкъ; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎄𐎂𐎚; Ukrainian: темрява, тьма, морок, темнота, темнота; Urdu: اندھیرا‎; Vietnamese: bóng tối; Welsh: tywyllwch; West Frisian: tsjusternis; Yiddish: פֿינצטערניש‎ or; Yoruba: òkùnkùn; Yámana: akuš