ὑπασπιστής: Difference between revisions

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==Wikipedia EN==
{{wkpen
Shield bearer usually refers to a Macedonian version of a heavy armored [[hoplite]], whose tasks were protecting flanks of the sarrisa phalanx, and carrying a shield to protect other men in same ranks. A commander might be protected by several shield bearers. In combat, the shield bearers served as core of Macedonian army along with sarissa pike men, usually protecting flanks of the pike infantry. Other types of soldiers that made use of shield bearers included archers, crossbowmen, and early handgunners.
|wketx=Shield bearer usually refers to a Macedonian version of a heavy armored [[hoplite]], whose tasks were protecting flanks of the sarrisa phalanx, and carrying a shield to protect other men in same ranks. A commander might be protected by several shield bearers. In combat, the shield bearers served as core of Macedonian army along with sarissa pike men, usually protecting flanks of the pike infantry. Other types of soldiers that made use of shield bearers included archers, crossbowmen, and early handgunners.
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==Wiktionary EN==
==Wiktionary EN==
[[hypaspist]]: A type of lightly armoured foot soldier equipped with an aspis (shield) and spear.  
[[hypaspist]]: A type of lightly armoured foot soldier equipped with an aspis (shield) and spear.  

Revision as of 17:37, 11 October 2022

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: ὑπασπιστής Medium diacritics: ὑπασπιστής Low diacritics: υπασπιστής Capitals: ΥΠΑΣΠΙΣΤΗΣ
Transliteration A: hypaspistḗs Transliteration B: hypaspistēs Transliteration C: ypaspistis Beta Code: u(paspisth/s

English (LSJ)

οῦ, ὁ,
A hypaspist, shield-bearer, armour-bearer, esquire, Hdt.5.111, E.Rh.2 (anap.), Ph.1213, X.An.4.2.20, etc.
2 pl., ὑπασπισταί = a brigade of guards in the Macedonian army, D.S.19.40, Arr.An.2.4.3, 2.20.6.

German (Pape)

[Seite 1184] ὁ, Schildträger, Waffenträger übh.; Eur. Phoen. 1219; Her. 5, 111; Sp.; bes. Einer von der Leibwache, der mit dem Schilde den Feldherrn schützt, Eur. Rhes. 2; Xen. An. 4, 2, 31; Pol. u. Sp.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ (ὁ) :
écuyer litt. qui porte le bouclier.
Étymologie: ὑπασπίζω.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ὑπασπιστής: οῦ ὁ
1) оруженосец Her., Eur., Xen.;
2) щитоносец, вооруженный щитом: οἱ ὑπασπισταί Diod. щитоносцы (македонская пешая гвардия).

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ὑπασπιστής: -οῦ, ὁ, ὁ φέρων τὴν ἀσπίδα, ἀσπιδοφόρος, ὁπλοφόρος, θεράπων, Ἡρόδ. 5. 111, Εὐρ. Ρῆσ. 2, Φοίν. 1213, Ξεν. Ἀν. 4. 2, 20, κλπ.· οὕτως, ὑπασπιστήρ, ῆρος Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 182. 2) οἱ ὑπασπισταὶ ἐν τῷ Μακεδονικῷ στρατῷ ἀπετέλουν διακεκριμένον σῶμα (εἰς ὃ ἀνῆκον οἱ πεζοὶ σωματοφύλακες), ἐκλήθησαν δὲ οὕτως ἐκ τῶν ἀσπίδων ἂς ἔφερον, Διόδ. 19. 40, Ἀρρ. Ἀν. 2. 4 καὶ 20, πρβλ. Thirlw. Ἱστ. τῆς Ἑλλ. 6. 148, Grot.· 12. 82. - Καθ’ Ἡσύχ.: «ὑπασπιστής· βοηθός, δορυφόρος, ὑπηρέτης». - Ἴδε Κόντου Γλωσσ. Παρατηρ. σ. 11.

Greek Monolingual

ο / ὑπασπιστής, ΝΜΑ, θηλ. υπασπίστρια Ν
νεοελλ.
1. αξιωματικός τοποθετημένος ως έμπιστος ακόλουθος και γραμματέας ανώτερου στρατιωτικού διοικητή, ιδίως αρχηγού επιτελείου
2. ανώτερος αξιωματικός που συνοδεύει τιμητικά τον αρχηγό του κράτους («υπασπιστής του Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας»)
μσν.-αρχ.
μτφ. υπερασπιστής, υποστηρικτής («τῶν διεστραμμένων δογμάτων ὑπασπισταί», Κύριλλ.)
αρχ.
1. οπλίτης που έφερε την ασπίδα, ασπιδοφόρος σωματοφύλακας και ακόλουθος αξιωματούχου ή ηγεμόνα («τίς ὑπασπιστῶν ἄγρυπνος βασιλέως», Ευρ.)
2. (γενικά) βοηθός, προστάτης
3. στον πληθ. οἱ ὑπασπισταί
εκλεκτό σώμα του μακεδονικού στρατού στο οποίο ανήκαν οι πεζοί σωματοφύλακες, οι οποίοι ονομάστηκαν έτσι επειδή έφεραν ασπίδες («τῶν δὲ πεζῶν πρώτους μὲν ἔταξε τοὺς ὑπασπιστάς», Διόδ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < ὑπασπίζω. Το θηλ. ὑπασπίστρια μαρτυρείται από το 1888 στην εφημερίδα Ακρόπολις].

Greek Monotonic

ὑπασπιστής: -οῦ, ὁ, ασπιδοφόρος, οπλοφόρος, υπηρέτης, ακόλουθος, σε Ηρόδ., Ευρ. κ.λπ.

Middle Liddell

ὑπ-ασπιστής, οῦ, ὁ,
a shield-bearer, armour-bearer, esquire, Hdt., Eur., etc.

English (Woodhouse)

attendant, squire, attendant on a knight

⇢ Look up on Google | Wiktionary | LSJ full text search (Translation based on the reversal of Woodhouse's English to Ancient Greek dictionary)

Wikipedia EN

Shield bearer usually refers to a Macedonian version of a heavy armored hoplite, whose tasks were protecting flanks of the sarrisa phalanx, and carrying a shield to protect other men in same ranks. A commander might be protected by several shield bearers. In combat, the shield bearers served as core of Macedonian army along with sarissa pike men, usually protecting flanks of the pike infantry. Other types of soldiers that made use of shield bearers included archers, crossbowmen, and early handgunners.

Wiktionary EN

hypaspist: A type of lightly armoured foot soldier equipped with an aspis (shield) and spear.

The role and status of hypaspists changed over time:

  • Initially, their role was that of shield bearer or squire.
  • By the time of the historian Herodotus (5thC BCE), they had become high-status soldiers.
  • Under Philip II of Macedon (4thC BCE), the hypaspists were considered an elite unit and were used to protect the flanks of the phalanx of phalangites, with their own flanks being protected by cavalry.
  • Under Alexander the Great (4thC BCE), a special unit of hypaspists, recruited from the nobility, became the infantry component of the agema (the king's personal bodyguard).
  • Among the Diadochi states of the Hellenistic period, hypaspists continued in name in the Seleucid, Ptolemaic and Antigonid armies, but with the roles of royal bodyguard and military administrator.
  • In Macedonia, the title went into disuse; however, in terms of status, equipment and role, the peltast became virtually identical to what the hypaspist had been under Philip.