λάξ: Difference between revisions

From LSJ

ὡς τρὶς ἂν παρ' ἀσπίδα στῆναι θέλοιμ' ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ τεκεῖν ἅπαξ → I would rather stand three times with a shield in battle than give birth once

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{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: adv.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">with the foot</b> (Il.);<br />Compounds: as 1. member in <b class="b3">λακ-πατέω</b> (for <b class="b3">λαξ-π</b>.; Schwyzer 324) <b class="b2">tread (with the foot), trample underfoot</b> (Pherecr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 as v. l.; cf. <b class="b3">λεω-πάτητος</b> s. <b class="b3">λεῖος</b>); isolated (as sec. backformation) subst. = <b class="b3">λάκτισμα</b> (H.), <b class="b2">sole of the foor</b> (sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43 : 2, 42 A.3.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">λάγ-δην</b> = <b class="b3">λάξ</b> (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denomin. verbs. 1. <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>, also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">kick with the foot, the hoof</b> (Od.); rather after the verbs in <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> as with Schwyzer 620 from <b class="b3">*λακτι</b>; from it <b class="b3">λάκτισμα</b> (A., S.; <b class="b3">λάκτιμα</b> pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), (<b class="b3">ἐκ-)λακτισμός</b> (H.) [[treading]], [[pushing]]; <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> <b class="b2">who kicks with the foot</b> (X.), <b class="b3">-ιστική</b>, sc. <b class="b3">τέχνη</b> (in boxing; late). 2. <b class="b3">λάξας</b> = <b class="b3">λακτίσας</b> (Lyc. 137; <b class="b3">λάζειν ἐξυβρίζειν</b> H.) with <b class="b3">λαχμός</b> = <b class="b3">λακτισμός</b> (Antim.); <b class="b3">λάκτις</b> f. [[pounder]] (Call., Nic.; or backformation from <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>?; on the formation Schwyzer 270).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Formed as <b class="b3">πύξ</b>, <b class="b3">γνύξ</b>, <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b> a. o. (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); not certainly explained. Semantically adequate is the connection with Lat. [[calx]] [[heel]]; <b class="b3">λάξ</b> then from <b class="b3">*κλάξ</b> dissimilated? (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; also Specht Glotta 31, 128 n. 1). Diff. Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: to Lith. <b class="b2">lakstùs</b> [[fleeting]], [[stormy]], <b class="b2">lekiù</b>, <b class="b2">lẽkti</b> [[fly]], [[run]], to which also (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>) <b class="b3">ληκᾶν τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι</b> H.; further <b class="b3">ληκῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">λακῆσαι πατάξαι</b> H. and several expressions for <b class="b2">limbs etc.</b>, e. g. Lat. [[lacertus]] [[upperarm]] (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">lẽkti</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">letétъ</b>). The last group must anyhow be kept separated for the meaning; also the Lith. words and <b class="b3">ληκᾶν</b> deviate strongly semantically. Remain <b class="b3">ληκῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">λακῆσαι</b>; the interpretation <b class="b3">πατάξαι</b> can be interpreted in diff. ways. - The word for [[salmon]], OHG [[lahs]] etc., adduced by Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 ("the swift one, the jumper"), has a palatal <b class="b2">ḱ</b> (Russ. <b class="b2">losósъ</b>) and annot therefore be ombined with Lith. <b class="b2">lakstùs</b>. - No good IE etym; is it Pre-Greek? See on <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b>.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: adv.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">with the foot</b> (Il.);<br />Compounds: as 1. member in <b class="b3">λακ-πατέω</b> (for <b class="b3">λαξ-π</b>.; Schwyzer 324) <b class="b2">tread (with the foot), trample underfoot</b> (Pherecr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 as v. l.; cf. <b class="b3">λεω-πάτητος</b> s. <b class="b3">λεῖος</b>); isolated (as sec. backformation) subst. = <b class="b3">λάκτισμα</b> (H.), [[sole of the foor]] (sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43 : 2, 42 A.3.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">λάγ-δην</b> = <b class="b3">λάξ</b> (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denomin. verbs. 1. <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>, also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">kick with the foot, the hoof</b> (Od.); rather after the verbs in <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> as with Schwyzer 620 from <b class="b3">*λακτι</b>; from it <b class="b3">λάκτισμα</b> (A., S.; <b class="b3">λάκτιμα</b> pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), (<b class="b3">ἐκ-)λακτισμός</b> (H.) [[treading]], [[pushing]]; <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> <b class="b2">who kicks with the foot</b> (X.), <b class="b3">-ιστική</b>, sc. <b class="b3">τέχνη</b> (in boxing; late). 2. <b class="b3">λάξας</b> = <b class="b3">λακτίσας</b> (Lyc. 137; <b class="b3">λάζειν ἐξυβρίζειν</b> H.) with <b class="b3">λαχμός</b> = <b class="b3">λακτισμός</b> (Antim.); <b class="b3">λάκτις</b> f. [[pounder]] (Call., Nic.; or backformation from <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>?; on the formation Schwyzer 270).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Formed as <b class="b3">πύξ</b>, <b class="b3">γνύξ</b>, <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b> a. o. (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); not certainly explained. Semantically adequate is the connection with Lat. [[calx]] [[heel]]; <b class="b3">λάξ</b> then from <b class="b3">*κλάξ</b> dissimilated? (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; also Specht Glotta 31, 128 n. 1). Diff. Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: to Lith. <b class="b2">lakstùs</b> [[fleeting]], [[stormy]], <b class="b2">lekiù</b>, <b class="b2">lẽkti</b> [[fly]], [[run]], to which also (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b>) <b class="b3">ληκᾶν τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι</b> H.; further <b class="b3">ληκῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">λακῆσαι πατάξαι</b> H. and several expressions for <b class="b2">limbs etc.</b>, e. g. Lat. [[lacertus]] [[upperarm]] (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">lẽkti</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">letétъ</b>). The last group must anyhow be kept separated for the meaning; also the Lith. words and <b class="b3">ληκᾶν</b> deviate strongly semantically. Remain <b class="b3">ληκῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">λακῆσαι</b>; the interpretation <b class="b3">πατάξαι</b> can be interpreted in diff. ways. - The word for [[salmon]], OHG [[lahs]] etc., adduced by Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 ("the swift one, the jumper"), has a palatal <b class="b2">ḱ</b> (Russ. <b class="b2">losósъ</b>) and annot therefore be ombined with Lith. <b class="b2">lakstùs</b>. - No good IE etym; is it Pre-Greek? See on <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b>.
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{{mdlsj
{{mdlsj

Revision as of 17:15, 30 June 2020

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: λάξ Medium diacritics: λάξ Low diacritics: λαξ Capitals: ΛΑΞ
Transliteration A: láx Transliteration B: lax Transliteration C: lax Beta Code: la/c

English (LSJ)

Adv.

   A with the foot, λ. ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος Il. 6.65, cf. 16.503; λ. προσβάς 5.620, 16.863; λ. ποδὶ κινήσας 10.158, Od.15.45; λ. ἔνθορεν 17.233; λ. δ' ἐφ' ὁρκίοις ἔβη Archil.Supp.2.13; so later βοῦς μοι ἐπὶ γλώσσης κρατερῷ ποδὶ λ. ἐπιβαίνων Thgn.815; λ. ἐπίβα δήμῳ Id.847; λ. πατεῖσθαι (cf. λάγδην) to be trodden under foot, A.Eu.110, Ch.644 (lyr.); ἀθέῳ ποδὶ λ. ἀτίσαι Id.Eu.542 (lyr.); λ. ἐπορούσας πλῆξε A.R.2.106; παίει τε λ. πύξ Philem.1.6 D.: also in late Prose, Luc.Asin.31, al.:—for the form cf. γνύξ, πύξ, ὀδάξ.

German (Pape)

[Seite 15] mit der Ferse, mit dem Fuße hinten ausschlagend, stoßend, λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος, Il. 6, 65. 16, 503, λὰξ ἔνθορεν, Od. 17, 233, u. milder, λὰξ ποδὶ κινήσας, Il. 10, 157 Od. 15, 44, durch einen Stoß mit dem Fuße; Theogn. 815 u. a. D.; bei B. A. 106 wird λὰξ βῆ ναι, πατῆσαι für attisch erkl.; vgl. noch Aesch. πάντα ταῦτα λὰξ ὁρῶ πατούμενα, Eum. 110, wie Ch. 633; μηδέ νιν ἀθέῳ ποδὶ λὰξ ἀτίσῃς Eum. 513; öfter bei Sp., λὰξ κινεῖν πρός τινα, Luc. Asin. 31; sprichwörtlich πὺξ καὶ λάξ, mit Hand u. Fuß, mit allen Kräften. Viele Alte nahmen es als subst., Hesych. erkl. λάκτισμα, Schol. Ap. Rh. 2, 106 ὁ ὑπὸ τοὺς δακτύλους τοῦ ποδὸς ψόφος (τόπος); aber Ap. Dysc. de adv. 551, 13 verwirft diese Annahme.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

λάξ: ἐπίρρ. διὰ τοῦ ποδός, «τῷ πλάτει τοῦ ποδός» (Σχόλ.), λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος Ἰλ. Ζ. 65, πρβλ. Π. 503· οὕτω, λὰξ προσβὰς Ε. 620., Π. 863· λὰξ ποδὶ κινήσας, «τῷ πλάτει τοῦ ποδὸς νύξας καὶ διακινήσας, οὐχ ὑβριστικῶς λακτίσας» (Ἡσύχ.), Κ. 158, Ὀδ. Ο. 45· λὰξ ἔνθορεν Ρ. 233· ― οὕτω μετέπειτα, κρατερῷ ποδὶ λ. ἐπιβαίνειν Θέογν. 315· λὰξ ἐπίβα δήμῳ ὁ αὐτ. 847· λὰξ πατεῖσθαι (πρβλ. λάγδην), καταπατεῖσθαι, Αἰσχύλ. Εὐμ. 110, πρβλ. Χο. 644· ἀθέῳ ποδὶ λ. ἀτενίζειν ὁ αὐτ. εἰς Εὐμ. 540· λ. ἐπορούειν, τύπτειν Ἀπολλ. Ρόδ. Β. 106, κτλ.· ὡσαύτως παρὰ μεταγεν. πεζοῖς, Λουκ. π. Ὄν. 41, κ. ἀλλ.· ― περὶ τοῦ τύπου πρβλ. γνύξ, πύξ, ὀδάξ. (Ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ῥίζης παράγονται αἱ λέξ. λάγδην, λακ-τίζω, λακπάτητος· ἡ ῥίζα αὕτη φαίνεται ὅτι ἦτο ΚΑΛΚ, πρβλ. Λατ. calx (calc-is), calc-ar, calceus, calc-are, calc-itare· Λιθ. kul-nis (calx)· Ἀρχ. Σκανδιν. hœll).

French (Bailly abrégé)

adv.
avec le pied : λὰξ ἐν στήθεσσι βαίνειν IL poser le pied sur la poitrine (d’un ennemi renversé) ; λὰξ πατεῖν ESCHL fouler aux pieds, mettre le pied sur qqn, piétiner sur lui.
Étymologie: p. *κλάξ, cf. lat. calx.

English (Autenrieth)

adv., with the heel, with ποδί, Il. 10.158 and Od. 15.45.

Greek Monotonic

λάξ: επίρρ., με τα πόδια, με τις κλωτσιές, σε Όμηρ., Αισχύλ.· λὰξ πατεῖσθαι, να καταπατηθείς, να ποδοπατηθείς, σε Αισχύλ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

λάξ:
I adv. пятой, ногой: λ. (προσ)βάς Hom. наступив ногой; λ. ποδὶ κινήσας Hom. пошевеливая (спящего Диомеда) ногой; λ. πατεῖσθαι Aesch. быть попираемым ногами.
II τό indecl. удар ногой или копытом, пинок (εἶχεν ἀεὶ τοῦτο τὸ λ. Luc.): λ. κινῆσαι πρός τινα Luc. лягнуть кого-л.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: adv.
Meaning: with the foot (Il.);
Compounds: as 1. member in λακ-πατέω (for λαξ-π.; Schwyzer 324) tread (with the foot), trample underfoot (Pherecr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 as v. l.; cf. λεω-πάτητος s. λεῖος); isolated (as sec. backformation) subst. = λάκτισμα (H.), sole of the foor (sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43 : 2, 42 A.3.
Derivatives: λάγ-δην = λάξ (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denomin. verbs. 1. λακτίζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, kick with the foot, the hoof (Od.); rather after the verbs in -τίζω as with Schwyzer 620 from *λακτι; from it λάκτισμα (A., S.; λάκτιμα pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), (ἐκ-)λακτισμός (H.) treading, pushing; -ιστής who kicks with the foot (X.), -ιστική, sc. τέχνη (in boxing; late). 2. λάξας = λακτίσας (Lyc. 137; λάζειν ἐξυβρίζειν H.) with λαχμός = λακτισμός (Antim.); λάκτις f. pounder (Call., Nic.; or backformation from λακτίζω?; on the formation Schwyzer 270).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
Etymology: Formed as πύξ, γνύξ, ὀδάξ a. o. (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); not certainly explained. Semantically adequate is the connection with Lat. calx heel; λάξ then from *κλάξ dissimilated? (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; also Specht Glotta 31, 128 n. 1). Diff. Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: to Lith. lakstùs fleeting, stormy, lekiù, lẽkti fly, run, to which also (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. λακτίζω) ληκᾶν τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι H.; further ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι πατάξαι H. and several expressions for limbs etc., e. g. Lat. lacertus upperarm (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. lẽkti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. letétъ). The last group must anyhow be kept separated for the meaning; also the Lith. words and ληκᾶν deviate strongly semantically. Remain ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι; the interpretation πατάξαι can be interpreted in diff. ways. - The word for salmon, OHG lahs etc., adduced by Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 ("the swift one, the jumper"), has a palatal (Russ. losósъ) and annot therefore be ombined with Lith. lakstùs. - No good IE etym; is it Pre-Greek? See on ὀδάξ.

Middle Liddell


with the foot, Hom., Aesch.; λὰξ πατεῖσθαι to be trodden under foot, Aesch.

Frisk Etymology German

λάξ: {láks}
Grammar: Adv.
Meaning: mit der Ferse, dem Fuß (ep. poet. seit Il., auch sp. Prosa);
Composita : als Vorderglied in λακπατέω (für λαξπ.; Schwyzer 324) ‘(mit dem Fuß) treten, zertreten’ (Pherekr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 als v. l.; vgl. λεωπάτητος s. λεῖος); ganz vereinzelt (als sekundäre Rückbildung) Subst. = λάκτισμα (H.), ‘Fuss- sohle’ (Sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43 : 2, 42 A.3.
Derivative: Davon λάγδην = λάξ (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denominative Verba. 1. λακτίζω, auch mit Präfix, z. B. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, mit der Ferse, dem Fuß, dem Huf schlagen, stoßen, ausschlagen (seit Od.); eher nach den Verba auf -τίζω als mit Schwyzer 620 von *λακτι; davon λάκτισμα (A., S. usw.; λάκτιμα Pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), (ἐκ-)λακτισμός (H.) das Treten, Stoßen; -ιστής der mit dem Fuß ausschlägt (X. u. a.), -ιστική, sc. τέχνη (im Ringkampf; sp.). 2. λάξας = λακτίσας (Lyk. 137; λάζειν· ἐξυβρίζειν H.) mit λαχμός = λακτισμός (Antim.); λάκτις f. Mörserkeule (Kall., Nik.; oder Rückbildung aus λακτίζω?; zur Bildung noch Schwyzer 270).
Etymology : Wie πύξ, γνύξ, ὀδάξ u. a. gebildet (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); nicht sicher erklärt. Semantisch zutreffend ist die Zusammenstellung mit lat. calx Ferse (seit Pott), wobei λάξ aus *κλάξ dissimiliert sein muß (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; auch Speeht Glotta 31, 128 A. 1). — Anders Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: zu lit. lakstùs flüchtig, stürmisch, lekiù, lė̃kti fliegen, laufen, rennen, wozu noch (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. λακτίζω) ληκᾶν· τὸ πρὸς ᾠδὴν ὀρχεῖσθαι H.; des weiteren ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι· πατάξαι H. und mehrere Ausdrücke für Gliedmaßen, z. B. lat. lacertus Oberarm (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. lė̃kti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. letétъ; überall m. reicher Lit.). Die letztgenannte Gruppe ist jedenfalls schon wegen der Bed. fernzuhalten; auch die lit. Wörter und ληκᾶν weichen semantisch stark ab. Übrig bleiben ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι; das Interpretamentum πατάξαι läßt mehrere Auffassungen zu. — Das Wort für Lachs, ahd. lahs usw., von Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 hierhergestellt ("der Schneller, der Springer"), enthält palatales (russ. losósъ) und läßt sich somit nicht mit lit. lakstùs u. Verw. verbinden.
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