κάρδαμον: Difference between revisions

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ζηλοῦτε δὲ τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα. Καὶ ἔτι καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῖν δείκνυμι (1 Corinthians 12:31) → But go ahead and strive for the greater gifts. And I'm about to show you a still more excellent way.

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|Transliteration C=kardamon
|Transliteration C=kardamon
|Beta Code=ka/rdamon
|Beta Code=ka/rdamon
|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">nose-smart, Lepidium sativum</b>, of which the seed was eaten like mustard, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1429.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>3.39</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>234</span>; κάρδαμ' ἐσκευασμένα <span class="bibl">Eub.36</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">βλέπειν κάρδαμα</b> look <b class="b2">sharp and stinging</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>455</span>: prov. of worthless things, ὅσῳ διαφέρει σῦκα καρδάμων <span class="bibl">Henioch.4.2</span>.</span>
|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">nose-smart, Lepidium sativum</b>, of which the seed was eaten like mustard, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1429.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>3.39</span>: pl., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>234</span>; κάρδαμ' ἐσκευασμένα <span class="bibl">Eub.36</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">βλέπειν κάρδαμα</b> look [[sharp and stinging]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>455</span>: prov. of worthless things, ὅσῳ διαφέρει σῦκα καρδάμων <span class="bibl">Henioch.4.2</span>.</span>
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{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">nose-smart</b>, [[Lepidium sativum]] (X., Ar.).<br />Other forms: Also <b class="b3">παρδαμάλη</b> (Phot.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρδάμωμον</b>, haplological for <b class="b3">καρδαμ-άμωμον</b> n. [[cardamum]] (Thphr., Dsc.; on the formation Schwyzer 263).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καρδαμίς</b> = <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b> (Nic., Plu.; after <b class="b3">κεδρίς</b> a. o., Chantraine Formation 343); <b class="b3">καρδαμίνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also = <b class="b3">σισύμβριον</b> a. o. (Dsc.; Chantraine 204); <b class="b3">καρδαμάλη</b> <b class="b2">Persian cake from κάρδαμον</b> (Trypho ap. Ath.; as <b class="b3">ἀμυγδάλη</b> a. o.); <b class="b3">καρδαμίζω</b> "talk cress", i. e. [[talk nonsense]] (Nic. Th. 617). - Sideform <b class="b3">καρδάνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gloss.; after <b class="b3">βοτάνη</b>?).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Among the plant names in <b class="b3">-αμον</b> (Schwyzer 494, Chantraine 133) there are several clear loan-words, so will be <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b>. Doubtful suggestion in Strömberg Wortstudien 38: from <b class="b3">*κάρδος</b> = <b class="b3">κράδος</b> [[twig]] in <b class="b3">καρδίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατακάρδιον</b>. Not better Grošelj Razprave 2, 41: to <b class="b3">σκόροδον</b>. - Skt. <b class="b2">kardamaḥ</b> is a further unknown plant, so connection with <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b> remains uncertain\/improbable; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. - <b class="b3">-αμον</b> is a Pre-Greek suffix, Fur. 64 n. 269. The word has been connected with Hitt. [[karšani]] <b class="b2">an alcalic plant</b>, Fur. 252.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">nose-smart</b>, [[Lepidium sativum]] (X., Ar.).<br />Other forms: Also <b class="b3">παρδαμάλη</b> (Phot.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρδάμωμον</b>, haplological for <b class="b3">καρδαμ-άμωμον</b> n. [[cardamum]] (Thphr., Dsc.; on the formation Schwyzer 263).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καρδαμίς</b> = <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b> (Nic., Plu.; after <b class="b3">κεδρίς</b> a. o., Chantraine Formation 343); <b class="b3">καρδαμίνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also = <b class="b3">σισύμβριον</b> a. o. (Dsc.; Chantraine 204); <b class="b3">καρδαμάλη</b> <b class="b2">Persian cake from κάρδαμον</b> (Trypho ap. Ath.; as <b class="b3">ἀμυγδάλη</b> a. o.); <b class="b3">καρδαμίζω</b> "talk cress", i. e. [[talk nonsense]] (Nic. Th. 617). - Sideform <b class="b3">καρδάνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gloss.; after <b class="b3">βοτάνη</b>?).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Among the plant names in <b class="b3">-αμον</b> (Schwyzer 494, Chantraine 133) there are several clear loan-words, so will be <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b>. Doubtful suggestion in Strömberg Wortstudien 38: from <b class="b3">*κάρδος</b> = <b class="b3">κράδος</b> [[twig]] in <b class="b3">καρδίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατακάρδιον</b>. Not better Grošelj Razprave 2, 41: to <b class="b3">σκόροδον</b>. - Skt. <b class="b2">kardamaḥ</b> is a further unknown plant, so connection with <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b> remains uncertain\/improbable; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. - <b class="b3">-αμον</b> is a Pre-Greek suffix, Fur. 64 n. 269. The word has been connected with Hitt. [[karšani]] [[an alcalic plant]], Fur. 252.
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{{mdlsj
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Revision as of 09:52, 1 July 2020

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: κάρδᾰμον Medium diacritics: κάρδαμον Low diacritics: κάρδαμον Capitals: ΚΑΡΔΑΜΟΝ
Transliteration A: kárdamon Transliteration B: kardamon Transliteration C: kardamon Beta Code: ka/rdamon

English (LSJ)

τό,

   A nose-smart, Lepidium sativum, of which the seed was eaten like mustard, X.Cyr.1.2.8, POxy.1429.5, Ael.VH3.39: pl., Ar.Nu.234; κάρδαμ' ἐσκευασμένα Eub.36: metaph., βλέπειν κάρδαμα look sharp and stinging, Ar.V.455: prov. of worthless things, ὅσῳ διαφέρει σῦκα καρδάμων Henioch.4.2.

German (Pape)

[Seite 1326] τό, eine Art Kresse mit bitterem Kraut, deren Saamen wie Senf gegessen wurde, gew. im plur.; Ar. Th. 617; κάρδαμ' ἐσκευασμένα Eubul. bei Ath. VIII, 347 d; bes. von den Persern gegessen, Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 8 u. A.; vgl. Schol. Ar. Nub. 235; – κάρδαμα βλέπειν, neben ὀξύθυμος u. δίκαιος, nach Kresse aussehen, ein saures, barsches Gesicht machen, Ar. Vesp. 455.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

κάρδᾰμον: τό, ὡς καὶ νῦν, Λατ. nasturtium, ἢ ὁ σπόρος αὐτοῦ ὃν οἱ Πέρσαι ἔτριβον καὶ ἤσθιον ὡς νῦν ἐσθίομεν τὸ σίναπι, Ξεν. Κύρ. 1. 2, 8, Perizon. εἰς Αἰλ. Ποικ. Ἱστ. 3. 39· ἐν τῷ πληθ., πάσχει δὲ ταὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ κάρδαμα (δηλ. ἕλκουσι πρὸς ἑαυτὰ τὴν ἰκμάδα) Ἀριστοφ. Νεφ. 234· κάρδαμ’ ἐσκευασμένα Εὔβουλος ἐν «Ἰξίονι» 1. 4· - μεταφ., βλέπειν κάρδαμα, δηλ. ῥίπτειν δριμὺ βλέμμα (ὡς τὸ νᾶπυ, δριμὺ βλέπειν), ὀξυθύμων καὶ δικαίων καὶ βλεπόντων κάρδαμα Ἀριστοφ. Σφ. 455· - παροιμ. ἐπὶ μηδαμινῶν πραγμάτων, ὅσῳ διαφέρει σῦκα καρδάμων (πρβλ. τὸ τοῦ Ὁρατίου quid distent aera lup nis), Ἡνίοχος ἐν «Τροχίλῳ» 1. 2.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (τό) :
cresson, plante.
Étymologie: DELG emprunt prob. - myc. ka-da-mi-ja - le skr. kardamah désigne une plante totalement inconnue.

Greek Monotonic

κάρδᾰμον: τό, είδος κάρδαμου, Λατ. nasturtium ή ο σπόρος του, ο οποίος τρώγονταν όπως η μουστάρδα, σινάπι από τους Πέρσες, σε Ξεν.· σε πληθ., κάρδαμα, σε Αριστοφ.· μεταφ., βλέπειν κάρδαμα, δηλ. κοιτάζει με οξύ και διαπεραστικό βλέμα, στον ίδ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

κάρδαμον: τό тж. pl. кардам(он), кресс (разновидность растения с острым вкусом, семена которого употреблялись в пищу в качестве приправы) Plut.: κάρδαμα βλέπειν Arph. сурово глядеть.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

κάρδαμον -ου, τό tuinkers; overdr.: βλέπειν κάρδαμα indringend kijken Aristoph. Ve. 455.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: nose-smart, Lepidium sativum (X., Ar.).
Other forms: Also παρδαμάλη (Phot.).
Compounds: As 1. member in καρδάμωμον, haplological for καρδαμ-άμωμον n. cardamum (Thphr., Dsc.; on the formation Schwyzer 263).
Derivatives: καρδαμίς = κάρδαμον (Nic., Plu.; after κεδρίς a. o., Chantraine Formation 343); καρδαμίνη id., also = σισύμβριον a. o. (Dsc.; Chantraine 204); καρδαμάλη Persian cake from κάρδαμον (Trypho ap. Ath.; as ἀμυγδάλη a. o.); καρδαμίζω "talk cress", i. e. talk nonsense (Nic. Th. 617). - Sideform καρδάνη id. (Gloss.; after βοτάνη?).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Among the plant names in -αμον (Schwyzer 494, Chantraine 133) there are several clear loan-words, so will be κάρδαμον. Doubtful suggestion in Strömberg Wortstudien 38: from *κάρδος = κράδος twig in καρδίδιον, ἀνα-, κατακάρδιον. Not better Grošelj Razprave 2, 41: to σκόροδον. - Skt. kardamaḥ is a further unknown plant, so connection with κάρδαμον remains uncertain\/improbable; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. - -αμον is a Pre-Greek suffix, Fur. 64 n. 269. The word has been connected with Hitt. karšani an alcalic plant, Fur. 252.

Middle Liddell

κάρδᾰμον, ου, τό,
a kind of cress, Lat. nasturtium, or its seed, which was eaten like mustard by the Persians, Xen.; in pl. cresses, Ar.;—metaph., βλέπειν κάρδαμα, i. e. look sharp and stinging, Ar. {{FriskDe |ftr=κάρδαμον: {kárdamon}
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Art Kresse, Lepidium sativum (X., Ar., Pap. usw.).
Composita : Als Vorderglied in καρδάμωμον, haplologisch für καρδαμάμωμον n. Kardamom (Thphr., Dsk.; zur Bildung Schwyzer 263).
Derivative: Ableitungen: καρδαμίς = κάρδαμον (Nik., Plu.; nach κεδρίς u. a., Chantraine Formation 343); καρδαμίνη ib., auch = σισύμβριον u. a. (Dsk. u. a.; Chantraine 204); καρδαμάλη [[persischer Kuchen aus κάρδαμον (Trypho ap. Ath.; wie ἀμυγδάλη u. a.); καρδαμίζω "Kresse reden", d. h. Unsinn reden (Nik. Th. 617). — Nebenform καρδάνη ib. (Gloss.; nach βοτάνη).
Etymology : Da unter den Pflanzennamen auf -αμον (Schwyzer 494, Chantraine 133) mehrere offenbare Fremdwörter sind, liegt es nahe, auch κάρδαμον als fremd zu betrachten. Ganz fragliche Vermutung von Strömberg Wortstudien 38: von *κάρδος = κράδος Zweig in καρδίδιον, ἀνα-, κατακάρδιον. Nicht besser Grošelj Razprave 2, 41: zu σκόροδον. — Aind. kardamaḥ bezeichnet eine nicht näher bekannte Pflanze, weshalb Beziehung zu κάρδαμον unsicher bleibt; vgl. Mayrhofer Wb. s. v.
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