desiderium
ὁ δὲ μὴ δυνάμενος κοινωνεῖν ἢ μηδὲν δεόμενος δι' αὐτάρκειαν οὐθὲν μέρος πόλεως, ὥστε ἢ θηρίον ἢ θεός → a man who is incapable of entering into partnership, or who is so self-sufficing that he has no need to do so, is no part of a state, so that he must be either a lower animal or a god | whoever is incapable of associating, or has no need to because of self-sufficiency, is no part of a state; so he is either a beast or a god
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
dēsīdĕrĭum: ii, n. desidero,
I a longing, ardent desire or wish, properly for something once possessed; grief, regret for the absence or loss of any thing (for syn. cf.: optio, optatio, cupido, cupiditas, studium, appetitio, voluntas—freq. and class.).
I Prop.
(a) With gen. object.: te desiderium Athenarum cepisset, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 13; cf.: me desiderium tenet urbis, Cic. Fam. 2, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 22; and, locorum, Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 21: rerum earum, Lucr. 3, 901; cf. id. 3, 922; 918: esse in desiderio alicujus, Cic. Fam. 2, 12 fin.: desiderium conjunctissimi viri ferre, id. Lael. 27, 104: Scipionis desiderio moveri, id. ib. 3, 10: tam cari capitis, Hor. Od. 1, 24, 1: defuncti, Suet. Calig. 6 et saep.: desiderio id fieri tuo (for tui), Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 66; cf.: voluntas, in qua inest aliqua vis desiderii ad sanandum volnus injuriae, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 14.—
(b) Absol.: pectora dura tenet desiderium, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41: alicui esse magno desiderio, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 5: explere exspectationem diuturni desiderii, Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205: quo (desiderio) conficior, id. Or. 10: ex desiderio laborare, id. Fam. 6, 11: facere aliquid cum desiderio, id. Lael. 21, 81: demus hoc desiderio jam pene publico, Quint. 8, 4, 29 et saep. In plur.: desideria alicujus commovere, Cic. Rab. perd. 9, 24; Hor. Od. 4, 5, 15 et saep.
II Trop., of a person, as the object of longing: nunc desiderium, curaque non levis, Hor. Od. 1, 14, 18: desiderio meo nitenti, Catull. 2, 5; and as a term of endearment: mea lux, meum desiderium ... valete, mea desideria, valete, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2 fin.; Catull. 2, 5.—
III Transf.
A Want, need, necessity, in general (rare; not ante-Aug.): cibi potionisque desiderium naturale, Liv. 21, 4 et saep.: pro desiderio corporum, Plin. 11, 50, 111, § 264: desideria scabendi, id. 30, 14, 43, § 127 al.—
B In the time of the empire, a request, petition on the part of inferiors: desideria militum ad Caesarem ferenda, Tac. A. 1, 19; 1, 26; Suet. Aug. 17; Plin. Pan. 79, 6; Dig. 1, 16, 9; 25, 3, 5.—
C Desires, pleasures (late Lat.): servientibus desideriis et voluptatibus, Vulg. Tit. 3, 3: carnis, id. Ephes. 2, 3.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
dēsīdĕrĭum,⁸ ĭī, n. (desidero),
1 désir [de qqch. qu’on a eu, connu et qui fait défaut], cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 21 : me desiderium tenet urbis, meorum Cic. Fam. 2, 11, 1, je suis impatient de revoir la ville, les miens ; esse in desiderio alicujus rei Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 3, désirer qqch. [dont on est éloigné]; desiderio nostri te æstuare putabam Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1, je te croyais tout bouillant de l’impatience de me revoir || regret : desiderio confici Cic. Or. 33, être tourmenté par le regret ; erat in desiderio civitatis Cic. Phil. 10, 14, il était l’objet des regrets de la cité ; prudentiæ suæ nobis desiderium reliquerat Cic. Br. 2, il nous avait laissé le regret de sa clairvoyance ; alicujus desiderium ferre Cic. Læl. 104, supporter le regret de la perte de qqn, cf. Fam. 6, 22, 2 || personne qui est l’objet des regrets : mea lux, meum desiderium Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2, ô ma lumière, ô cher objet de mes regrets ! valete, mea desideria Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 4, adieu, chers objets de mes regrets !
2 désir, besoin : desideria naturæ satiare Cic. Fin. 2, 25, satisfaire à ce que réclame la nature, cf. Tusc. 5, 97 ; 5, 99 ; desiderium naturale Liv. 21, 4, 6, le besoin, les besoins
3 prière, demande, requête : Tac. Ann. 1, 19 ; 1, 26 ; Suet. Aug. 17 ; Plin. Min. Pan. 79, 6.
