τόλμα: Difference between revisions

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μέτρον γὰρ τοῦ βίου τὸ καλόν, οὐ τὸ τοῦ χρόνου μῆκος → for life's measure is its beauty not its length (Plutarch, Consolatio ad Apollonium 111.D.4)

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|Transliteration C=tolma
|Transliteration C=tolma
|Beta Code=to/lma
|Beta Code=to/lma
|Definition=ης, ἡ, also [[τόλμη]], which <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.114</span> B. compares with [[πρύμνη]] for [[πρύμνα]]: but (apart from <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πρὸς τόλμην πεσεῖν S.<span class="title">Ichn.</span> 11 (Pap.), which is not guaranteed by the metre) only the form [[τόλμᾰ]] (acc. [[τόλμᾰν]], e. g. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>862</span>) occurs in Att. and Trag., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>702</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 1264</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>426</span> (in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1416</span>, <b class="b3">ἥ γε τόλμα σου</b> (cj. Jodrell) is the prob.l.), <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">6.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>193d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>575a</span>, Gal.15.144, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1119.8</span> (iii A. D.), etc.; so in Ion., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.135</span>; but [[τόλμη]] (nom.) in <span class="bibl">Clitarch. 35J.</span>, acc. τόλμην <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ju.</span>16.10(12)</span> cod.Alex.: Dor. [[τόλμα]], <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>9.82</span>, <span class="bibl">13.11</span>:—[[courage]], [[hardihood]], Pi. ll. cc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.ζ, Trag. and Att. (v. supr.); <b class="b3">τόλμα καλῶν</b> [[courage]] for [[noble]] [[act]]s, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.59</span>; <b class="b3">τῶνδε τόλμαν σχεθεῖν</b> to [[have]] [[courage]] or [[nerve]] for this [[business]], <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[over-boldness]], [[recklessness]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1004</span> (<span class="bibl">996</span>); πῶς οὖν . . ἐς τόδ' ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1264</span>, etc.; τόλμης ἔργα κἀναισχυντίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>702</span>; τ. [[ἀλόγιστος]] <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.59</span>; τ. καὶ ἀναίδεια <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.6.46</span>; θρασύτης καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span> 197b</span>; τ. καὶ ἀναισχυντία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38d</span>; ἡ ἄφρων τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">La.</span>193d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> a [[bold act]] or [[daring act]], φίλτρα τόλμης τῆσδε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1029</span>; [[τόλμας]] (gen.), ἃν ἔρεξα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>838</span> (lyr.): pl., κακὰς δὲ τόλμας μήτ' ἐπισταίμην ἐγώ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>582</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>46</span>; ἀνόσιοι πληγῶν τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>881a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>336d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Pythag. name for [[two]], [[2]], Anatol. ap. <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>8. (v. [[τλάω]].) </span>
|Definition=ης, ἡ, also [[τόλμη]], which <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.114</span> B. compares with [[πρύμνη]] for [[πρύμνα]]: but (apart from <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πρὸς τόλμην πεσεῖν S.<span class="title">Ichn.</span> 11 (Pap.), which is not guaranteed by the metre) only the form [[τόλμᾰ]] (acc. [[τόλμᾰν]], e. g. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>862</span>) occurs in Att. and Trag., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>702</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 1264</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>426</span> (in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1416</span>, <b class="b3">ἥ γε τόλμα σου</b> (cj. Jodrell) is the prob.l.), <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">6.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>193d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>575a</span>, Gal.15.144, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1119.8</span> (iii A. D.), etc.; so in Ion., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.135</span>; but [[τόλμη]] (nom.) in <span class="bibl">Clitarch. 35J.</span>, acc. τόλμην <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ju.</span>16.10(12)</span> cod.Alex.: Dor. [[τόλμα]], <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>9.82</span>, <span class="bibl">13.11</span>:—[[courage]], [[hardihood]], Pi. ll. cc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.ζ, Trag. and Att. (v. supr.); <b class="b3">τόλμα καλῶν</b> [[courage]] for [[noble]] [[act]]s, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.59</span>; <b class="b3">τῶνδε τόλμαν σχεθεῖν</b> to [[have]] [[courage]] or [[nerve]] for this [[business]], <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[over-boldness]], [[recklessness]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1004</span> (<span class="bibl">996</span>); πῶς οὖν . . ἐς τόδ' ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1264</span>, etc.; τόλμης ἔργα κἀναισχυντίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>702</span>; τ. [[ἀλόγιστος]] <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.59</span>; τ. καὶ ἀναίδεια <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.6.46</span>; θρασύτης καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span> 197b</span>; τ. καὶ ἀναισχυντία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38d</span>; ἡ ἄφρων τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">La.</span>193d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> a [[bold act]] or [[daring act]], φίλτρα τόλμης τῆσδε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1029</span>; [[τόλμας]] (gen.), ἃν ἔρεξα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>838</span> (lyr.): pl., κακὰς δὲ τόλμας μήτ' ἐπισταίμην ἐγώ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>582</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>46</span>; ἀνόσιοι πληγῶν τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>881a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>336d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Pythag. name for [[two]], [[2]], Anatol. ap. <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>8. (v. [[τλάω]].) </span>
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Revision as of 09:25, 15 October 2022

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Full diacritics: τόλμᾰ Medium diacritics: τόλμα Low diacritics: τόλμα Capitals: ΤΟΛΜΑ
Transliteration A: tólma Transliteration B: tolma Transliteration C: tolma Beta Code: to/lma

English (LSJ)

ης, ἡ, also τόλμη, which Phryn.PSp.114 B. compares with πρύμνη for πρύμνα: but (apart from A πρὸς τόλμην πεσεῖν S.Ichn. 11 (Pap.), which is not guaranteed by the metre) only the form τόλμᾰ (acc. τόλμᾰν, e. g. E.IT862) occurs in Att. and Trag., E.Andr.702, Ion 1264, Fr.426 (in E.Ion1416, ἥ γε τόλμα σου (cj. Jodrell) is the prob.l.), Th.3.82, 6.59, Pl.La.193d, R.575a, Gal.15.144, POxy.1119.8 (iii A. D.), etc.; so in Ion., Hdt. 7.135; but τόλμη (nom.) in Clitarch. 35J., acc. τόλμην LXX Ju.16.10(12) cod.Alex.: Dor. τόλμα, Pi. O.9.82, 13.11:—courage, hardihood, Pi. ll. cc., Hdt.2.121.ζ, Trag. and Att. (v. supr.); τόλμα καλῶν courage for noble acts, Pi.N.7.59; τῶνδε τόλμαν σχεθεῖν to have courage or nerve for this business, A. Pr.16. 2 in bad sense, over-boldness, recklessness, Id.Ch.1004 (996); πῶς οὖν . . ἐς τόδ' ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; S.OT125, cf. E.Ion1264, etc.; τόλμης ἔργα κἀναισχυντίας Ar.Th.702; τ. ἀλόγιστος Th.3.82, cf. 6.59; τ. καὶ ἀναίδεια Antipho 3.3.5, Is.6.46; θρασύτης καὶ τ. Pl.La. 197b; τ. καὶ ἀναισχυντία Id.Ap.38d; ἡ ἄφρων τ. Id.La.193d. II a bold act or daring act, φίλτρα τόλμης τῆσδε A.Ch.1029; τόλμας (gen.), ἃν ἔρεξα E.Andr.838 (lyr.): pl., κακὰς δὲ τόλμας μήτ' ἐπισταίμην ἐγώ S.Tr.582, cf. Aj.46; ἀνόσιοι πληγῶν τ. Pl.Lg.881a, cf. Ep.336d. III Pythag. name for two, 2, Anatol. ap. Theol.Ar.8. (v. τλάω.)

German (Pape)

[Seite 1126] ἡ, auch τόλμη, der Muth, Etwas zu unternehmen, Kühnheit, Dreistigkeit; Pind. τόλμα καὶ δύναμις ἕσποιτο, Ol. 9, 82; εὐθεῖα, 13, 11; τόλμᾳ τε καὶ σθένει, P. 10, 24, u. öfter; τόλμας ἀφαιρεῖν, Eur. Suppl. 465; τόλμης ἕκατι κἀδίκου φρονήματος, Aesch. Ch. 990; πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστὴς ἐς τόδ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη, Soph. O. R. 125 u. öfter, wie Eur., σὺ τόλμαν τήνδ' ἔτλης ἀμήχανον Hec. 1123, τί τέρμα τόλμης γενήσεται Hipp. 937; τόλμης ἔργα κἀναισχυντίας, Ar. Th. 702; Her. 7, 135; καὶ ἀναίδεια, Dem.; Aesch. 1, 24; Plat. oft, καὶ θρασύτης, Lach. 197 b; καὶ ἀναισχυντία, Apol. 384; Folgde; auch das Unterfangen, das Wagniß, Aesch. Ch. 1025; als eigtl. att. gilt τόλμη, nach Ellendt überall bei den Tragg. herzustellen; doch findet sich τόλμα auch Eur. Andr. 702 Ion 1264. – Verwandt mit ταάω, ταλα'Ω, tolerare.

French (Bailly abrégé)

1ης (ἡ) :
I. au sens abstrait;
1 hardiesse, résolution;
2 en mauv. part audace;
II. au sens concret acte audacieux.
Étymologie: R. Ταλ, porter, supporter, avoir la force ou le courage de ; v. τλάω.
2impér. prés. de τολμάω.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

τόλμᾰ:
I дор. τόλμᾱ
1) смелость, отвага Aesch., Pind., Her.;
2) дерзость Aesch., Soph., Arph., Thuc., Plat.;
3) смелый или дерзновенный поступок, отважное деяние Trag., Plat.
τόλμᾱ: II imper. к τολμάω.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

τόλμᾰ: -ης, -ἡ, καὶ χάριν τοῦ μέτρου τόλμη, ὅπερ Φρύνιχος ὁ Ἀράβιος ἐν τοῖς Α. Β. 66, 23, παραβάλλει πρὸς τὸ πρύμνη ἀντὶ πρύμνα· ἀλλὰ μόνον ὁ ὁμαλὸς τύπος τόλμᾰ ἀπαντᾷ παρὰ τοῖς Τραγικοῖς, Εὐρ. Ἀνδρ. 702, Ἴων 1264, Ἀποσπ. 430a, (παρ’ Εὐρ. ἐν Ἴωνι 1416, ἥδε τόλμα σου εἶναι ἡ πιθ. γραφή)· τόλμᾱ εἶναι Δωρικ., ὡς παρὰ Πινδ. Ὡς καὶ νῦν, τόλμη, θάρρος, ἀφοβία, Πινδ. Ο. 9. 122, κλπ., Ἡρόδ. 2. 121, 6., 7. 135, καὶ Ἀττικ.· τόλμα καλῶν, θάρρος, πρὸς καλάς, γενναίας πράξεις, Πινδ. Ν. 7. 86· τῶνδε τόλμαν σχέθειν, ἔχειν τόλμην πρὸς ἐκτέλεσιν τούτων, Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 16. 2) ἐπὶ κακῆς σημασίας, ἀπερίσκεπτος καὶ ἀλόγιστος τόλμη, θρασύτης, ἰταμότης, Λατ. audacia, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Χο. 996· πῶς ουν... ἐς τόδ’ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 125, Εὐριπ., κλπ.· τόλμης ἔργα κἀναισχυντίας Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 702· τ. ἀλόγιστος Θουκ. 3. 82, πρβλ. 6. 59· τόλμ. καὶ ἀναίδεια Ἰσαῖ. 60. 43· καὶ θρασύτης Πλάτ. Λάχ. 197Β· καὶ ἀναισχυντία Ἀντιφῶν 123. 1, Πλάτ. Ἀπολ. 38D· ἡ ἄφρων τ. ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Λάχ. 193D. ΙΙ. παράτολμος πρᾶξις, φίλτρα τόλμης τῆσδε Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 1029· τόλμαν ἂν ἔρεξα Εὐρ. Ἀνδρ. 838· πληθ., κακὰς δὲ τόλμας μήτ’ ἐπισταίμην ἐγὼ Σοφ. Τρ. 583, πρβλ. Αἴ. 46· ἀνόσιοι πληγῶν τ. Πλάτ. Νόμ. 881A. (Ἴδε ἐν λέξ. *τλάω).

English (Slater)

τόλμα (-α, -ᾳ, -αν.) daring, courage τόλμα δὲ καὶ ἀμφιλαφὴς δύναμις ἕσποιτο (O. 9.82) τόλμα τέ μοι εὐθεῖα γλῶσσαν ὀρνύει λέγειν (O. 13.11) ὃς ἂν τὰ μέγιστ' ἀέθλων ἕλῃ τόλμᾳ τε καὶ σθένει (P. 10.24) τόλμαν τε καλῶν ἀρομένῳ courage for noble acts (N. 7.59) οὐδ' ἀμόχθῳ καρδίᾳ προσφέρων τόλμαν παραιτεῖται χάριν (N. 10.30) τόλμᾳ γὰρ εἰκὼς θυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντων ἐν πόνῳ (sc. Μέλισσος) (I. 4.45) τόλμα τέ μιν ζαμενὴς καὶ σύνεσις πρόσκοπος ἐσάωσεν fr. 231.

Greek Monotonic

τόλμᾰ: -ης, ἡ (*τλάω
I. 1. τόλμη, θάρρος, αφοβία, σε Πίνδ., Ηρόδ., Αττ.· τῶνδε τόλμαν σχεθεῖν, να έχεις τόλμη γι' αυτή τη δουλειά, σε Αισχύλ.
2. με αρνητική σημασία, απερίσκεπτη και αλόγιστη τόλμη, θρασύτητα, αυθάδεια, Λατ. audacia, σε Τραγ. κ.λπ.
II. παράτολμη πράξη, στο ίδ.

Middle Liddell

τόλμᾰ, ης, [*τλάω
I. courage, to undertake or venture a thing, boldness, daring, hardihood, courage, Pind., Hdt., attic; τῶνδε τόλμαν σχεθεῖν to have courage for this business, Aesch.
2. in bad sense, over-boldness, recklessness, Lat. audacia, Trag., etc.
II. a bold or daring act, Trag.

English (Woodhouse)

boldness, courage, daring, initiative, bold enterprise, daring act, daring attempt, daring deed, dreadful act, in bad sense, rash act, self-assertion

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