ῥάχις: Difference between revisions

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|etymtx=-ιος<br />Grammatical information: f. (m.)<br />Meaning: [[spine]], [[back]], often metaph. <b class="b2">ridge etc.</b> (I 208).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίτης</b> m. <b class="b2">belonging to the spine</b> (Arist., medic.), <b class="b3">ἐπιρραχ-ίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι</b> (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥαχι-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.); 3. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to crack, to chop up (the spine)</b> (trag.), also <b class="b2">to show off, to boast</b> (Din., H.) with <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[splitter]] (pap.), [[show off]], [[boaster]] (Theopomp. Com.), <b class="b3">-ιστήρ ψεύστης</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλαζών</b> H. With transformation of the stem: 4. <b class="b3">ῥάχ-ετρον</b> = <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> H., also des. of a certain part of it (Poll., Phot.; after <b class="b3">ἄγκιστρον</b>, <b class="b3">δέρτρον</b>, <b class="b3">ἦτρον</b>?; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">ῥαχίζω</b> (Poll.); beside it <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ετρον</b> etc. (s. [[ῥάκος]]?). 5. <b class="b3">ῥαχάς χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον</b> H., Phot. (after <b class="b3">δειράς</b>, <b class="b3">σπιλάς</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">ῥαχάδην ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως</b> H. 6. Gen. sg. <b class="b3">τοῦ ῥαχα</b> from <b class="b3">ῥαχας</b> <b class="b2">id.?</b> (Halaesa; Rom. times). -- Beside it <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b> (<b class="b3">ῥᾶχος</b>; codd. also <b class="b3">ῥάχος</b>, prob. after <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b>), Ion. <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b> f. <b class="b2">briar, thorn hedge, (thorny) sprig</b> (Hdt., S., X., Thphr.), <b class="b3">ἐΰ-ρρηχος</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχώδης</b> [[thorny]] (Nic.); denom. <b class="b3">ῥαχῶσαι</b> <b class="b2">to cover with sprigs</b> (Att., 307-6a). On the meaning [[briar]], [[spine]], [[back]] cf. e.g. <b class="b3">ἄκανθα</b>, Lat. [[spina]] a.o. -- Unclear <b class="b3">ῥάχνος</b> n. (pap. IV-VIp), approx. [[cloak]]?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> can be compared directly Lith. [[ražis]] [[stubble]] (beside which more usual <b class="b2">rãžas</b> <b class="b2">stubble, (fork)tooth, barren twig</b>), IE <b class="b2">*u̯raǵh-i-</b>; anl. <b class="b2">u̯-</b> is confirmed by <b class="b3">ὀρήχου</b> (<b class="b3">ὀ-</b> = <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) <b class="b3">τῆς αἱμασιᾶς</b> H. Beside it full-(lengthened)grade <b class="b2">*u̯rāǵh-</b> in <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b>. Further analysis uncertain: it can be both verbal and nominal derivations, also enlargements of a root noun etc. Further connection with <b class="b3">ῥαχία</b>, <b class="b3">ῥάσσω</b> cannot be shown (rejected by Solmsen Wortforsch. 163n.1); orig. meaning [[stitch]], [[bump]]?? -- WP. 1, 318 (after Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180. -- <b class="b3">Ϝραχ-</b> cannot be derived from an IE form; is the word Pre-Greek?
|etymtx=-ιος<br />Grammatical information: f. (m.)<br />Meaning: [[spine]], [[back]], often metaph. <b class="b2">ridge etc.</b> (I 208).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίτης</b> m. [[belonging to the spine]] (Arist., medic.), <b class="b3">ἐπιρραχ-ίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι</b> (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥαχι-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.); 3. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to crack, to chop up (the spine)</b> (trag.), also <b class="b2">to show off, to boast</b> (Din., H.) with <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[splitter]] (pap.), [[show off]], [[boaster]] (Theopomp. Com.), <b class="b3">-ιστήρ ψεύστης</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλαζών</b> H. With transformation of the stem: 4. <b class="b3">ῥάχ-ετρον</b> = <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> H., also des. of a certain part of it (Poll., Phot.; after <b class="b3">ἄγκιστρον</b>, <b class="b3">δέρτρον</b>, <b class="b3">ἦτρον</b>?; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">ῥαχίζω</b> (Poll.); beside it <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ετρον</b> etc. (s. [[ῥάκος]]?). 5. <b class="b3">ῥαχάς χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον</b> H., Phot. (after <b class="b3">δειράς</b>, <b class="b3">σπιλάς</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">ῥαχάδην ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως</b> H. 6. Gen. sg. <b class="b3">τοῦ ῥαχα</b> from <b class="b3">ῥαχας</b> <b class="b2">id.?</b> (Halaesa; Rom. times). -- Beside it <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b> (<b class="b3">ῥᾶχος</b>; codd. also <b class="b3">ῥάχος</b>, prob. after <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b>), Ion. <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b> f. <b class="b2">briar, thorn hedge, (thorny) sprig</b> (Hdt., S., X., Thphr.), <b class="b3">ἐΰ-ρρηχος</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχώδης</b> [[thorny]] (Nic.); denom. <b class="b3">ῥαχῶσαι</b> [[to cover with sprigs]] (Att., 307-6a). On the meaning [[briar]], [[spine]], [[back]] cf. e.g. <b class="b3">ἄκανθα</b>, Lat. [[spina]] a.o. -- Unclear <b class="b3">ῥάχνος</b> n. (pap. IV-VIp), approx. [[cloak]]?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> can be compared directly Lith. [[ražis]] [[stubble]] (beside which more usual <b class="b2">rãžas</b> <b class="b2">stubble, (fork)tooth, barren twig</b>), IE <b class="b2">*u̯raǵh-i-</b>; anl. <b class="b2">u̯-</b> is confirmed by <b class="b3">ὀρήχου</b> (<b class="b3">ὀ-</b> = <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) <b class="b3">τῆς αἱμασιᾶς</b> H. Beside it full-(lengthened)grade <b class="b2">*u̯rāǵh-</b> in <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b>. Further analysis uncertain: it can be both verbal and nominal derivations, also enlargements of a root noun etc. Further connection with <b class="b3">ῥαχία</b>, <b class="b3">ῥάσσω</b> cannot be shown (rejected by Solmsen Wortforsch. 163n.1); orig. meaning [[stitch]], [[bump]]?? -- WP. 1, 318 (after Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180. -- <b class="b3">Ϝραχ-</b> cannot be derived from an IE form; is the word Pre-Greek?
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Revision as of 14:40, 1 July 2020

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: ῥᾰχις Medium diacritics: ῥάχις Low diacritics: ράχις Capitals: ΡΑΧΙΣ
Transliteration A: rháchis Transliteration B: rhachis Transliteration C: rachis Beta Code: r(a/xis

English (LSJ)

ιος, Att. εως, ἡ (but ὁ IG42 (v. infr.)),

   A the lower part of the back, the chine, συὸς ῥ. Il.9.208.    2 spine or backbone, σύγκειται ἡ ῥ. ἐκ σφονδύλων, τείνει δ' ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς μέχρι πρὸς τὰ ἰσχία Arist.HA516a11, cf. PA654b12, al.; ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες impaled, A. Eu.190, cf. S.Fr.20, E.Cyc.643; μυελὸς κοίλης ῥάχεως Archel. ap. Antig.Mir.89, cf. Pl.Ti.77d, 91a.    II anything ridged like the backbone:    1 ridge of a hill or mountain, Hdt.3.54, 7.216, IG42(1).71.14 (Epid., iii B.C.), Plb.3.101.2, D.H.5.44, Str.3.2.3 (pl.); ἂν ῥάχιν along the ridge, GDI5075.69 (Crete, i B.C.); so Archil.21 like ned Thasos to an ὄνου ῥάχις.    2 ῥ. ῥινός bridge of the nose, Poll.2.79, Ruf.Onom.35.    3 ῥ. φύλλου mid-rib of a leaf, Thphr.HP3.7.5, al.    4 the sharp projection on the middle of the shoulder-blade, Gal. UP13.10, Ruf.Onom.71.    5 outer edge of the arm of the polypus, Arist.HA524a7.    6 trunk, of Dagon, LXX 1 Ki.5.4.

German (Pape)

[Seite 836] ἡ, 1) der Rücken von Menschen und Thieren; συὸς ῥάχις, Il. 9, 208; τὴν ῥάχιν θλίβειν, Ar. Lys. 314; – gew. der hervorstehende scharfe Theil von den Fortsätzen der Rückgratswirbel, das Rückgrat selbst, ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες, Aesch. Eum. 181; ἀμπείρας ῥάχιν, Eur. Rhes. 514; u. in Prosa, Plat. Tim. 77 d 91 a, Xen. equit. 5, 5. 7, 2; u. Sp., ἱερή, Agath. 55 (IX, 644). – Auch die scharfe, vorstehende Rippe auf der Mitte des Schulterblattes, u. ῥάχις ῥινός, das Nasenbein, u. φύλλου, Rippe des Blattes, Theophr. – 2) übtr., ῥάχις ὄρεος, Bergrücken, Her. 3, 54. 7, 216; bes. von den höheren, hervorragenden rauhen Theilen eines Gebirges, Gebirgskamm, Berggrat, ἡ ἐπὶ τὰ πεδία κατατείνο υσα ῥάχις, Pol. 3, 101, 2; ῥάχει δυσβάτῳ καὶ τραχείᾳ, 5, 69, 1; Strab. u. A.; ὀρεινή, D. Hal. 5, 44; ὀργάδος, Agath. 30 (VI, 41).

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ῥάχις: [ᾰ], -ιος, Ἀττ. εως, ἡ, τὸ κατώτατον μέρος τῆς ῥάχεως, συὸς ῥ. Ἰλ. Ι. 208. 2) ἡ ῥάχιςἄκανθα, κοινῶς «ῥαχοκόκκαλον», Λατ. spina dorsi, σύγκειται ἡ ῥ. ἐκ σφονδύλων, τείνει δ’ ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς μέχρι πρὸς τὰ ἰσχία Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 3. 7, 1, πρβλ. π. Ζ. Μορ. 2. 9, 4, κ. ἀλλ.· ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες, ἀνασκολοπισθέντες, Αἰσχύλ. Εὐμ. 190, πρβλ. Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 21, Εὐρ. Κύκλ. 643· μυελὸς κοίλης ῥάχεως Ἀρχέλ. παρ’ Ἀντιγ. Καρυστ, 96 (89), πρβλ. Πλάτ. Τίμ. 77D, 91A. ΙΙ. πᾶν τὸ ἔχον σχῆμα ῥάχεως: 1) ῥάχις ὄρους, ὡς καὶ νῦν, ὀρεινὴ σειρά, Ἡρόδ. 3, 54., 7. 216, Πολύβ. 3. 101, 2, κτλ.· κατὰ ῥάχιν, κατὰ μῆκος τῆς ὀρεινῆς σειρᾶς, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 2554. 150· - οὕτως ὁ Ἀρχίλ. 18 παραβάλλει τὴν Θάσον πρὸς ὄνου ῥάχιν 2) ῥινὸς ῥάχις, «τὰ δ’ ἑκατέρωθεν ἐπὶ τὰ μῆλα νεύοντα ὀστώδη ῥινὸς ῥάχις» Πολυδ. Β΄, 79. 3) ῥάχις φύλλου, τὸ μέσο νεῦρον τοῦ φύλλου, Θεοφ. π. Φυτ. Ἱστ. 3. 7, 5., 3. 17, 4, κτλ. 4) ἡ ἐν μέσῳ ὑπεροχὴ τῆς ὠμοπλάτης, Γαλην. 5) ἡ ἐξωτερικὴ ἄκρα (;) τῶν πλοκάμων τοῦ πολύποδος, Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 4. 1, 10. (Πρβλ. ῥάχετρον, ῥαχίτης, κτλ· Γερμ. hrucki (rücken)· Ἀρχ. Σκανδ. hryggr (Σκωτ. rigg, Ἀγγλ.ridge)· - τὸ ῥάχος εἶναι ἴσως συγγενὲς (πρβλ. ἄκανθα, spina dorsi), - ἐπειδὴ ἡ κοινὴ ἔννοια εἶναι ἡ τῆς εἰς τραχεῖαν καὶ ἀνώμαλον ἄκραν ληγούσης σειρᾶς, καὶ ἡ √ΡΑΓ, ῥηγμὶν δὲν δύναται εὐκόλως νὰ χωρισθῇ τῆς τοιαύτης θεμελιώδους ἐννοίας· ἴδε Κούρτ. σ. 743).

French (Bailly abrégé)

ιος, att. εως (ἡ) :
1 épine dorsale ; p. ext. dos, échine (d’un sanglier);
2 p. anal. crête de montagne.
Étymologie: cf. all. Rücken.

English (Autenrieth)

ιος: chine, back-piece, cut lengthwise along the spine, Il. 9.208†.

Greek Monolingual

-εως, ἡ, ΜΑ
βλ. ράχη.

Greek Monotonic

ῥάχις: [ᾰ], -ιος, Αττ. -εως, ἡ,
I. το χαμηλότερο μέρος της ράχης· η σπονδυλική στήλη σφάγιου μαζί με το κρέας της, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· μεταγεν., σπονδυλική στήλη ή ραχοκοκκαλιά· ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες, σουβλισμένοι, παλουκωμένοι, ανασκολοπισμένοι, σε Αισχύλ.
II. οτιδήποτε έχει σχήμα ραχοκοκκαλιάς, ράχη όρους, οροσειρά, ορεινή πτύχωση, σε Ηρόδ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ῥάχις: εως, ион. ιος (ᾰ) ἡ
1) хребет, спина (συός Hom.);
2) позвоночный столб, позвоночник Arst.: ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγείς Aesch. посаженный на кол;
3) горный хребет, гребень (ὄρεος Her.; ὀργάδος Anth.).

Frisk Etymological English

-ιος
Grammatical information: f. (m.)
Meaning: spine, back, often metaph. ridge etc. (I 208).
Other forms: Att. -εως.
Derivatives: 1. ῥαχ-ίτης m. belonging to the spine (Arist., medic.), ἐπιρραχ-ίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. ῥαχι-αῖος id. (medic.); 3. ῥαχ-ίζω, also w. δια-, κατα-, to crack, to chop up (the spine) (trag.), also to show off, to boast (Din., H.) with -ιστής m. splitter (pap.), show off, boaster (Theopomp. Com.), -ιστήρ ψεύστης, ἀλαζών H. With transformation of the stem: 4. ῥάχ-ετρον = ῥάχις H., also des. of a certain part of it (Poll., Phot.; after ἄγκιστρον, δέρτρον, ἦτρον?; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), with -ετρίζω = ῥαχίζω (Poll.); beside it ῥάκ-ετρον etc. (s. ῥάκος?). 5. ῥαχάς χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον H., Phot. (after δειράς, σπιλάς a.o.) with ῥαχάδην ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως H. 6. Gen. sg. τοῦ ῥαχα from ῥαχας id.? (Halaesa; Rom. times). -- Beside it ῥαχός (ῥᾶχος; codd. also ῥάχος, prob. after ῥάχις), Ion. ῥηχός f. briar, thorn hedge, (thorny) sprig (Hdt., S., X., Thphr.), ἐΰ-ρρηχος, ῥηχώδης thorny (Nic.); denom. ῥαχῶσαι to cover with sprigs (Att., 307-6a). On the meaning briar, spine, back cf. e.g. ἄκανθα, Lat. spina a.o. -- Unclear ῥάχνος n. (pap. IV-VIp), approx. cloak?
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
Etymology: With ῥάχις can be compared directly Lith. ražis stubble (beside which more usual rãžas stubble, (fork)tooth, barren twig), IE *u̯raǵh-i-; anl. u̯- is confirmed by ὀρήχου (ὀ- = Ϝ-) τῆς αἱμασιᾶς H. Beside it full-(lengthened)grade *u̯rāǵh- in ῥαχός, ῥηχός. Further analysis uncertain: it can be both verbal and nominal derivations, also enlargements of a root noun etc. Further connection with ῥαχία, ῥάσσω cannot be shown (rejected by Solmsen Wortforsch. 163n.1); orig. meaning stitch, bump?? -- WP. 1, 318 (after Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180. -- Ϝραχ- cannot be derived from an IE form; is the word Pre-Greek?

Middle Liddell


I. the lower part of the back, the chine, Il.: then, the spine or backbone, ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγῆναι to be impaled, Aesch.
II. anything ridged like the backbone, a mountain-ridge, Hdt.

Frisk Etymology German

ῥάχις: -ιος,
{rhákhis}
Forms: att. -εως
Grammar: f. (m.)
Meaning: Rückgrat, Rücken, oft übertr. Bergrücken (seit I 208).
Derivative: Davon 1. ῥαχίτης m. zum Rückgrat gehörig (Arist., Mediz.), ἐπιρραχίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. ῥαχιαῖος ib. (Mediz.); 3. ῥαχίζω, auch m. δια-, κατα-, ‘(das Rückgrat) spalten, zerstücken’ (Trag. u.a.), auch aufschneiden, prahlen (Din., H.) mit -ιστής m. Zerspalter (Pap.), Aufschneider, Prahler (Theepomp. Kom.), -ιστήρ· ψεύστης, ἀλαζών H. Mit Umbildung des Stammes: 4. ῥάχετρον = ῥάχις H., auch Ben. eines bestimmten Teils davon (Poll., Phot.; nach ἄγκιστρον, δέρτρον, ἦτρον?; vgl. auch Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), mit -ετρίζω = ῥαχίζω (Poll.); daneben ῥάκετρον usw. (s. ῥάκος). 5. ῥαχάς· χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον H., Phot. (nach δειράς, σπιλάς u.a.) mit ῥαχάδην· ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως H. 6. Gen. sg. τοῦ ῥαχα von ῥαχας ‘ds.?’ (Halaesa; röm. Zeit). — Daneben ῥαχός (ῥᾶχος; codd. auch ῥάχος, wohl nach ῥάχις), ion. ῥηχός f. ‘Dornstrauch, Dornhecke, (dorniges) Reis’ (Hdt., S., X., Thphr. u.a), ἐΰ-ρρηχος, ῥηχώδης dornig (Nik.); Denom. ῥαχῶσαι mit Reisern bedecken (att., 307-6a). Zur Bed. Dornstrauch, Rückgrat, Rücken vgl. z.B. ἄκανθα, lat. spina u.a. — Unklar ῥάχνος n. (Pap. IV-VIp), etwa Mantel?
Etymology : Mit ῥάχις läßt sich lit. ražis Stoppel (woneben weit gewöhnlicheres rãžas ‘Stoppel, (Gabel)zinke, dürres Reis’) unnuttelbar gleichsetzen, idg. *u̯răĝh-i-; anl. - wird durch ὀρήχου (ὀ- = ϝ-)· τῆς αἱμασιᾶς H. bestätigt. Daneben hoch-(dehn-)stuf. *u̯rāĝh- in ῥαχός, ῥηχός. Weitere Analyse unsicher: es kann sich sowohl um verbale wie um nominale Ableitungen, auch um Erweiterungen von einem Wz.nomen usw. handeln. Weitere Beziehung zu ῥαχία, ῥάσσω ist nicht zu beweisen (ablehnend Solmsen Wortforsch. 163A.1); urspr. Bed. stechen, stoßen?? — WP. 1, 318 (nach Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180.
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