casus: Difference between revisions
ἡ Νέμεσις προλέγει τῷ πήχεϊ τῷ τε χαλινῷ μήτ' ἄμετρόν τι ποιεῖν μήτ' ἀχάλινα λέγειν → Nemesis warns us by her cubit-rule and bridle neither to do anything without measure nor to be unbridled in our speech
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|lshtext=<b>cāsus</b>: (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque [[infra]] s geminabatur: [[cassus]], etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: [[causa]], [[Juppiter]] al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [[cado]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit., a falling (acc. to [[cado]], I. A. and C.).<br /> <b>A</b> A falling [[down]], etc.: stillicidi, Lucr. 1, 313: geli, id. 5, 205: nivis, Liv. 21, 35, 6: fulminum, Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259: celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres, Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—<br /> <b>B</b> A [[fall]], an [[overthrow]], a throwing [[down]]: occumbunt multi [[letum]] praecipe casu, Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: [[casus]], quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur, Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333: vehiculi, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al.—In plur.: cum loci Inciperent [[casus]], i. e. the [[fall]], [[destruction]] (by an [[earthquake]]), Ov. M. 8, 714.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> Of [[time]], the [[end]]: extremae sub casum hiemis, Verg. G. 1, 340.—<br /> <b>B</b> A [[moral]] [[fall]], a false [[step]], an [[error]], [[fall]]: multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit ([[natura]]), quibus [[illa]] insistere, aut ingredi [[sine]] casu [[aliquo]] ac prolapsione vix posset, Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a [[political]] [[fall]], Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., a [[fall]] or [[change]] from a [[higher]] to a [[lower]] [[condition]]: [[secum]] reputans [[quam]] [[gravis]] [[casus]] in [[servitium]] ex [[regno]] foret, Sall. J. 62, 9.—<br /> <b>C</b> That [[which]] turns [[out]] or happens [[unexpectedly]], an [[occurrence]], [[event]], [[accident]], [[chance]], [[misfortune]], [[emergency]] (this [[most]] freq. in sing. and plur.): [[quid]] est [[enim]] aliud [[fors]], [[quid]] [[fortuna]], [[quid]] [[casus]], [[quid]] [[eventus]], [[nisi]] cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere [[atque]] evenire, vel [[aliter]] cadere [[atque]] evenire potuerit? etc., Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: [[quis]] [[iste]] [[tantus]] [[casus]]? [[unde]] tam [[felix]] [[concursus]] atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90: [[novi]] [[casus]] temporum, id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60: [[quod]] [[consilium]] [[etsi]] in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, [[tamen]] [[incommode]] accidit, [[such]] an [[emergency]], Caes. B. G. 5, 33: [[quod]] in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant, Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest [[igitur]] veritatem [[casus]] imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49: [[quis]] tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit, Verg. A. 12, 321: [[sive]] illud deorum [[munus]] [[sive]] [[casus]] fuit, Curt. 4, 7, 13: quae [[casus]] obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda [[ratus]], Tac. A. 1, 29: ut quemque [[casus]] armaverat, Sall. C. 56, 3: si quos [[locus]] aut [[casus]] conjunxerat, id. J. 97 fin.: in aleam tanti [[casus]] se regnumque [[dare]], Liv. 42, 50, 2: [[ludibrium]] casūs, id. 30, 30, 5: casum [[potius]] [[quam]] [[consilium]] sequatur, Quint. 7, prooem. § 3: parata ad omnes [[casus]] [[eloquentia]], id. 10, 1, 2: bellorum, Tac. A. 1, 61: [[satis]] jam eventuum, [[satis]] casuum, id. ib. 2, 26: adversi, secundi, Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9: [[magnus]], Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: [[mirificus]], Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: mirabiles, Nep. Timol. 5, 1: rariores, Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19: dubii, Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108: varii, Verg. A. 1, 204: subiti repentinique, Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by [[chance]], [[casually]], by [[accident]], [[accidentally]]: [[quod]] si haec habent [[aliquam]] talem necessitatem, [[quid]] est [[tandem]], [[quod]] casu fieri aut [[forte]] fortunā putemus? Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18: id evenit non [[temere]] nec casu, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6: [[sive]] casu [[sive]] consilio deorum, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13: [[necessitate]] an casu, Quint. 3, 6, 26: casu an persuasu et inductu, id. 5, 10, 69: casu an manibus [[impeditus]], Tac. A. 1, 13: accidit casu ut legati, etc., Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,<br /> <b>b</b> A [[chance]], an [[occasion]], [[opportunity]] for [[something]] (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.): [[aetas]] [[illa]] [[multo]] pluris [[quam]] nostra [[casus]] mortis habet, Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.: mortis durae [[casus]], Verg. A. 10, 791: aut vi aut dolis [[sese]] casum victoriae inventurum, Sall. J. 25, 9: praeclari facinoris casum [[dare]], id. ib. 56, 4; so, si [[casus]] daretur, Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9: invadendae Armeniae, id. ib. 12, 50: pugnae, id. ib. 12, 28: [[bene]] gerendae rei, id. ib. 13, 36: casum adferre, Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the [[idea]] of [[suddenness]], unexpectedness, [[easily]] passes [[into]] [[that]] of [[hostility]], adverseness (cf. [[accido]], 4.), [[casus]] signifies,<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., an [[adverse]] [[event]], a [[misfortune]], [[mishap]], [[calamity]], = [[συμφορά]] | |lshtext=<b>cāsus</b>: (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque [[infra]] s geminabatur: [[cassus]], etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: [[causa]], [[Juppiter]] al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [[cado]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit., a falling (acc. to [[cado]], I. A. and C.).<br /> <b>A</b> A falling [[down]], etc.: stillicidi, Lucr. 1, 313: geli, id. 5, 205: nivis, Liv. 21, 35, 6: fulminum, Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259: celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres, Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—<br /> <b>B</b> A [[fall]], an [[overthrow]], a throwing [[down]]: occumbunt multi [[letum]] praecipe casu, Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: [[casus]], quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur, Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333: vehiculi, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al.—In plur.: cum loci Inciperent [[casus]], i. e. the [[fall]], [[destruction]] (by an [[earthquake]]), Ov. M. 8, 714.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> Of [[time]], the [[end]]: extremae sub casum hiemis, Verg. G. 1, 340.—<br /> <b>B</b> A [[moral]] [[fall]], a false [[step]], an [[error]], [[fall]]: multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit ([[natura]]), quibus [[illa]] insistere, aut ingredi [[sine]] casu [[aliquo]] ac prolapsione vix posset, Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a [[political]] [[fall]], Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., a [[fall]] or [[change]] from a [[higher]] to a [[lower]] [[condition]]: [[secum]] reputans [[quam]] [[gravis]] [[casus]] in [[servitium]] ex [[regno]] foret, Sall. J. 62, 9.—<br /> <b>C</b> That [[which]] turns [[out]] or happens [[unexpectedly]], an [[occurrence]], [[event]], [[accident]], [[chance]], [[misfortune]], [[emergency]] (this [[most]] freq. in sing. and plur.): [[quid]] est [[enim]] aliud [[fors]], [[quid]] [[fortuna]], [[quid]] [[casus]], [[quid]] [[eventus]], [[nisi]] cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere [[atque]] evenire, vel [[aliter]] cadere [[atque]] evenire potuerit? etc., Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: [[quis]] [[iste]] [[tantus]] [[casus]]? [[unde]] tam [[felix]] [[concursus]] atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90: [[novi]] [[casus]] temporum, id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60: [[quod]] [[consilium]] [[etsi]] in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, [[tamen]] [[incommode]] accidit, [[such]] an [[emergency]], Caes. B. G. 5, 33: [[quod]] in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant, Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest [[igitur]] veritatem [[casus]] imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49: [[quis]] tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit, Verg. A. 12, 321: [[sive]] illud deorum [[munus]] [[sive]] [[casus]] fuit, Curt. 4, 7, 13: quae [[casus]] obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda [[ratus]], Tac. A. 1, 29: ut quemque [[casus]] armaverat, Sall. C. 56, 3: si quos [[locus]] aut [[casus]] conjunxerat, id. J. 97 fin.: in aleam tanti [[casus]] se regnumque [[dare]], Liv. 42, 50, 2: [[ludibrium]] casūs, id. 30, 30, 5: casum [[potius]] [[quam]] [[consilium]] sequatur, Quint. 7, prooem. § 3: parata ad omnes [[casus]] [[eloquentia]], id. 10, 1, 2: bellorum, Tac. A. 1, 61: [[satis]] jam eventuum, [[satis]] casuum, id. ib. 2, 26: adversi, secundi, Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9: [[magnus]], Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: [[mirificus]], Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: mirabiles, Nep. Timol. 5, 1: rariores, Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19: dubii, Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108: varii, Verg. A. 1, 204: subiti repentinique, Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by [[chance]], [[casually]], by [[accident]], [[accidentally]]: [[quod]] si haec habent [[aliquam]] talem necessitatem, [[quid]] est [[tandem]], [[quod]] casu fieri aut [[forte]] fortunā putemus? Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18: id evenit non [[temere]] nec casu, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6: [[sive]] casu [[sive]] consilio deorum, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13: [[necessitate]] an casu, Quint. 3, 6, 26: casu an persuasu et inductu, id. 5, 10, 69: casu an manibus [[impeditus]], Tac. A. 1, 13: accidit casu ut legati, etc., Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,<br /> <b>b</b> A [[chance]], an [[occasion]], [[opportunity]] for [[something]] (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.): [[aetas]] [[illa]] [[multo]] pluris [[quam]] nostra [[casus]] mortis habet, Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.: mortis durae [[casus]], Verg. A. 10, 791: aut vi aut dolis [[sese]] casum victoriae inventurum, Sall. J. 25, 9: praeclari facinoris casum [[dare]], id. ib. 56, 4; so, si [[casus]] daretur, Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9: invadendae Armeniae, id. ib. 12, 50: pugnae, id. ib. 12, 28: [[bene]] gerendae rei, id. ib. 13, 36: casum adferre, Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the [[idea]] of [[suddenness]], unexpectedness, [[easily]] passes [[into]] [[that]] of [[hostility]], adverseness (cf. [[accido]], 4.), [[casus]] signifies,<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., an [[adverse]] [[event]], a [[misfortune]], [[mishap]], [[calamity]], = [[συμφορά]]: [[meum]] illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum, Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4: [[dolens]] civitatis casum, Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of [[disease]]: si [[alius]] [[casus]] [[lecto]] te adfixit, Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494: res [[minime]] in hujusmodi casu [[noxia]], in the [[earthquake]], Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3: urbis Trojanae, [[overthrow]], Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,<br /> <b>b</b> Euphemist. for [[death]]: Saturnini [[atque]] Gracchorum [[casus]], Caes. B. C. 1, 7: sui quemque [[casus]] per [[quinquennium]] absumpsissent, Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—<br /> <b>D</b> In gram. t. t., a [[case]] in the [[inflection]] of words: [[propter]] eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati [[casus]], uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, [[quom]] vocaret, etc., Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: [[casus]] dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.: ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et [[numero]] conservemus, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40: [[barbari]] [[casus]]... [[casus]] [[rectus]], id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61: obliqui, id. 1, 6, 22: nominativo, dativo, ablativo, id. 7, 9, 13: genitivo, id. 1, 5, 62: [[Latinus]], [[sextus]], i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.: conversi, i. e. obliqui, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. [[genetivus]]), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz: vocandi, id. ib.: [[septimus]], Quint. 1, 4, 26. | ||
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Revision as of 09:31, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
cāsus: (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. cado.
I Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
A A falling down, etc.: stillicidi, Lucr. 1, 313: geli, id. 5, 205: nivis, Liv. 21, 35, 6: fulminum, Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259: celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres, Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
B A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down: occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu, Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur, Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333: vehiculi, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al.—In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
II Trop.
A Of time, the end: extremae sub casum hiemis, Verg. G. 1, 340.—
B A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall: multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset, Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
2 Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition: secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret, Sall. J. 62, 9.—
C That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.): quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc., Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90: novi casus temporum, id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60: quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit, such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33: quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant, Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49: quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit, Verg. A. 12, 321: sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit, Curt. 4, 7, 13: quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus, Tac. A. 1, 29: ut quemque casus armaverat, Sall. C. 56, 3: si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat, id. J. 97 fin.: in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare, Liv. 42, 50, 2: ludibrium casūs, id. 30, 30, 5: casum potius quam consilium sequatur, Quint. 7, prooem. § 3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia, id. 10, 1, 2: bellorum, Tac. A. 1, 61: satis jam eventuum, satis casuum, id. ib. 2, 26: adversi, secundi, Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9: magnus, Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: mirificus, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: mirabiles, Nep. Timol. 5, 1: rariores, Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19: dubii, Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108: varii, Verg. A. 1, 204: subiti repentinique, Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally: quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus? Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18: id evenit non temere nec casu, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6: sive casu sive consilio deorum, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13: necessitate an casu, Quint. 3, 6, 26: casu an persuasu et inductu, id. 5, 10, 69: casu an manibus impeditus, Tac. A. 1, 13: accidit casu ut legati, etc., Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
b A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.): aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet, Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.: mortis durae casus, Verg. A. 10, 791: aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum, Sall. J. 25, 9: praeclari facinoris casum dare, id. ib. 56, 4; so, si casus daretur, Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9: invadendae Armeniae, id. ib. 12, 50: pugnae, id. ib. 12, 28: bene gerendae rei, id. ib. 13, 36: casum adferre, Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
2 Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = συμφορά: meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum, Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4: dolens civitatis casum, Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease: si alius casus lecto te adfixit, Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494: res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia, in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3: urbis Trojanae, overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
b Euphemist. for death: Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus, Caes. B. C. 1, 7: sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent, Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
D In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words: propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc., Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.: ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40: barbari casus... casus rectus, id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61: obliqui, id. 1, 6, 22: nominativo, dativo, ablativo, id. 7, 9, 13: genitivo, id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.: conversi, i. e. obliqui, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz: vocandi, id. ib.: septimus, Quint. 1, 4, 26.
