ἀπήνη: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">wagon with four wheels</b> (Il.). Synonym of <b class="b3">ἅμαξα</b>, Delebecque Cheval 174f.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πήνα· ἀπήνη</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Unknown. The first question is the relation with <b class="b3">πήνα ἀπήνη</b> H.; apocopated acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 45; thus Fur. 374: the analysis must be <b class="b3">ἀπ-ηνη</b>; but rejected by Winter Prothet. Vokal 13 (if the <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> is a proth. vowel, the word would be a substr. word). Then there is the synonym <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> (Xenarch. 11, Thess.), s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 152; the agreement is remarkable, the word is hardly IE. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares <b class="b3">γάπος ὄχημα</b>. <b class="b3">Τυρρηνοί</b> H. He also adduces (285) <b class="b3">λαμπήνη</b> id. (with <b class="b3">λαπίνη</b>, which shows prenasalization; on <b class="b3">λ</b>\/zero see Fur. 392). Further one has compared <b class="b3">ἀμανάν ἅμαξαν</b> H. There is also Myc. [[apenewo]], which would be drawing animals; but <b class="b3">ἀπήνη</b> will have <b class="b3">-ανα</b>. Banat̨eanu REIE 3, 141 thought the word is Anatolian (which amounts to saying that it is a substr. word), which DELG considers possible (but not because <b class="b3">ἄμαξα</b> is IE, q.v.!); Szemerényi, JHS 94 (1974) 149f. thought it could be Semitic. - The comparison with <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> is the most convincing and shows foreign (substr.) origin (<b class="b3">κ-</b>\/zero Fur. 391f.). | |etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">wagon with four wheels</b> (Il.). Synonym of <b class="b3">ἅμαξα</b>, Delebecque Cheval 174f.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πήνα· ἀπήνη</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Unknown. The first question is the relation with <b class="b3">πήνα ἀπήνη</b> H.; apocopated acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 45; thus Fur. 374: the analysis must be <b class="b3">ἀπ-ηνη</b>; but rejected by Winter Prothet. Vokal 13 (if the <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> is a proth. vowel, the word would be a substr. word). Then there is the synonym <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> (Xenarch. 11, Thess.), s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 152; the agreement is remarkable, the word is hardly IE. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares <b class="b3">γάπος ὄχημα</b>. <b class="b3">Τυρρηνοί</b> H. He also adduces (285) <b class="b3">λαμπήνη</b> id. (with <b class="b3">λαπίνη</b>, which shows prenasalization; on <b class="b3">λ</b>\/zero see Fur. 392). Further one has compared <b class="b3">ἀμανάν ἅμαξαν</b> H. There is also Myc. [[apenewo]], which would be drawing animals; but <b class="b3">ἀπήνη</b> will have <b class="b3">-ανα</b>. Banat̨eanu REIE 3, 141 thought the word is Anatolian (which amounts to saying that it is a substr. word), which DELG considers possible (but not because <b class="b3">ἄμαξα</b> is IE, q.v.!); Szemerényi, JHS 94 (1974) 149f. thought it could be Semitic. - The comparison with <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> is the most convincing and shows foreign (substr.) origin (<b class="b3">κ-</b>\/zero Fur. 391f.). | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[Deriv. [[unknown]].]<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a [[four]]-[[wheeled]] wagon, Hom.: any car or [[chariot]], Aesch., Soph.:—metaph., ναΐα ἀπ. a [[ship]], Eur.; [[τετραβάμων]] [[ἀπήνη]], of the [[Trojan]] [[horse]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> metaph. also, like [[ζεῦγος]], a [[pair]], e. g. of brothers, Eur. | |||
}} | }} |
Revision as of 14:10, 9 January 2019
English (LSJ)
[ᾰ], ἡ,
A four-wheeled wagon, drawn by mules, ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην Il.24.324, cf. Od.6.57 with 69,72,73,82; much the same as ἅμαξα, cf. Il.24.266 with 324, Od.6.72 with 73: of a racing-car, drawn by mules, ἡμιόνοις ξεστᾷ τ' ἀπήνᾳ Pi.P.4.94, cf. O. 5.3, Arist.Fr.568; ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἀπήνη . . ἡμιόνους ἀνθ' ἵππων ἔχουσα Paus. 5.9.2. 2 later, any car or chariot, A.Ag.906, S.OT753; ἀ. πωλική ib.803; war-chariot, Str.4.5.2; cf. καπάνα. 3 metaph., any conveyance, νατα ἀ. ship, E.Med.1123; πλωταῖς ἀπήνῃσι Lyr.Adesp.117 ( = Trag.Adesp.142); τετραβάμονος ὡς ὑπ' ἀπήνας, of the Trojan horse, E.Tr.517 (lyr.). 4 metaph., like ζεῦγος, pair, e.g. of brothers, ἀ. ὁμόπτερος Id.Ph.329 (lyr.). 5 in pl., the alae nasi, Poll.2.80.
German (Pape)
[Seite 290] ἡ, ein vierrädriger Wagen, um Lasten, zuweilen Frauen u. Greise zu fahren, gew. mit Maulthieren bespannt, von Hom. an, Iliad. 24, 275 sqq Od. 6, 57 sqq. 7, 5; Soph. O. R. 753. 803; vgl. Paus. 5, 9. Bei Pind. ein Maulthiergespann, vgl. Ol. 5, 3. Uebh. Fahrzeug, ναΐα, Schiff, Eur. Med. 1122, vgl. p. bei D. Hal. C. V. 17; Gespann, Paar, Phoen. 338.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἀπήνη: ἡ, τετράτροχος ἅμαξα συρομένη ὑπὸ ἡμιόνων, ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην Ἰλ. Ω. 324· πρβλ. Ὀδ. Ζ. 57, πρὸς τοὺς στίχ. 68. 72, 73, 82· ἡ λέξις ἀπήνη εἶναι ἐν πλείστοις ὀμοία καὶ σχεδὸν ὁμώνυμος τῇ ἁμάξῃ, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Ω. 266 πρὸς τὸ 324, καὶ Ὀδ. Ζ. 72 πρὸς τὸ 73: ὅτε ἐχρησίμευε δι’ ἁρματηλασίας, ὡς ἐν Πινδ. Ο. 5, 6 (πρβλ. Ἀριστ. Ἀποσπ. 527), καὶ τότε ἀκόμη ἀσύρετο ὑπὸ ἡμιόνων· ἡμιόνοις ξεστᾷ τ’ ἀπήνᾳ Π. 4. 94 (166)· ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἀπήνη… ἡμιόνους ἀνθ’ ἵππων ἔχουσα Παυσ. 5. 9. 2. 2) μετέπειτα ἐσήμαινε πᾶν εἶδος ἁμάξης ἢ ἅρματος, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 906, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 753· ἀπ. πωλικὴ αὐτόθι 803: πολεμικὸν ἅρμα, Στράβ. 200· πρβλ. καπάνη. ΙΙΙ. μεταφ., ἐπὶ παντὸς μέσου μεταφορᾶς, ναΐα ἀπ., πλοῖον, Εὑρ. Μήδ. 1123· πλωταῖς ἀπήνῃσι Ποιητὴς παρὰ Διον. Ἁλ. περὶ Συνθέσ. 17· τετραβάμονος ὡς ὑπ’ ἀπήνας, περὶ τοῦ δουρείου ἵππου, ὡς κινουμένου διὰ τροχῶν, Εὐρ. Τρῳ. 517. 4) μεταφ. ὡσαύτως, ὡς τὸ ζεῦγος, π.χ. ἐπὶ ἀδελφῶν, ὁ αὐτ. Φοίν. 329· (ἐτυμολογία ἄγνωστος).
French (Bailly abrégé)
ης (ἡ) :
chariot, voiture à quatre roues attelées de mules, qqf de bœufs ; postér. char ; ναΐα ἀπήνη EUR char nautique, bateau.
Étymologie: DELG terme techn., sans étym.
English (Autenrieth)
ης: wagon, for freight, and four-wheeled, Il. 24.324; with tent-like cover, Od. 6.70; usually drawn by mules. (See cut on following page.)
Spanish (DGE)
-ης, ἡ
• Alolema(s): dór. ἀπήνα, -ας Pi.P.4.94
• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]
I 1carro de cuatro ruedas para transportar cargas οὐκ ἂν δή μοι ἐφοπλίσσειας ἀπήνην ... ἵνα εἵματα ... ἄγωμαι; Od.6.57, cf. 69, 75, el cadáver de Héctor τόν γ' ... ἤειραν ἐϋξέστην ἐπ' ἀπήνην Il.24.590, cf. Plu.2.31b, esp. para viajar: del de Agamenón ἔκβαιν' ἀπήνης τῆσδε A.A.906, 1039, del utilizado por Layo, S.OT 753, 803, 812, esp. para llevar ancianos ἐς δ' ἄγαγε Πρίαμόν τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ δῶρ' ἐπ' ἀπήνης Il.24.447 y mujeres, Stesich.148.2.5S., E.IA 618, para llevar a la novia ritualmente el día de la boda ἐπ' ἀπήνης ἤγοντ' ἀνδρὶ γυναῖκα Hes.Sc.273, νυμφιδίην ... ἔζευξεν ἀπήνην Nonn.D.11.278, gener. tirado por mulas Il.24.578, Od.6.73, en competiciones ἀνὰ δ' ἡμιόνοις ξεστᾷ τ' ἀπήνᾳ Pi.P.4.94, cf. O.5.3, Paus.5.9.2, en sacrificios τὴν ἀπήνην κόσμου Plb.31.26.4
•como tít. de una comedia de Filónides, Sud.s.u.
2 carro o tartana usado por los nómadas como vivienda Γλακτοφάγων ... ἀπήνας οἰκί' ἐχόντων Hes.Fr.151.
3 carro de guerra Str.4.5.2.
4 fig. de un barco ναΐα ἀ. E.Med.1123, πλωταῖς ἀπήνῃσι Lyr.Adesp.109f
•del caballo de Troya τετραβάμονος ὡς ὑπ' ἀπήνας E.Tr.517.
II 1tiro fig. ἀ. ὁμόπτερος el par de iguales alas e.e. la pareja de hermanos (Etéocles y Polinices), E.Ph.328.
2 ἀπῆναι, αἱ aletas de la nariz Poll.2.80.
• Etimología: Palabra de origen semítico, de ’apan ‘rueda’ (cf. ugarítico ’apu, hebr. sōfān).
Greek Monolingual
ἀπήνη, η (Α)
1. άμαξα με τέσσερεις τροχούς που σύρεται από μουλάρια
2. κάθε είδος άμαξας ή άρματος
3. κάθε μέσο μεταφοράς
4. το ζευγάρι, δύο άνθρωποι ή ζευγάρι από ζώα.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Άγνωστης ετυμολ. Ο συσχετισμός με τον τ. πήνος «ύφασμα, ιστός», λατ. pannus «ύφασμα» δεν είναι ικανοποιητικός. Η σύνδεση με Μυκην. γεν. πλ. apenewo < απηνεύς «υποζύγιο για όχημα με τέσσερεις τροχούς» δικαιολογεί το η της δεύτερης συλλαβής ως κοινό ελληνικό. Πιθ. πήνα (Ησύχ.) < απήνη, με αποκοπή του αρχικού α. Ο τ. είναι συνώνυμος της λ. άμαξα, απαντά στον Όμηρο και στους άλλους ποιητές, ενώ είναι άγνωστος στην πεζογραφία. Μαρτυρείται παράλληλος θεσσαλ. τ. καπᾱνᾱ].
Greek Monotonic
ἀπήνη: ἡ,
1. τετράτροχη άμαξα που την έσερναν μουλάρια, σε Όμηρ.· άμαξα ή άρμα οποιουδήποτε τύπου, σε Αισχύλ., Σοφ.· μεταφ., ναΐα ἀπήνη, το πλοίο, σε Ευρ.· τετραβάμων ἀπήνη, λέγεται για το δούρειο ίππο, στον ίδ.
2. μεταφ. επίσης, όπως το ζεῦγος, ζευγάρι, όπως π.χ. δύο αδελφών, στον ίδ. (άγν. προέλ.).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀπήνη: ἡ
1) повозка, телега (четырехколесная) Hom.; колесница Aesch., Soph., Arst.: ναΐα ἀ. Eur. = ναῦς;
2) пара, двое (о братьях Этеокле и Полинике) Eur.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: wagon with four wheels (Il.). Synonym of ἅμαξα, Delebecque Cheval 174f.
Other forms: πήνα· ἀπήνη H.
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Unknown. The first question is the relation with πήνα ἀπήνη H.; apocopated acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 45; thus Fur. 374: the analysis must be ἀπ-ηνη; but rejected by Winter Prothet. Vokal 13 (if the ἀ- is a proth. vowel, the word would be a substr. word). Then there is the synonym καπάνα (Xenarch. 11, Thess.), s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 152; the agreement is remarkable, the word is hardly IE. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares γάπος ὄχημα. Τυρρηνοί H. He also adduces (285) λαμπήνη id. (with λαπίνη, which shows prenasalization; on λ\/zero see Fur. 392). Further one has compared ἀμανάν ἅμαξαν H. There is also Myc. apenewo, which would be drawing animals; but ἀπήνη will have -ανα. Banat̨eanu REIE 3, 141 thought the word is Anatolian (which amounts to saying that it is a substr. word), which DELG considers possible (but not because ἄμαξα is IE, q.v.!); Szemerényi, JHS 94 (1974) 149f. thought it could be Semitic. - The comparison with καπάνα is the most convincing and shows foreign (substr.) origin (κ-\/zero Fur. 391f.).
Middle Liddell
[Deriv. unknown.]
1. a four-wheeled wagon, Hom.: any car or chariot, Aesch., Soph.:—metaph., ναΐα ἀπ. a ship, Eur.; τετραβάμων ἀπήνη, of the Trojan horse, Eur.
2. metaph. also, like ζεῦγος, a pair, e. g. of brothers, Eur.