vis: Difference between revisions
κρατίστην εἶναι δημοκρατίαν τὴν μήτε πλουσίους ἄγαν μήτε πένητας ἔχουσαν πολίτας → the best democracy is that in which the citizens are neither very rich nor very poor (Thales/Plutarch)
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|lshtext=<b>vīs</b>: vis, f., | |lshtext=<b>vīs</b>: vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum ([[class]]. [[only]] in nom., acc. and<br /><b>I</b> abl. [[sing]]. and in plur.; gen. [[sing]]. [[very]] [[rare]]; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. [[sing]]. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; [[Messala]] ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. ἴς, ϝις, [[sinew]], [[force]]; ἶφι, [[with]] [[might]], [[strength]], [[physical]] or [[mental]]; [[force]], [[vigor]], [[power]], [[energy]], [[virtue]] (cf. [[robur]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.<br /> <b>(a)</b> Sing.: [[celeritas]] et vis equorum, Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144: magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna [[velocitas]], Caes. B. G. 6, 28: [[contra]] vim [[atque]] impetum fluminis, id. ib. 4, 17: tempestatis, id. B. C. 2, 14: venti, Lucr. 1, 271: solis, id. 4, 326 (301): horrida teli, id. 3, 170: acris vini, id. 3, 476: ferri aerisque, id. 5, 1286: veneni, Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Plur. ([[most]] freq. of [[physical]] [[strength]]): non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur, Cic. Sen. 6, 17: nec [[nunc]] [[vires]] [[desidero]] adulescentis, non [[plus]] [[quam]] [[adulescens]] tauri aut elephanti desiderabam, id. ib. 9, 27: hoc ali [[vires]] nervosque confirmari putant, Caes. B. G. 6, 21: me jam [[sanguis]] viresque deficiunt, id. ib. 7, 50 fin.: perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt, id. ib. 1, 53: nostri integris viribus [[fortiter]] repugnare, id. ib. 3, 4: lacertis et viribus pugnare, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2: omnibus viribus [[atque]] opibus repugnare, id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25: non animi [[solum]] vigore sed [[etiam]] corporis viribus [[excellens]], Liv. 9, 16, 12: validis viribus hastam contorquere, Verg. A. 2, 50: [[quicquid]] agas, [[decet]] agere pro viribus, [[with]] all [[your]] [[might]], Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so, [[supra]] [[vires]], Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22: et neglecta solent incendia sumere [[vires]], id. ib. 1, 18, 85: seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus, Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.: in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad [[vires]] vimque pugnantium, Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. [[vires]] usumque).—Poet., [[with]] inf.: nec mihi sunt [[vires]] inimicos pellere tectis, Ov. H. 1, 109.—<br /> <b>2</b> In partic.<br /> <b>a</b> Energy, [[virtue]], [[potency]] (of herbs, drugs, etc.): in radices [[vires]] oleae abibunt, [[Cato]], R. R. 61, 1: [[vires]] habet [[herba]]? Ov. M. 13, 942: [[egregius]] [[fons]] Viribus occultis adjuvat, Juv. 12, 42. —<br /> <b>b</b> Vis, personified, the [[same]] as [[Juno]], Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —<br /> <b>c</b> Hostile [[strength]], [[force]], [[violence]], = βία: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5: cum vi vis illata defenditur, Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.: celeri rumore [[dilato]] Dioni vim allatam, Nep. [[Dion]], 10, 1: ne vim facias ullam in illam, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37: [[sine]] vi facere, id. ib. 4, 7, 20: vim afferre alicui, Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148: adhibere, id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19: praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre, Liv. 9, 16, 4: [[iter]] per vim tentare, by [[force]], [[forcibly]], Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so, per vim, id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4: ne id [[quidem]] [[satis]] est, [[nisi]] docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec [[clam]] nec [[precario]] possederit, id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. [[formula]] in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28: vis haec [[quidem]] [[hercle]] est, et trahi et trudi [[simul]], Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20: naves totae factae ex robore ad [[quamvis]] vim et contumeliam perferendam ([[shortly]] [[afterwards]]: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque [[impetus]] ventorum sustineri), [[violence]], [[shock]], Caes. B. G. 3, 13: caeli, a [[storm]], [[tempest]], Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To [[avoid]] the gen. form (v. [[supra]]): de vi condemnati sunt, Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi [[reus]]; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41: ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis [[damnatus]] [[sit]], id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—<br /> <b>d</b> In mal. [[part]]., [[force]], [[violence]]: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi [[tribunus]] [[militaris]] ... [[interfectus]] ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9: matribus familias vim attulisse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62: vis allata sorori, Ov. A. A. 1, 679: victa nitore dei vim passa est, id. M. 4, 233: vim passa est [[Phoebe]], id. A. A. 1, 679.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., concr.<br /> <b>1</b> Quantity, [[number]], [[abundance]] (cf.: [[copia]], [[multitudo]]); [[with]] gen.: [[quasi]] retruderet hominum me vis invitum, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66: [[innumerabilis]] servorum, Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: vis magna pulveris, Caes. B. C. 2, 26: vis maxima ranunculorum, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3: argenti, id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4: vim lacrimarum profudi, id. Rep. 6, 14, 14: odora canum vis, Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.: et [[nescio]] [[quomodo]] is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, [[populus]] cum illis facit, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—<br /> <b>2</b> Vires, [[military]] forces, [[troops]]: praeesse exercitui, ut [[praeter]] auctoritatem [[vires]] [[quoque]] ad coërcendum haberet, Caes. B. C. 3, 57: [[satis]] virium ad [[certamen]], Liv. 3, 60, 4: [[undique]] contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre, id. 9, 13, 12: [[robur]] omne virium ejus regni, the [[flower]], id. 33, 4, 4: concitet et [[vires]] [[Graecia]] magna suas, Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—<br /> <b>3</b> Vires, the [[virile]] forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332: veluti castratis viribus, Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.: vis (= [[vires]]) multas possidere in se, Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely <[[number]] opt="n">[[sing]].</[[number]]>: vis [[genitalis]], Tac. A. 6, 18.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> Mental [[strength]], [[power]], [[force]], [[vigor]]: vis [[illa]] divina et [[virtus]] oratoris, Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120: vis ac [[facultas]] oratoris, id. ib. 1, 31, 142: suavitatem [[Isocrates]] ... sonitum [[Aeschines]], vim [[Demosthenes]] habuit, id. ib. 3, 7, 28: [[summa]] ingenii, id. Phil. 5, 18, 49: magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem, id. Mil. 23, 61: magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem, id. Off. 2, 6, 19: patriae, id. de Or. 1, 44, 196: [[quod]] [[ostentum]] habuit hanc vim, ut, etc., [[power]], [[effect]], id. Div. 1, 33, 73: qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset, Liv. 26, 12, 8: hujus conventionis, Dig. 43, 25, 12.—Plur. ([[post]]-Aug.): eloquentiae, Quint. 5, 1, 2: facilitatis, id. 12, 9, 20: ingenii, id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32: orationis, id. 8, 3, 87.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., of abstr. things, [[force]], [[notion]], [[meaning]], [[sense]], [[import]], [[nature]], [[essence]] (cf. [[significatio]]): id, in quo est [[omnis]] vis amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 4, 15: eloquentiae vis et [[natura]], id. Or. 31, 112: vis honesti ([[with]] [[natura]]), id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50: virtutis, id. Fam. 9, 16, 5: quae est [[alia]] vis legis? id. Dom. 20, 53: vis, [[natura]], genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum, i.e. the [[sense]], [[signification]], id. Or. 32, 115: vis verbi, id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21: quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges, id. Fam. 6, 2, 3: quae vis subjecta [[sit]] vocibus, id. Fin. 2, 2, 6: nominis, id. Top. 8, 35: [[μετωνυμία]]>, cujus vis est, pro eo, [[quod]] dicitur, causam, [[propter]] [[quam]] dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23. | ||
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Revision as of 09:25, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
vīs: vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum (class. only in nom., acc. and
I abl. sing. and in plur.; gen. sing. very rare; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. sing. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; Messala ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. ἴς, ϝις, sinew, force; ἶφι, with might, strength, physical or mental; force, vigor, power, energy, virtue (cf. robur).
I Lit.
1 In gen.
(a) Sing.: celeritas et vis equorum, Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144: magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna velocitas, Caes. B. G. 6, 28: contra vim atque impetum fluminis, id. ib. 4, 17: tempestatis, id. B. C. 2, 14: venti, Lucr. 1, 271: solis, id. 4, 326 (301): horrida teli, id. 3, 170: acris vini, id. 3, 476: ferri aerisque, id. 5, 1286: veneni, Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—
(b) Plur. (most freq. of physical strength): non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur, Cic. Sen. 6, 17: nec nunc vires desidero adulescentis, non plus quam adulescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam, id. ib. 9, 27: hoc ali vires nervosque confirmari putant, Caes. B. G. 6, 21: me jam sanguis viresque deficiunt, id. ib. 7, 50 fin.: perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt, id. ib. 1, 53: nostri integris viribus fortiter repugnare, id. ib. 3, 4: lacertis et viribus pugnare, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2: omnibus viribus atque opibus repugnare, id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25: non animi solum vigore sed etiam corporis viribus excellens, Liv. 9, 16, 12: validis viribus hastam contorquere, Verg. A. 2, 50: quicquid agas, decet agere pro viribus, with all your might, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so, supra vires, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22: et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires, id. ib. 1, 18, 85: seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus, Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.: in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad vires vimque pugnantium, Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. vires usumque).—Poet., with inf.: nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis, Ov. H. 1, 109.—
2 In partic.
a Energy, virtue, potency (of herbs, drugs, etc.): in radices vires oleae abibunt, Cato, R. R. 61, 1: vires habet herba? Ov. M. 13, 942: egregius fons Viribus occultis adjuvat, Juv. 12, 42. —
b Vis, personified, the same as Juno, Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —
c Hostile strength, force, violence, = βία: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5: cum vi vis illata defenditur, Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.: celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim allatam, Nep. Dion, 10, 1: ne vim facias ullam in illam, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37: sine vi facere, id. ib. 4, 7, 20: vim afferre alicui, Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148: adhibere, id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19: praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre, Liv. 9, 16, 4: iter per vim tentare, by force, forcibly, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so, per vim, id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4: ne id quidem satis est, nisi docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec clam nec precario possederit, id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. formula in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28: vis haec quidem hercle est, et trahi et trudi simul, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20: naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam (shortly afterwards: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque impetus ventorum sustineri), violence, shock, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: caeli, a storm, tempest, Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To avoid the gen. form (v. supra): de vi condemnati sunt, Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi reus; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41: ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis damnatus sit, id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—
d In mal. part., force, violence: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi tribunus militaris ... interfectus ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9: matribus familias vim attulisse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62: vis allata sorori, Ov. A. A. 1, 679: victa nitore dei vim passa est, id. M. 4, 233: vim passa est Phoebe, id. A. A. 1, 679.—
B Transf., concr.
1 Quantity, number, abundance (cf.: copia, multitudo); with gen.: quasi retruderet hominum me vis invitum, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66: innumerabilis servorum, Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: vis magna pulveris, Caes. B. C. 2, 26: vis maxima ranunculorum, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3: argenti, id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4: vim lacrimarum profudi, id. Rep. 6, 14, 14: odora canum vis, Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.: et nescio quomodo is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, populus cum illis facit, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—
2 Vires, military forces, troops: praeesse exercitui, ut praeter auctoritatem vires quoque ad coërcendum haberet, Caes. B. C. 3, 57: satis virium ad certamen, Liv. 3, 60, 4: undique contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre, id. 9, 13, 12: robur omne virium ejus regni, the flower, id. 33, 4, 4: concitet et vires Graecia magna suas, Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—
3 Vires, the virile forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332: veluti castratis viribus, Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.: vis (= vires) multas possidere in se, Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely <number opt="n">sing.</number>: vis genitalis, Tac. A. 6, 18.—
II Trop.
A Mental strength, power, force, vigor: vis illa divina et virtus oratoris, Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120: vis ac facultas oratoris, id. ib. 1, 31, 142: suavitatem Isocrates ... sonitum Aeschines, vim Demosthenes habuit, id. ib. 3, 7, 28: summa ingenii, id. Phil. 5, 18, 49: magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem, id. Mil. 23, 61: magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem, id. Off. 2, 6, 19: patriae, id. de Or. 1, 44, 196: quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc., power, effect, id. Div. 1, 33, 73: qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset, Liv. 26, 12, 8: hujus conventionis, Dig. 43, 25, 12.—Plur. (post-Aug.): eloquentiae, Quint. 5, 1, 2: facilitatis, id. 12, 9, 20: ingenii, id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32: orationis, id. 8, 3, 87.—
B Transf., of abstr. things, force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence (cf. significatio): id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 4, 15: eloquentiae vis et natura, id. Or. 31, 112: vis honesti (with natura), id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50: virtutis, id. Fam. 9, 16, 5: quae est alia vis legis? id. Dom. 20, 53: vis, natura, genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum, i.e. the sense, signification, id. Or. 32, 115: vis verbi, id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21: quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges, id. Fam. 6, 2, 3: quae vis subjecta sit vocibus, id. Fin. 2, 2, 6: nominis, id. Top. 8, 35: μετωνυμία>, cujus vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23.
