tribunus: Difference between revisions
Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς Αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται ἀλλ᾽ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον → For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have everlasting life (John 3:16)
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==Wikipedia EN== | |||
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto unfavourable legislation. There were also military tribunes, who commanded portions of the Roman army, subordinate to higher magistrates, such as the consuls and praetors, promagistrates, and their legates. Various officers within the Roman army were also known as tribunes. The title was also used for several other positions and classes in the course of Roman history. |
Revision as of 11:58, 9 August 2022
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
trĭbūnus: i, m. tribus, prop. the chief of a tribe; hence, in gen.,
I a chieftain, commander, tribune.
I Tribuni aerarii, paymasters, who assisted the quaestors, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 10, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; Fest. p. 2 ib.; called also tribuni aeris, Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31. By the Lex Aurelia these tribuni aerarii were made judges on the part of the people: (Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15: a tribunis aerariis absolutus, id. ib. 2, 16, 3; cf. in a pun with aerati (rich), id. Att. 1, 16, 8. This judicial office was taken from them by Julius Cæsar, Suet. Caes. 41.—
II Tribuni Celerum, captains or commanders of the Celeres, Liv. 1, 59, 7; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 15; Weissenb. ad Liv. 1, 15, 8. —
III Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, military tribunes; these were officers of the army, six to each legion, who commanded in turn, each two months at a time: qui M. Aemilio legati et praefecti et tribuni militares fuerunt, Cic. Clu. 36, 99; so, militares, Plin. 34, 3, 6, § 11; cf. in sing.: cum tribunus militaris depugnavi apud Thermopylas, Cic. Sen. 10, 32: a tribunis militum, praefectis reliquisque, qui, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so, militum, id. ib. 3, 7; cf. in sing.: tribunus militum, id. ib. 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: tribuni cohortium, Caes. B. C. 2, 20.—Sing.: Stilonius Priscus qui tribunus cohortis, sub Classico fuerat, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 18; cf.: tribunus minor, Veg. Mil. 2, 7; and tribunus legionis, Val. Max. 3, 2, 20.—
Tribuni militum consulari potestate, military tribunes with consular power; these were the highest officers of the State from A.U.C. 310 to A.U.C. 388. They were chosen from the patrician and plebeian orders, and were at first three, then six, and, after the year 352, eight in number, Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 5, 1, 2; called tribuni consulares, id. 8, 33; Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 136 sq.—
Tribuni plebis, and more freq. simply tribuni, tribunes of the people, whose office it was to defend the rights and interests of the Roman plebeians against the encroachments of the patricians, Liv. 2, 33, 2; 2, 56, 3 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58 sq.; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 247 sq.; Lange, Antiq. 1, 1, p. 592 sq., and the authorities cited by both.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
trĭbūnus,⁶ ī, m. (tribus), primitivement chef d’une des trois tribus de Rome,
1 tribuni plebis ou tribuni seul, tribuns de la plèbe [magistrats chargés des intérêts de la plèbe] : Cic. Rep. 2, 58 ; Leg. 3, 16 ; Liv. 2, 33, 2 ; 2, 56, 3, etc.
2 tribuni militares ou militum, tribuns des soldats [officiers au nombre de 6 par légion, qui la commandaient alternativement pendant deux mois] || tribuni militum consulari potestate, tribuns militaires investis de la puissance consulaire : Liv. 4, 6, 8 ; 4, 7, 1 ; 5, 1, 2, etc.; ou encore tribuni consulares Liv. 8, 33, 16
3 tribuni ærarii, tribuns du trésor [adjoints aux questeurs] : Cat. d. Gell. 7, 10, 2 ; Varro L. 5, 181 || [depuis la loi Aurelia, faisant partie des jurys des quæstiones perpetuæ ] : Cic. Cat. 4, 15 ; Q. 2, 6, 6, etc.
4 tribunus Celerum Liv. 1, 59, 7, commandant des Célères.
Latin > German (Georges)
tribūnus, ī, m. (tribus), I) tribuni, die Vorsteher der drei Stammtribus, Vertreter der Tribules (s. 1. tribūlis) in politischer, religiöser und militärischer Hinsicht (s. tribusa.A.), Liv. 6, 20, 10, von denen einer unter dem Namen tribunus Celerum an der Spitze steht, weil er zugleich Führer der Celeres (s.d.) ist, Liv. 1, 59, 7. Pompon. dig. 1, 2, 2. § 15.
II) übtr.: A) tribuni aerarii, die dem Quästor beigesetzten Zahlmeister aus dem Plebejerstande, die das aus dem Ärarium erhobene Geld nach der vorgeschriebenen Bestimmung, namentlich beim Heere den Sold unter die Soldaten, austeilten, s. Cato b. Gell. 7, 10, 2 (wo Sing. tribunus aerarius). Ps. Ascon. ad Cic. II. Verr. 1, 34. p. 167 B.: dies. tribuni aeris, Plin. 33, 31. Als nach der lex Aurelia die Handhabung der Gerichte unter die drei Stände des Staates (Senatoren-, Ritter- u. Plebejerstand) verteilt wurde, wurden von seiten der Plebejer die tribuni aerarii Richter, s. Cic. Cat. 4, 15. – ähnlich zur spät. Kaiserzeit tribunus fisci, Ven. Fort. vit. s. Radeg. 38.
B) als milit. t.t.: a) tribuni militum od. militares, Kriegstribunen, Oberste, von denen bei jeder Legion sechs waren, die abwechselnd je zwei Monate die Legion befehligten, tribuni militum b. Caes. u.a.: Sing. tribunus militum, Cic. – tribuni militares b. Cic. u. Plin.: Sing. tribunus militaris, Cic. – tribuni cohortium, die bei den dortigen Kohorten anwesenden Kriegstribunen, Caes. b.c. 2, 20, 2 (vgl. no. b). – tribuni militum od. militares rufuli, die im Heere vom Feldherrn od. von den Soldaten gewählten, Ggstz. comitiati, die zu Rom in den Komitien gewählten (u. zwar die Kriegstribunen der legiones quattuor primae, die für den regelmäßigen aktiven Dienst bestimmt waren), Liv. 7, 5, 9. Ps. Ascon. ad Cic. I. Verr. 10, 30. p. 142, 7 B. – b) (nur nachweislich zur Kaiserzeit) tribunus cohortis, der Befehlshaber der ersten (und stärksten) Kohorte der Legion, Plin. ep. 3, 9, 18. Vulg. act. apost. 21, 31: viell. ders. tribunus minor, Veget. mil. 2, 7 in.
C) tribuni militum consulari potestate, die zwischen 444 und 366 v. Chr. sehr häufig anstatt der Konsuln aus Patriziern u. Plebejern gewählte, anfangs aus 3, später aus 6 Mitgliedern bestehende oberste Staatsbehörde der Römer, Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 8, 1, 2 u.a.: auch tribuni consulares gen., Liv. 8, 33, 16.
D) tribuni plebis od. plebei od. plebi u. häufiger bl. tribuni, die Volkstribunen, die bekannten Schutzbeamten des röm. Plebejerstandes, Liv. 2, 32 sq.; 2, 56, 1. Cic. de rep. 2, 58 sqq. u. de legg. 3, 16. Vgl. Mommsen Staatsrecht. Bd. 2. S. 272 ff; Bd. 3. S. 147 ff. S. 821 ff.
Latin > English
tribunus tribuni N M :: tribune; [t/plebis => t/of the people; t/mllitum, tribune of the soldiers]
Wikipedia EN
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto unfavourable legislation. There were also military tribunes, who commanded portions of the Roman army, subordinate to higher magistrates, such as the consuls and praetors, promagistrates, and their legates. Various officers within the Roman army were also known as tribunes. The title was also used for several other positions and classes in the course of Roman history.