ταξίαρχος

English (LSJ)

ὁ,
A taxiarch, commander of a corps or squadron, ταξίαρχοι ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν Hdt.8.67; ταξίαρχοι τῶν τελέων Id.9.42; ταξίαρχος καὶ πεζῶν καὶ ἱππέων X.Cyr.8.1.10; in the army of Alexander, Arr.An.3.9.6; in Ptolemaic Egypt, PMich.Zen.70.5 (iii B.C.); cf. ταξιάρχης.
2 commander of a τάξις (128 men), Ascl.Tact.2.8, Ael.Tact.9.3 (ταξιάρχης Arr.Tact.10.2).
3 = Lat. centurio, Plb.6.24.1, al., Zos.3.11.
b = tribunus militum, D.H.5.41, J.BJ3.5.2, Plu.Cam.37, App.BC5.61, Agath.2.20 (ταξιάρχης Plu.Pomp.32, App.BC3.39).
c = legatus legionis, anachronism in App.Sam.4.6 (ταξιάρχαι codd.).
d = ordinarius, Lyd.Mag.1.46, Glossaria; also glossed by manipularis and evocatus, ib.
II at Athens, commander of a τάξις, or quota of infantry furnished by a φυλή, Ar.Ach.569 (lyr.), Pax 1172 (troch.), Av.353 (troch.), Th.4.4, 7.60, Arist.Ath.30.2, D.4.26, 54.5, Aeschin.3.169, IG22.334.13; [ὁ ταξίαρχος] ἡγεῖται τῶν φυλετῶν καὶ λοχαγοὺς καθίστησιν Arist.Ath.61.3; applied to naval officers, X.HG1.6.29,35.

German (Pape)

[Seite 1068] ὁ, Anführer einer größern Heeresabtheilung, Oberster, Feldhauptmann; Her. 8, 67; τῶν τελέων, 9, 42. – Bes. in Athen der Anführer einer τάξις, die eine φυλή stellte, also einer kleinern Schaar, dasselbe, was bei der Reiterei φύλαρ χος, Dem. 54, 5; Ac. Ach. 543 Av. 353; Thuc. 7, 60; Plat., Xen. u. Folgde, öfter.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (ὁ) :
I. commandant d'un corps d'armée;
II. à Athènes :
1 commandant d'une division d'infanterie τάξις (correspondant au φύλαρχος pour la cavalerie);
2 commandant d'un corps de cavalerie.
Étymologie: τάξις, ἄρχω.

Wikipedia EN

Taxiarch, the anglicised form of taxiarchos or taxiarchēs (Greek: ταξίαρχος or ταξιάρχης) is used in the Greek language to mean "brigadier". The term derives from táxis, "order", in military context "an ordered formation". In turn, the rank has given rise to the Greek term for brigade, taxiarchia. In Greek Orthodox Church usage, the term is also applied to the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, as leaders of the heavenly host, and several locations in Greece are named after them.

In Ancient Greece, the title/rank was held by a number of officers in the armies of several but not all city-states, with Sparta being a notable exception. In Classical Athens, there were ten taxiarchs, one for each of the city's tribes (phylai), a subordinate to the respective strategos. The perhaps most famous taxiarchs however were those of the ancient Macedonian Pezhetairoi infantry.

The term first appears in use in the Byzantine army in the late 6th-century Strategikon of emperor Maurice, where it is reserved for the commander of the elite Optimatoi mercenary corps. In the 10th-century, the term was revived and refers to the commander of one of the new type of infantry brigade (taxiarchia), composed of 500 heavy infantry, 300 archers and 200 light infantry. On account of their numerical size, these units were also known as chiliarchia, and their commander correspondingly as chiliarchos, and are also equated to the thematic droungos under a droungarios. During the 11th century, with the demise of the thematic armies, the rank rose in importance, and eventually surpassed and replaced that of tourmarches, so that in the Komnenian-era army, the taxiarchia was the largest-scale permanent infantry formation.

Wikipedia IT

Il tassiarco o tassiarca (anche taxiarchos o taxiarchēs; in greco: ταξίαρχος o ταξιάρχης) è un grado militare in uso nell'esercito greco, corrispondente all'attuale grado di Brigadiere del British Army e dei paesi aderenti al Commonwealth. Il grado è stato a lungo utilizzato negli eserciti della Grecia antica e dell'Impero bizantino.

Il termine deriva dal greco ταξίς ("ordine"), che in ambito militare significava "in formazione ordinata".

La Chiesa greco-ortodossa utilizza il termine per riferirsi agli arcangeli Michele e Gabriele, in qualità di capi della Milizia celeste.

Wikipedia RU

Таксиа́рх (др.-греч. Ταξίαρχος) — в Древних Афинах второй после стратегов военный чин. Таксиархи командовали отдельными полками (τάξεις) тяжёлой пехоты и были подчинены стратегам. Их было 10, по числу фил. Подобно стратегам и гиппархам, таксиархи избирались на должность в народном собрании посредством хиротонии. Помимо командования, они заведовали экономической частью в войсках, составляли вместе со стратегами военный совет и были вообще ближайшими помощниками последних при исполнении военных, административных и судебных функций. В мирное время они помогали стратегам вербовать войско и составляли вместе с демархами призывные списки (κατάλογοι).

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ταξίαρχος: ὁ таксиарх, командир Her., Thuc., Arph. etc.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ταξίαρχος: ὁ, ὁ διοικητὴς σώματος στρατιωτικοῦ, ταξίαρχοι ἀπὸ τῶν νηῶν Ἡρόδ. 8. 67· ταξίαρχοι τῶν πολίων ὁ αὐτ. 9. 42, πρβλ. ταξιάρχης. 2) ἐν Ἀθήναις, ὁ διοικητὴς τάξεως, ἤτοι στρατιωτικῆς φάλαγγος πεζικοῦ οἵαν παρεῖχεν ἑκάστη φυλή, ὅθεν καὶ ἦσαν οὗτοι δέκα τὸν ἀριθμόν. Οἱ ἀντιστοιχοῦντες διοικηταὶ ἱππικοῦ ἐκαλοῦντο φύλαρχοι, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 569, Εἰρ. 1172, Ὄρν. 353. Ἀριστ. Ἀποσπ. 374, 391, 392· - ἀλλὰ παρὰ Θουκ. 4. 4., 7. 60, φαίνεται ὅτι λέγεται ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ἀξιωματικῶν τῶν ὑπὸ τοὺς στρατηγούς, ἴδε Arnold ἐν τόπῳ· ὁ δὲ Ξεν. ποιεῖται λόγον καὶ περὶ ταξιάρχων τοῦ ἱππικοῦ, Κύρ. 8. 1, 10· καὶ πλοίων, Ἡρόδ. 1. 6, 29 καὶ 35, ἴδε ἀνωτ. Ι - οἱ ταξίαρχοι ἐν Ἀθήναις ἦσαν πιθανῶς ἀξιωματικοὶ ἀνώτεροι τῶν λοχαγῶν, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 3. 1, 5, Ἀριστ. Πολιτ. 3. 4, 14.

Greek Monolingual

ο, ΝΜΑ
(στην αρχ. Ελλ.) διοικητής στρατιωτικού τάγματος ή μοίρας πλοίων
νεοελλ.
1. (κατά την επανάσταση του 1821) βαθμός αρχηγού άτακτου σώματος προσαρτημένου σε διοικητικές υπηρεσίες
2. στρ. βαθμός ανώτατου στρατιωτικού, ανώτερος του συνταγματάρχη και κατώτερος του υποστρατήγου
μσν.
εκκλ. (ως μοναστικό αξίωμα) μοναχός αρμόδιος για τον χορό τών ψαλτών, την ευταξία της τραπεζαρίας του μοναστηριού, τη διατήρηση αρχείων και τη συντήρηση τών ιερών σκευών.

Greek Monotonic

ταξίαρχος: ὁ,
I. διοικητής στρατιωτικού σώματος, σε Ηρόδ.
II. στην Αθήνα, διοικητής μιας τάξεως (I. 4)· οι αντίστοιχοι διοικητές του ιππικού καλούνταν φύλαρχοι, σε Αριστοφ.· γενικά, διοικητής, σε Ξεν.

Middle Liddell

ταξί-αρχος, ὁ,
I. the commander of a squadron, Hdt.
II. at Athens, the commander of a τάξις ( I. 4), the corresponding cavalry- officers being φύλαρχοι, Ar.: generally an officer, Xen.

English (Woodhouse)

military, non-commissioned officer, officer in an army

Mantoulidis Etymological

ἤ ταξιάρχης. Ἀπό τό τάξις τοῦ τάσσω + ἄρχω, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα, καθώς καί στό ρῆμα τάσσω.

Lexicon Thucydideum

taxiarchus, centuriae praefectus, taxiarch, captain of a hundred, 4.4.1, 7.60.2.