πενθερός: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=pentheros
|Transliteration C=pentheros
|Beta Code=penqero/s
|Beta Code=penqero/s
|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">father-in-law</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.170</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.582</span>, Lex Draconisap.<span class="bibl">D. 43.57</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.52</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>369.2</span> (iii B. C.) ; <b class="b3">λαβὼν Ἄδραστον π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1302</span> : in pl., <b class="b2">parents-in-law</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>636</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">connexion by marriage</b>, e.g. <b class="b2">brother-in-law</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1286</span> ; also, = [[γαμβρός]], <b class="b2">son-in-law</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>305</span> (pl.). (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">bándhus</b> 'kinsman', Lith. <b class="b2">beñdras</b> 'comrade', Goth. <b class="b2">bindan</b> 'bind'.)</span>
|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[father-in-law]], Il.6.170, Od.8.582, Lex Draconisap.D. 43.57 (pl.), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.52, PCair.Zen.369.2 (iii B. C.); λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερόν S.OC1302: in plural, [[parents-in-law]], E.Hipp.636.<br><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[connection by marriage]], e.g. [[brother-in-law]], Id.El.1286; also, = [[γαμβρός]], [[son-in-law]], S.Fr.305 (pl.). (Cf. Skt. bándhus '[[kinsman]]', Lith. beñdras '[[comrade]]', Goth. bindan '[[bind]]'.)
}}
{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0554.png Seite 554]] ὁ, Vater der Frau, [[Schwiegervater]], [[socer]]; Il. 6, 140 Od. 8, 582; λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερόν, Soph. O. C. 1304, der nach B. A. 229 auch [[πενθερός]] für [[γαμβρός]], Schwiegersohn brauchte, wie Eur. El., vgl. Valck. zu Phoen. 431; folgde Dichter; in sp. Prosa nach Moeris hellenistisch für das attische [[κηδεστής]].
}}
{{bailly
|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br /><i>propr.</i> qui contracte un lien de famille par le mariage;<br /><b>1</b> [[beau-père]], [[père de la femme]] ; <i>plur.</i> [[οἱ πενθεροί]] EUR [[les beaux-parents]];<br /><b>2</b> [[beau-frère]], [[mari de la sœur]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Πενθ, <i>skr.</i> Bandh, lier.
}}
{{elnl
|elnltext=πενθερός -οῦ, ὁ [[schoonvader]]. voor aangetrouwde relatie zwager.
}}
{{elru
|elrutext='''πενθερός:''' ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[тесть]] Hom., Her.: οἱ πενθεροί Eur. тесть и теща;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[зять]] (муж сестры Eur. или дочери Soph.).
}}
{{Autenrieth
|auten=[[father-in-law]], Od. 8.582 and Il. 6.170.
}}
{{StrongGR
|strgr=of [[uncertain]] [[affinity]]; a [[wife]]'s [[father]]: [[father]] in [[law]].
}}
{{Thayer
|txtha=πενθεροῦ, ὁ, a [[father-in-law]], a [[wife]]'s [[father]]: [[Homer]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Plutarch]], others; the Sept. (for חָם, חֹתֵן.).)
}}
{{grml
|mltxt=ο, θηλ. [[πεθερά]] / [[πενθερός]], θηλ. [[πενθερά]] και ιων. τ. πενθερή, ΝΜΑ<br />ο [[πατέρας]] του συζύγου ή της συζύγου σε [[σχέση]] με τον γαμπρό ή τη [[νύφη]] και η [[μητέρα]] του συζύγου ή της συζύγου σε [[σχέση]] με τον γαμπρό ή τη [[νύφη]] (α. «ο [[πεθερός]] και η [[πεθερά]] μου μέ αγαπούν όσο και οι γονείς μου» β. «[[μάλιστα]] δὲ πενθερὴ αὐτή», <b>Καλλ.</b><br />γ. «Περίανδρος ἐστρατεύετο ἐπὶ τὸν πενθερὸν Προκλέα», <b>Ηρόδ.</b>)<br /><b>νεοελλ.</b><br /><b>φρ.</b> «[[κακιά]] [[πεθερά]]» — λέγεται για [[γυναίκα]] φιλόνικη, καβγατζού<br /><b>αρχ.</b><br /><b>1.</b> [[συγγενής]] από [[αγχιστεία]], π.χ. [[ανδράδελφος]] ή [[γυναικάδελφος]], [[κουνιάδος]], [[ανδραδέλφη]] ή [[γυναικαδέλφη]], [[κουνιάδα]] («καὶ τὸν λόγῳ σὸν πενθερὸν κομιζέτω», <b>Ευρ.</b>)<br /><b>2.</b> ο [[άνδρας]] της θυγατέρας σε [[σχέση]] με τους γονείς της.<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> Ο αρχ. τ. <i>πενθ</i>-<i>ερός</i> ([[πρβλ]]. [[τυχερός]]) ανάγεται σε ΙΕ [[ρίζα]] <i>bhend</i><sup>h</sup>- «[[δένω]], [[συνδέω]], [[συνάπτω]]» (<b>πρβλ.</b> [[πείσμα]] [II], [[φάτνη]]) και συνδέεται με: λιθουαν. <i>be</i><i>ň</i><i>dras</i> «[[συντροφιά]]», αρχ. ινδ. <i>band</i><sup>h</sup><i>u</i>- «[[γονιός]], [[συγγενής]]» (με [[επίθημα]] -<i>u</i>- [[αντί]] του ελλ. -<i>ęro</i>, <b>πρβλ.</b> <i>κρατ</i>-<i>ύς</i> / <i>κρατ</i>-<i>ερός</i>) και <i>bad</i><sup>h</sup><i>n</i><i>ā</i><i>ti</i> «[[δένω]]», γοτθ. <i>bindan</i> «[[δένω]]» (<b>πρβλ.</b> γερμ. <i>binden</i>). Η λ. [[πενθερός]], που ουσιαστικά σήμαινε τον συνδεόμενο, αυτόν που δένεται με μια [[οικογένεια]] μέσω μιας γυναίκας, τον συγγενή εξ αγχιστείας, στον Όμηρο δήλωνε μόνο τον [[πατέρα]] της συζύγου και αργότερα χρησιμοποιήθηκε με τη σημ. της λ. [[ἑκυρός]] «ο [[πατέρας]] του (ή της) συζύγου» όπως και για να δηλώσει τον γαμπρό «ἐπ' ἀδελφῇ» ή «ἐπί θυγατρί». Ο νεοελλ. τ., [[τέλος]], [[πεθερός]] (<span style="color: red;"><</span> αρχ. [[πενθερός]] με σίγηση του -<i>ν</i>-) δηλώνει αποκλειστικά τον [[πατέρα]] του (ή της) συζύγου].
}}
{{lsm
|lsmtext='''πενθερός:''' ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[πεθερός]], Λατ. [[socer]], σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· στον πληθ., τα πεθερικά, σε Ευρ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> γενικά, [[συγγένεια]] [[κατόπιν]] γάμου, π.χ. [[γαμπρός]], [[κουνιάδος]], στον ίδ.
}}
{{ls
|lstext='''πενθερός''': ὁ, ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ συζύγου ἢ τῆς συζύγου, Λατ. socer ὡς τὸ [[ἑκυρός]], Ἰλ. Ζ. 170, Ὀδ. Θ. 582, Ἡρόδ. 3. 52, καὶ Ἀττ.· λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερὸν Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 1302· - ἐν τῷ πληθ. οἱ «συμπέθεροι» ἢ τὰ «πεθερικά», πενθεροὺς δ’ ἀνωφελεῖς Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 636· οὕτω soceri παρὰ Οὐεργιλ. ἐν Αἰν. 5. 457, Tac. Αn. 1. 55. II. [[καθόλου]], συγγενὴς ἐξ ἀγχιστείας, π.χ. [[ἀνδράδελφος]] ἢ [[γυναικάδελφος]], Εὐρ. Ἠλ. 1286, Valck. εἰς Εὐρ. Φοιν. 431· [[ὡσαύτως]] = [[γαμβρός]], ὁ ἀνὴρ θυγατρός, Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 293. ([[πενθερός]], -ρά, παραβάλλονται ὑπὸ τοῦ Pott καὶ Curt. πρὸς τὸ Σανσκρ. bandh-u (connexio, cognatio, cognatus), ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης bandh, handh-âmi (δένω, πρβλ. Γοτθ. bind-a, κτλ.).
}}
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">father-in-law = father of the wife</b> (cf. [[ἑκυρός]]), also [[brother-in-law]], [[son-in-law]] (Il.; cf. Chantraine Études 15).<br />Derivatives: From it <b class="b3">πενθερ-ά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ή</b> f. [[mother-in-law]] (D., Call.), <b class="b3">-ιδεύς</b> m. [[son-in-law]] (inscr. As. Minor, imper. time.), <b class="b3">-ίδης</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. VIp; Schwyzer 510); <b class="b3">-ιος</b> (Arat.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Man.) <b class="b2">belonging to the π.</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [127] <b class="b2">*bʰendʰ-</b> [[bind]]<br />Etymology: Old name of relatives, formally almost completely agreeing with Lith. [[beñdras]] [[participant]], [[sharer]]; beside it with [[u-]]suffix Skt. [[bándhu-]] m. [[relative]]; on the variation [[ero]]: [[u]] s. Schwyzer 482 n. 3 w. lit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 115. Derivations of the verb for [[bind]] in Skt. <b class="b2">badhnā́ti</b>, perf. [[ba-bándh-a]], Av. [[bandayeiti]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[bindan]]; so prop. "the allied". The verb was lost in Greek as in most IE languages, but left several nouns, s. [[πεῖσμα]], [not [[φάτνη]]] and W.-Hofmann s. [[offendix]]. -- The oxytonation of [[πενθερός]] after [[ἑκυρός]]; s. v. and Schwyzer 381.
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=πενφερός, οῦ, ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[father]]-in-law, Lat. [[socer]], Hom., etc.:—in pl. parents-in-law, Eur.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]], a [[connection]] by [[marriage]], e. g. [[brother]]-in-law, Eur.
}}
{{FriskDe
|ftr='''πενθερός''': {pentherós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Schwiegervater = Vater der Frau’ (vgl. [[ἑκυρός]]), auch [[Schwager]], [[Schwiegersohn]] (seit Il.; vgl. Chantraine Études 15).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[πενθερά]], ion. -ή f. [[Schwiegermutter]] (D., Kall. u.a.), -ιδεύς m. [[Schwager]] (Inschr. Kleinas., Kaiserz.), -ίδης m. ib. (Pap. VI<sup>p</sup>; Schwyzer 510); -ιος (Arat.), -ικός (Man. u.a.) ‘zum π. gehörig’.<br />'''Etymology''': Alte Verwandtschaftsbez., die formal fast ganz zu lit. ''beñdras'' [[Teilhaber]], [[Genosse]] stimmt; daneben mit ''u''-Suffix aind. ''bándhu''- m. [[Verwandter]]; zum Wechsel ''ero'': ''u'' s. Schwyzer 482 A. 3 m. Lit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 115. Ableitungen vom Verb für [[binden]] in aind. ''badhnā́ti'', Perf. ''ba''-''bándh''-''a'', aw. ''bandayeiti'', germ., z.B. got. ''bindan''; somit eig. "der Verbundene". Das Verb ist im Griechischen wie in den meisten idg. Sprachen verlorengegangen, hat aber mehrere Nomina hinterlassen, s. [[πεῖσμα]], [[φάτνη]] und W.-Hofmann s. ''offendix''. — Die Oxytonierung in [[πενθερός]] nach [[ἑκυρός]]; s. d. und Schwyzer 381.<br />'''Page''' 2,504
}}
{{Chinese
|sngr='''原文音譯''':penqerÒj 偏帖羅士<br />'''詞類次數''':名詞(1)<br />'''原文字根''':岳(父)<br />'''字義溯源''':妻子的父親*,岳父<br />'''同源字''':1) ([[πενθερά]])妻子的母親,岳母 2) ([[πενθερός]])妻子的父親,岳父<br />'''出現次數''':總共(1);約(1)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 岳父(1) 約18:13
}}
{{mantoulidis
|mantxt=(=ὁ πατέρας τοῦ συζύγου ἤ τῆς συζύγου). Ἔχει σχέση μέ [[ξένη]] ρίζα πού σημαίνει δένω. Ἔχει ἐπίδραση ἀπό τό [[ἑκυρός]] (=[[πεθερός]]).
}}
{{trml
|trtx====[[brother-in-law]]===
Afrikaans: swaer; Albanian: kunat; Arabic: شَقِيق زَوْج‎, شَقِيق زَوْجَة‎, سِلْف‎; Armenian: տագր; Aromanian: cumnat; Asturian: cuñáu; Azerbaijani: qayın; Bengali: দেবর; Bikol Central: bayaw; Bulgarian: девер; Burmese: ခဲအို, မတ်; Catalan: cunyat; Cebuano: bayaw, bayaw nga lalaki; Chinese Cantonese: 大伯, 叔仔; Mandarin: 大伯子, 小叔子; Min Nan: 大伯, 阿叔仔, 小叔, 細叔/细叔, 細叔仔/细叔仔, 細漢叔仔/细汉叔仔; Czech: švagr; Dalmatian: comnut; Danish: svoger; Dutch: [[zwager]], [[schoonbroer]]; Erzya: парайде, альне, какжаля; Esperanto: bofrato; Estonian: küdi; Ewe: nyo; Finnish: lanko, kyty; French: [[beau-frère]]; Friulian: cugnât; Galician: cuñado; Georgian: მაზლი; German: [[Schwager]], [[Schwäher]]; Greek: [[κουνιάδος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀνδράδελφος]], [[γαμβρός]], [[γάμβρος]], [[δαήρ]], [[καδεστής]], [[κηδεστής]], [[πενθερίδης]], [[πενθεριδεύς]], [[πενθερός]], [[σύγγαμβρος]], [[συγκηδεστής]]; Greenlandic: ningaaq; Hebrew: גִּיס‎, יָבָם‎; Hindi: देवर, जेठ; Hungarian: sógor; Icelandic: mágur; Ido: bofratulo; Ilocano: bayaw, kayong; Ingrian: kyty; Irish: deartháir céile; Italian: [[cognato]]; Japanese: 義理の兄, 義兄, 義理の弟, 義弟, 義兄弟,義兄さんにいさん,niisan), 小舅; Kashmiri: درُٛے‎; Korean: 시숙(媤叔), 시(媤)아주버니, 시동생(媤同生); Kurdish Central Kurdish: ھێوەر‎; Northern Kurdish: tî; Latgalian: dīvers; Latin: [[levir]]; Latvian: dieveris; Lithuanian: dieveris; Macedonian: девер; Malay: abang ipar, adik ipar lelaki, ipar lelaki, adik ipar, ipar; Maltese: silf; Maori: taokete, autāne; Maranao: ipag; Middle English: brother-in-lawe; Mwani: nlamu; Nanai: кэли; Norman: bieau-fréthe; Northern Sami: máhka; Norwegian Bokmål: svoger; Nynorsk: svoger, verbror; Occitan: conhat, cunhat; Old English: tācor; Pashto: لېور‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwoger; Persian: هیور‎; Polish: szwagier pers, dziewierz pers; Portuguese: [[cunhado]]; Romani: salo; Romanian: cumnat; Russian: [[деверь]]; Sanskrit: देवृ, देवर; Sardinian: connadu, connatu, connau; Scots: guid-brither; Scottish Gaelic: bràthair-cèile; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: де̏вер; Roman: dȅver; Sicilian: cugnatu; Slovene: svák; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: bratš cłowjeka, swak, šwogor; Spanish: [[cuñado]]; Swedish: svåger, svärbror; Tagalog: bayaw; Taos: pʼǫ́yna, pòpóna; Tarifit: arwes; Turkish: kayın; Ukrainian: ді́вер; Urdu: دیور‎, جیٹھ‎; Venetian: cugnà, cugnado, cognà, cognado; Vietnamese: anh chồng, em chồng; Vilamovian: śwöger; Welsh: brawd yng nghyfraith; Zazaki: vıstewre
===[[son-in-law]]===
Albanian: dhëndër; Andi: нусо; Arabic: زَوْج اَلاِبْنَة‎, صِهْر‎; Archi: нусду; Armenian: փեսա; Aromanian: dziniri, dzinire; Asturian: xenru, xenral; Azerbaijani: yeznə, kürəkən, giyəv, dadı; Bats: სიძე̂; Belarusian: зяць; Bengali: জামাই, দামাদ; Breton: mab-kaer, deuñv; Bulgarian: зет; Burmese: သမက်; Catalan: gendre; Chechen: нуц; Chinese Cantonese: 女婿; Hakka: 婿郎; Mandarin: 女婿, 婿; Min Nan: 囝婿, 半子, 女婿; Cornish: deuv; Czech: zeť; Danish: svigersøn; Dutch: [[schoonzoon]]; Estonian: väimees; Faroese: versonur, dóttursonur; Finnish: vävy; French: [[beau-fils]], [[gendre]]; Friulian: zinar, ginar; Galician: xenro; Georgian: სიძე; German: [[Schwiegersohn]], [[Tochtermann]], [[Eidam]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌴𐌲𐍃; Greek: [[γαμπρός]]; Ancient Greek: [[γαμβρός]], [[γάμβρος]], [[καδεστής]], [[κηδεστής]], [[νυμφίος]], [[πενθερός]]; Guugu Yimidhirr: biidyirr, ngalaadhin; Hebrew: חָתָן‎; Hindi: दामाद, जमाई; Hungarian: vő, vej; Hunsrik: Schwieghersohn; Ido: bofiliulo; Indonesian: menantu laki-laki, menantu; Ingrian: vävy; Ingush: найц; Irish: cliamhain; Italian: [[genero]]; Japanese: 婿; Kabuverdianu: jénru; Kannada: ಅಳಿಯ; Kashmiri: زامتُر‎; Korean: 사위; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: zava; Ladino: yerno; Latin: [[gener]]; Latvian: znots; Laz: სიჯა; Lithuanian: žentas; Luxembourgish: Eedem; Macedonian: зет; Manx: cleuin; Maori: hunaonga, hunōnga; Mari Eastern Mari: веҥе; Mazanderani: زاما‎; Middle English: sone in lawe; Mingrelian: სინჯა; Nanai: аоси; Navajo: aadaaní, doishʼíinii, doo yooʼíinii; Norman: bieau-fis; Norwegian: måg; Bokmål: svigersønn; Nynorsk: svigerson; Occitan: gendre; Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ; Old English: āþum; Ossetian: сиахс; Pashto: زوم‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwiegersoh; Persian: داماد‎; Plautdietsch: Schwiasän; Polabian: ząt; Polish: zięć pers; Portuguese: [[genro]]; Punjabi: ਜਵਾਈ, ਦਾਮਾਦ; Romani: ʒamutro; Romanian: ginere; Russian: [[зять]]; Sanskrit: जामातृ; Sardinian: géneru, génniru; Scots: guid-son; Scottish Gaelic: mac-cèile, ban-sgoth, cliamhainn; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: зет; Roman: zet; Seychellois Creole: zann; Sicilian: ienniru, jenniru; Slovak: zať; Slovene: zet; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: pśichodny syn, źowki cłowjek, šwigersyn; Southern Altai: кӱйӱ; Spanish: [[yerno]]; Old Spanish: yerno; Svan: ჩი̄ჟე; Swedish: svärson, måg; Tagalog: lalaking manugang; Taos: tàʼána, ȕʼúna; Telugu: అల్లుడు; Thai: ลูกเขย; Turkish: güvey, damat; Ukrainian: зять; Venetian: zendro, zènero, xènero, xènaro, dhènero; Vietnamese: rể, con rể; Vilamovian: adum; Volapük: lüson; Welsh: mab-yng-nghyfraith, daw; Zazaki: zama
===[[father-in-law]]===
Afrikaans: skoonpa; Albanian: vjehërr; Arabic: حَم‎; Aramaic: חמא‎; Armenian: սկեսրայր, աներ; Aromanian: socru; Asturian: suegru; Avar: вакьад; Azerbaijani: qayınata; Basque: aitaginarreba; Belarusian: свёкар, цесць; Bulgarian: свекър, тъст; Burmese: ယောက္ခထီး; Catalan: sogre; Chinese Mandarin: 公公, 岳父, 嫜; Min Nan: 大官, 丈人, 丈人公; Cornish: hwegron; Crimean Tatar: qaynata; Czech: tchán, svekr; Danish: svigerfar; Dutch: [[schoonvader]]; Erzya: атявт, вата; Esperanto: bopatro; Estonian: äi; Ewe: to; Faroese: verfaðir; Fataluku: painu; Finnish: appi; French: [[beau-père]]; Friulian: missêr, suesar; Galician: sogro; Georgian: სიმამრი, მამამთილი; German: [[Schwiegervater]], [[Schwäher]]; Gooniyandi: lambadi; Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐌰; Greek: [[πεθερός]]; Ancient Greek: [[γαμβρός]], [[γάμβρος]], [[ἑκυρός]], [[καδεστής]], [[κηδεστής]], [[πενθερός]], [[συγκηδεστής]]; Greenlandic: sakeq; Hebrew: חָם‎, חוֹתֵן‎; Hindi: ससुर, समधी; Hungarian: após; Hunsrik: Schwiegherfatter; Icelandic: tengdapabbi; Ido: bopatro; Ilocano: katugangan a lalaki; Indonesian: ayah mertua, bapak mertua; Ingrian: äijä; Interlingua: patre affin; Irish: athair céile; Italian: [[suocero]]; Japanese: 義父, 岳父, 舅; Jeju: 가시아방; Kashmiri: ہِہُر‎, ہیُٛہُر‎; Khmer: ឪពុកក្មេក; Korean: 시아버지, 장인; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خەزور‎; Northern Kurdish: xezûr; Lao: ພໍ່ຜົວ, ພໍ່ເມັຽ, ສະວະສູລະ, ສວະສູຣະ, ສະສຸຣະ, ພໍ່ເຖົ້າ; Latin: [[socer]], [[patraster]]; Latvian: ap'; Livonian: mīeizā, naizizā; Luxembourgish: Schwéierpapp; Macedonian: свекор, тест; Malay: bapa mertua, ayah mertua; Manx: ayr 'sy leigh; Maori: hungarei, hungawai; Marathi: सासरा; Mari Eastern Mari: ача; Mongolian Cyrillic: хадам аав; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮ; ᠠᠪᠤ; Mwani: mukwe; Norman: bieau-péthe; Northern Ohlone: menék; Northern Sami: vuohppa, vuohppasássa; Norwegian Bokmål: svigerfar; Nynorsk: svigerfar, verfar; Occitan: sògre; Odia: ଶ୍ୱଶୁର; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: свекръ, тьсть; Old English: swēor; Papiamentu: suegu; Pashto: سخر‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwaer, Schwaerdaadi, Schwiegervadder; Persian: پدرشوهر‎, پدرزن‎, خسر‎; Plautdietsch: Schwiavoda; Polish: teść pers, świekier pers; Portuguese: [[sogro]]; Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਸੁਹਰਾ, ਸੁਸਰ, ਖ਼ੁਸਰ; Shahmukhi: سوہرا‎, سُسَر‎, خُسَر‎; Quechua: kaka, kiwachi; Romani: sastro; Romanian: socru; Russian: [[свёкор]], [[свёкр]], [[тесть]]; Sanskrit: श्वशुर; Sardinian: socru, sogru; Scots: guid-faither; Scottish Gaelic: athair-cèile; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: свекар, пунац; Roman: svekar, punac; Seri: aaquéect ctam; Sicilian: soggiru; Slovak: svokor, tesť; Slovene: tast; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: pśichodny nan; Upper Sorbian: přichodny nan; Spanish: [[suegro]]; Swahili: baba mkwe; Swedish: svärfar; Sylheti: ꠢꠃꠞ; Tagalog: biyanang-lalaki; Tamil: மாமனார்; Taos: tǫ̏ména; Tarifit: aḍeggʷar; Tetum: banin; Thai: พ่อผัว, พ่อสามี, พ่อตา; Tigre: ሐም; Tupinambá: menduba, atu'uba; Turkish: kaynata, kayınbaba, kayınpeder; Turkmen: gaýynata; Udi: сейде; Ukrainian: свекор, тесть; Urdu: سَسُر‎, سُسَر‎, خُسَر‎; Venetian: misiero, misiere, mesiere; Vietnamese: cha chồng, cha vợ; Volapük: lüfat; Võro: äi; Votic: äijä; Welsh: chwegrwn, tad yng nghyfraith; Yiddish: שווער‎; Zazaki: vıstewre
}}
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Latest revision as of 06:58, 13 January 2024

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: πενθερός Medium diacritics: πενθερός Low diacritics: πενθερός Capitals: ΠΕΝΘΕΡΟΣ
Transliteration A: pentherós Transliteration B: pentheros Transliteration C: pentheros Beta Code: penqero/s

English (LSJ)

ὁ,
A father-in-law, Il.6.170, Od.8.582, Lex Draconisap.D. 43.57 (pl.), Hdt.3.52, PCair.Zen.369.2 (iii B. C.); λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερόν S.OC1302: in plural, parents-in-law, E.Hipp.636.
II generally, connection by marriage, e.g. brother-in-law, Id.El.1286; also, = γαμβρός, son-in-law, S.Fr.305 (pl.). (Cf. Skt. bándhus 'kinsman', Lith. beñdras 'comrade', Goth. bindan 'bind'.)

German (Pape)

[Seite 554] ὁ, Vater der Frau, Schwiegervater, socer; Il. 6, 140 Od. 8, 582; λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερόν, Soph. O. C. 1304, der nach B. A. 229 auch πενθερός für γαμβρός, Schwiegersohn brauchte, wie Eur. El., vgl. Valck. zu Phoen. 431; folgde Dichter; in sp. Prosa nach Moeris hellenistisch für das attische κηδεστής.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ (ὁ) :
propr. qui contracte un lien de famille par le mariage;
1 beau-père, père de la femme ; plur. οἱ πενθεροί EUR les beaux-parents;
2 beau-frère, mari de la sœur.
Étymologie: R. Πενθ, skr. Bandh, lier.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

πενθερός -οῦ, ὁ schoonvader. voor aangetrouwde relatie zwager.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

πενθερός:
1 тесть Hom., Her.: οἱ πενθεροί Eur. тесть и теща;
2 зять (муж сестры Eur. или дочери Soph.).

English (Autenrieth)

father-in-law, Od. 8.582 and Il. 6.170.

English (Strong)

of uncertain affinity; a wife's father: father in law.

English (Thayer)

πενθεροῦ, ὁ, a father-in-law, a wife's father: Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Plutarch, others; the Sept. (for חָם, חֹתֵן.).)

Greek Monolingual

ο, θηλ. πεθερά / πενθερός, θηλ. πενθερά και ιων. τ. πενθερή, ΝΜΑ
ο πατέρας του συζύγου ή της συζύγου σε σχέση με τον γαμπρό ή τη νύφη και η μητέρα του συζύγου ή της συζύγου σε σχέση με τον γαμπρό ή τη νύφη (α. «ο πεθερός και η πεθερά μου μέ αγαπούν όσο και οι γονείς μου» β. «μάλιστα δὲ πενθερὴ αὐτή», Καλλ.
γ. «Περίανδρος ἐστρατεύετο ἐπὶ τὸν πενθερὸν Προκλέα», Ηρόδ.)
νεοελλ.
φρ. «κακιά πεθερά» — λέγεται για γυναίκα φιλόνικη, καβγατζού
αρχ.
1. συγγενής από αγχιστεία, π.χ. ανδράδελφος ή γυναικάδελφος, κουνιάδος, ανδραδέλφη ή γυναικαδέλφη, κουνιάδα («καὶ τὸν λόγῳ σὸν πενθερὸν κομιζέτω», Ευρ.)
2. ο άνδρας της θυγατέρας σε σχέση με τους γονείς της.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Ο αρχ. τ. πενθ-ερός (πρβλ. τυχερός) ανάγεται σε ΙΕ ρίζα bhendh- «δένω, συνδέω, συνάπτω» (πρβλ. πείσμα [II], φάτνη) και συνδέεται με: λιθουαν. beňdras «συντροφιά», αρχ. ινδ. bandhu- «γονιός, συγγενής» (με επίθημα -u- αντί του ελλ. -ęro, πρβλ. κρατ-ύς / κρατ-ερός) και badhnāti «δένω», γοτθ. bindan «δένω» (πρβλ. γερμ. binden). Η λ. πενθερός, που ουσιαστικά σήμαινε τον συνδεόμενο, αυτόν που δένεται με μια οικογένεια μέσω μιας γυναίκας, τον συγγενή εξ αγχιστείας, στον Όμηρο δήλωνε μόνο τον πατέρα της συζύγου και αργότερα χρησιμοποιήθηκε με τη σημ. της λ. ἑκυρός «ο πατέρας του (ή της) συζύγου» όπως και για να δηλώσει τον γαμπρό «ἐπ' ἀδελφῇ» ή «ἐπί θυγατρί». Ο νεοελλ. τ., τέλος, πεθερός (< αρχ. πενθερός με σίγηση του -ν-) δηλώνει αποκλειστικά τον πατέρα του (ή της) συζύγου].

Greek Monotonic

πενθερός: ὁ,
I. πεθερός, Λατ. socer, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· στον πληθ., τα πεθερικά, σε Ευρ.
II. γενικά, συγγένεια κατόπιν γάμου, π.χ. γαμπρός, κουνιάδος, στον ίδ.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

πενθερός: ὁ, ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ συζύγου ἢ τῆς συζύγου, Λατ. socer ὡς τὸ ἑκυρός, Ἰλ. Ζ. 170, Ὀδ. Θ. 582, Ἡρόδ. 3. 52, καὶ Ἀττ.· λαβὼν Ἄδραστον πενθερὸν Σοφ. Ο. Κ. 1302· - ἐν τῷ πληθ. οἱ «συμπέθεροι» ἢ τὰ «πεθερικά», πενθεροὺς δ’ ἀνωφελεῖς Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 636· οὕτω soceri παρὰ Οὐεργιλ. ἐν Αἰν. 5. 457, Tac. Αn. 1. 55. II. καθόλου, συγγενὴς ἐξ ἀγχιστείας, π.χ. ἀνδράδελφοςγυναικάδελφος, Εὐρ. Ἠλ. 1286, Valck. εἰς Εὐρ. Φοιν. 431· ὡσαύτως = γαμβρός, ὁ ἀνὴρ θυγατρός, Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 293. (πενθερός, -ρά, παραβάλλονται ὑπὸ τοῦ Pott καὶ Curt. πρὸς τὸ Σανσκρ. bandh-u (connexio, cognatio, cognatus), ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης bandh, handh-âmi (δένω, πρβλ. Γοτθ. bind-a, κτλ.).

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: father-in-law = father of the wife (cf. ἑκυρός), also brother-in-law, son-in-law (Il.; cf. Chantraine Études 15).
Derivatives: From it πενθερ-ά, Ion. f. mother-in-law (D., Call.), -ιδεύς m. son-in-law (inscr. As. Minor, imper. time.), -ίδης m. id. (pap. VIp; Schwyzer 510); -ιος (Arat.), -ικός (Man.) belonging to the π..
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [127] *bʰendʰ- bind
Etymology: Old name of relatives, formally almost completely agreeing with Lith. beñdras participant, sharer; beside it with u-suffix Skt. bándhu- m. relative; on the variation ero: u s. Schwyzer 482 n. 3 w. lit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 115. Derivations of the verb for bind in Skt. badhnā́ti, perf. ba-bándh-a, Av. bandayeiti, Germ., e.g. Goth. bindan; so prop. "the allied". The verb was lost in Greek as in most IE languages, but left several nouns, s. πεῖσμα, [not φάτνη] and W.-Hofmann s. offendix. -- The oxytonation of πενθερός after ἑκυρός; s. v. and Schwyzer 381.

Middle Liddell

πενφερός, οῦ, ὁ,
I. a father-in-law, Lat. socer, Hom., etc.:—in pl. parents-in-law, Eur.
II. generally, a connection by marriage, e. g. brother-in-law, Eur.

Frisk Etymology German

πενθερός: {pentherós}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: ‘Schwiegervater = Vater der Frau’ (vgl. ἑκυρός), auch Schwager, Schwiegersohn (seit Il.; vgl. Chantraine Études 15).
Derivative: Davon πενθερά, ion. -ή f. Schwiegermutter (D., Kall. u.a.), -ιδεύς m. Schwager (Inschr. Kleinas., Kaiserz.), -ίδης m. ib. (Pap. VIp; Schwyzer 510); -ιος (Arat.), -ικός (Man. u.a.) ‘zum π. gehörig’.
Etymology: Alte Verwandtschaftsbez., die formal fast ganz zu lit. beñdras Teilhaber, Genosse stimmt; daneben mit u-Suffix aind. bándhu- m. Verwandter; zum Wechsel ero: u s. Schwyzer 482 A. 3 m. Lit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 115. Ableitungen vom Verb für binden in aind. badhnā́ti, Perf. ba-bándh-a, aw. bandayeiti, germ., z.B. got. bindan; somit eig. "der Verbundene". Das Verb ist im Griechischen wie in den meisten idg. Sprachen verlorengegangen, hat aber mehrere Nomina hinterlassen, s. πεῖσμα, φάτνη und W.-Hofmann s. offendix. — Die Oxytonierung in πενθερός nach ἑκυρός; s. d. und Schwyzer 381.
Page 2,504

Chinese

原文音譯:penqerÒj 偏帖羅士
詞類次數:名詞(1)
原文字根:岳(父)
字義溯源:妻子的父親*,岳父
同源字:1) (πενθερά)妻子的母親,岳母 2) (πενθερός)妻子的父親,岳父
出現次數:總共(1);約(1)
譯字彙編
1) 岳父(1) 約18:13

Mantoulidis Etymological

(=ὁ πατέρας τοῦ συζύγου ἤ τῆς συζύγου). Ἔχει σχέση μέ ξένη ρίζα πού σημαίνει δένω. Ἔχει ἐπίδραση ἀπό τό ἑκυρός (=πεθερός).

Translations

brother-in-law

Afrikaans: swaer; Albanian: kunat; Arabic: شَقِيق زَوْج‎, شَقِيق زَوْجَة‎, سِلْف‎; Armenian: տագր; Aromanian: cumnat; Asturian: cuñáu; Azerbaijani: qayın; Bengali: দেবর; Bikol Central: bayaw; Bulgarian: девер; Burmese: ခဲအို, မတ်; Catalan: cunyat; Cebuano: bayaw, bayaw nga lalaki; Chinese Cantonese: 大伯, 叔仔; Mandarin: 大伯子, 小叔子; Min Nan: 大伯, 阿叔仔, 小叔, 細叔/细叔, 細叔仔/细叔仔, 細漢叔仔/细汉叔仔; Czech: švagr; Dalmatian: comnut; Danish: svoger; Dutch: zwager, schoonbroer; Erzya: парайде, альне, какжаля; Esperanto: bofrato; Estonian: küdi; Ewe: nyo; Finnish: lanko, kyty; French: beau-frère; Friulian: cugnât; Galician: cuñado; Georgian: მაზლი; German: Schwager, Schwäher; Greek: κουνιάδος; Ancient Greek: ἀνδράδελφος, γαμβρός, γάμβρος, δαήρ, καδεστής, κηδεστής, πενθερίδης, πενθεριδεύς, πενθερός, σύγγαμβρος, συγκηδεστής; Greenlandic: ningaaq; Hebrew: גִּיס‎, יָבָם‎; Hindi: देवर, जेठ; Hungarian: sógor; Icelandic: mágur; Ido: bofratulo; Ilocano: bayaw, kayong; Ingrian: kyty; Irish: deartháir céile; Italian: cognato; Japanese: 義理の兄, 義兄, 義理の弟, 義弟, 義兄弟,義兄さんにいさん,niisan), 小舅; Kashmiri: درُٛے‎; Korean: 시숙(媤叔), 시(媤)아주버니, 시동생(媤同生); Kurdish Central Kurdish: ھێوەر‎; Northern Kurdish: tî; Latgalian: dīvers; Latin: levir; Latvian: dieveris; Lithuanian: dieveris; Macedonian: девер; Malay: abang ipar, adik ipar lelaki, ipar lelaki, adik ipar, ipar; Maltese: silf; Maori: taokete, autāne; Maranao: ipag; Middle English: brother-in-lawe; Mwani: nlamu; Nanai: кэли; Norman: bieau-fréthe; Northern Sami: máhka; Norwegian Bokmål: svoger; Nynorsk: svoger, verbror; Occitan: conhat, cunhat; Old English: tācor; Pashto: لېور‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwoger; Persian: هیور‎; Polish: szwagier pers, dziewierz pers; Portuguese: cunhado; Romani: salo; Romanian: cumnat; Russian: деверь; Sanskrit: देवृ, देवर; Sardinian: connadu, connatu, connau; Scots: guid-brither; Scottish Gaelic: bràthair-cèile; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: де̏вер; Roman: dȅver; Sicilian: cugnatu; Slovene: svák; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: bratš cłowjeka, swak, šwogor; Spanish: cuñado; Swedish: svåger, svärbror; Tagalog: bayaw; Taos: pʼǫ́yna, pòpóna; Tarifit: arwes; Turkish: kayın; Ukrainian: ді́вер; Urdu: دیور‎, جیٹھ‎; Venetian: cugnà, cugnado, cognà, cognado; Vietnamese: anh chồng, em chồng; Vilamovian: śwöger; Welsh: brawd yng nghyfraith; Zazaki: vıstewre

son-in-law

Albanian: dhëndër; Andi: нусо; Arabic: زَوْج اَلاِبْنَة‎, صِهْر‎; Archi: нусду; Armenian: փեսա; Aromanian: dziniri, dzinire; Asturian: xenru, xenral; Azerbaijani: yeznə, kürəkən, giyəv, dadı; Bats: სიძე̂; Belarusian: зяць; Bengali: জামাই, দামাদ; Breton: mab-kaer, deuñv; Bulgarian: зет; Burmese: သမက်; Catalan: gendre; Chechen: нуц; Chinese Cantonese: 女婿; Hakka: 婿郎; Mandarin: 女婿, 婿; Min Nan: 囝婿, 半子, 女婿; Cornish: deuv; Czech: zeť; Danish: svigersøn; Dutch: schoonzoon; Estonian: väimees; Faroese: versonur, dóttursonur; Finnish: vävy; French: beau-fils, gendre; Friulian: zinar, ginar; Galician: xenro; Georgian: სიძე; German: Schwiegersohn, Tochtermann, Eidam; Gothic: 𐌼𐌴𐌲𐍃; Greek: γαμπρός; Ancient Greek: γαμβρός, γάμβρος, καδεστής, κηδεστής, νυμφίος, πενθερός; Guugu Yimidhirr: biidyirr, ngalaadhin; Hebrew: חָתָן‎; Hindi: दामाद, जमाई; Hungarian: vő, vej; Hunsrik: Schwieghersohn; Ido: bofiliulo; Indonesian: menantu laki-laki, menantu; Ingrian: vävy; Ingush: найц; Irish: cliamhain; Italian: genero; Japanese: 婿; Kabuverdianu: jénru; Kannada: ಅಳಿಯ; Kashmiri: زامتُر‎; Korean: 사위; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: zava; Ladino: yerno; Latin: gener; Latvian: znots; Laz: სიჯა; Lithuanian: žentas; Luxembourgish: Eedem; Macedonian: зет; Manx: cleuin; Maori: hunaonga, hunōnga; Mari Eastern Mari: веҥе; Mazanderani: زاما‎; Middle English: sone in lawe; Mingrelian: სინჯა; Nanai: аоси; Navajo: aadaaní, doishʼíinii, doo yooʼíinii; Norman: bieau-fis; Norwegian: måg; Bokmål: svigersønn; Nynorsk: svigerson; Occitan: gendre; Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ; Old English: āþum; Ossetian: сиахс; Pashto: زوم‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwiegersoh; Persian: داماد‎; Plautdietsch: Schwiasän; Polabian: ząt; Polish: zięć pers; Portuguese: genro; Punjabi: ਜਵਾਈ, ਦਾਮਾਦ; Romani: ʒamutro; Romanian: ginere; Russian: зять; Sanskrit: जामातृ; Sardinian: géneru, génniru; Scots: guid-son; Scottish Gaelic: mac-cèile, ban-sgoth, cliamhainn; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: зет; Roman: zet; Seychellois Creole: zann; Sicilian: ienniru, jenniru; Slovak: zať; Slovene: zet; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: pśichodny syn, źowki cłowjek, šwigersyn; Southern Altai: кӱйӱ; Spanish: yerno; Old Spanish: yerno; Svan: ჩი̄ჟე; Swedish: svärson, måg; Tagalog: lalaking manugang; Taos: tàʼána, ȕʼúna; Telugu: అల్లుడు; Thai: ลูกเขย; Turkish: güvey, damat; Ukrainian: зять; Venetian: zendro, zènero, xènero, xènaro, dhènero; Vietnamese: rể, con rể; Vilamovian: adum; Volapük: lüson; Welsh: mab-yng-nghyfraith, daw; Zazaki: zama

father-in-law

Afrikaans: skoonpa; Albanian: vjehërr; Arabic: حَم‎; Aramaic: חמא‎; Armenian: սկեսրայր, աներ; Aromanian: socru; Asturian: suegru; Avar: вакьад; Azerbaijani: qayınata; Basque: aitaginarreba; Belarusian: свёкар, цесць; Bulgarian: свекър, тъст; Burmese: ယောက္ခထီး; Catalan: sogre; Chinese Mandarin: 公公, 岳父, 嫜; Min Nan: 大官, 丈人, 丈人公; Cornish: hwegron; Crimean Tatar: qaynata; Czech: tchán, svekr; Danish: svigerfar; Dutch: schoonvader; Erzya: атявт, вата; Esperanto: bopatro; Estonian: äi; Ewe: to; Faroese: verfaðir; Fataluku: painu; Finnish: appi; French: beau-père; Friulian: missêr, suesar; Galician: sogro; Georgian: სიმამრი, მამამთილი; German: Schwiegervater, Schwäher; Gooniyandi: lambadi; Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐌰; Greek: πεθερός; Ancient Greek: γαμβρός, γάμβρος, ἑκυρός, καδεστής, κηδεστής, πενθερός, συγκηδεστής; Greenlandic: sakeq; Hebrew: חָם‎, חוֹתֵן‎; Hindi: ससुर, समधी; Hungarian: após; Hunsrik: Schwiegherfatter; Icelandic: tengdapabbi; Ido: bopatro; Ilocano: katugangan a lalaki; Indonesian: ayah mertua, bapak mertua; Ingrian: äijä; Interlingua: patre affin; Irish: athair céile; Italian: suocero; Japanese: 義父, 岳父, 舅; Jeju: 가시아방; Kashmiri: ہِہُر‎, ہیُٛہُر‎; Khmer: ឪពុកក្មេក; Korean: 시아버지, 장인; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خەزور‎; Northern Kurdish: xezûr; Lao: ພໍ່ຜົວ, ພໍ່ເມັຽ, ສະວະສູລະ, ສວະສູຣະ, ສະສຸຣະ, ພໍ່ເຖົ້າ; Latin: socer, patraster; Latvian: ap'; Livonian: mīeizā, naizizā; Luxembourgish: Schwéierpapp; Macedonian: свекор, тест; Malay: bapa mertua, ayah mertua; Manx: ayr 'sy leigh; Maori: hungarei, hungawai; Marathi: सासरा; Mari Eastern Mari: ача; Mongolian Cyrillic: хадам аав; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮ; ᠠᠪᠤ; Mwani: mukwe; Norman: bieau-péthe; Northern Ohlone: menék; Northern Sami: vuohppa, vuohppasássa; Norwegian Bokmål: svigerfar; Nynorsk: svigerfar, verfar; Occitan: sògre; Odia: ଶ୍ୱଶୁର; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: свекръ, тьсть; Old English: swēor; Papiamentu: suegu; Pashto: سخر‎; Pennsylvania German: Schwaer, Schwaerdaadi, Schwiegervadder; Persian: پدرشوهر‎, پدرزن‎, خسر‎; Plautdietsch: Schwiavoda; Polish: teść pers, świekier pers; Portuguese: sogro; Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਸੁਹਰਾ, ਸੁਸਰ, ਖ਼ੁਸਰ; Shahmukhi: سوہرا‎, سُسَر‎, خُسَر‎; Quechua: kaka, kiwachi; Romani: sastro; Romanian: socru; Russian: свёкор, свёкр, тесть; Sanskrit: श्वशुर; Sardinian: socru, sogru; Scots: guid-faither; Scottish Gaelic: athair-cèile; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: свекар, пунац; Roman: svekar, punac; Seri: aaquéect ctam; Sicilian: soggiru; Slovak: svokor, tesť; Slovene: tast; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: pśichodny nan; Upper Sorbian: přichodny nan; Spanish: suegro; Swahili: baba mkwe; Swedish: svärfar; Sylheti: ꠢꠃꠞ; Tagalog: biyanang-lalaki; Tamil: மாமனார்; Taos: tǫ̏ména; Tarifit: aḍeggʷar; Tetum: banin; Thai: พ่อผัว, พ่อสามี, พ่อตา; Tigre: ሐም; Tupinambá: menduba, atu'uba; Turkish: kaynata, kayınbaba, kayınpeder; Turkmen: gaýynata; Udi: сейде; Ukrainian: свекор, тесть; Urdu: سَسُر‎, سُسَر‎, خُسَر‎; Venetian: misiero, misiere, mesiere; Vietnamese: cha chồng, cha vợ; Volapük: lüfat; Võro: äi; Votic: äijä; Welsh: chwegrwn, tad yng nghyfraith; Yiddish: שווער‎; Zazaki: vıstewre