θώραξ

English (LSJ)

ᾱκος, Ep. and Ion. θώρηξ, ηκος, Aeol. θόρραξ Alc.15 (codd. Ath.), ὁ:—

   A corslet, θ. χάλκεος Il.23.560; παναίολος 11.374; πολυδαίδαλος 4.136, cf. 11.19, etc.; δεκάμνουν θώρηκος κύτος Ar.Pax1224; ἔξαιρε παῖ θώρακα… τὸν χοᾶ Id.Ach.1133; θ… γυάλοισιν ἀρηρώς Il.15.529 (γύαλα expld. as front- and back-piece fastened with περόναι, Paus.10.26.5); θώρηκος γύαλον Il.5.99; ὅθι διπλόος ἤντετο θ. 4.133; κατὰ ζώνην θώρηκος ἔνερθε 11.234; linen jerkin (not worn by Homeric Greeks acc. to Sch.Il.2.529, but cf. λινοθώρηξ), θόρρακες νέω λίνω Alc. l.c., cf. Hdt.2.182, 3.47, Chron.Lind.C.36, Paus.6.19.7.    2 coat of mail, scale armour, θ. χρύσεος λεπιδωτός Hdt.9.22, cf. 74; φολιδωτός Posidipp.26.7, cf. Paus.1.21.6; of chain mail, v. ἁλυσιδωτός.    b slough of a serpent, καθάπερ ὄφις παλαιὸν ἀποδύεται θ. Porph.Chr.88.    II part covered by the θώραξ 1, trunk, Hp.de Arte10, E.HF1095, Arist.HA493a5; κεφαλῆς καὶ θώρακος καὶ τῆς κάτω κοιλίας Id.Pr.962a34; sts. taken as extending below the midriff, Pl.Ti.69e; ἀπ' αὐχένος μέχρι αἰδοίων Arist.HA491a30, cf. PA686b5, ἐν τῷ κάτω θώρακος χωρίῳ, of the abdominal cavity, Gal.16.448; but also of the chest, thorax, Arist.HA493a17:—there is a play on signfs. 1 and 11 in Ar.V.1194 sq.    b thorax of crustaceans, Arist. HA601a13, al.    2 bandage for the chest, Heliod. ap. Orib.48.48 tit., Sor.Fasc.33, cf. Gal.18(1).817.    III = θωράκιον 11, Hdt.1.181, D.C.74.10.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ᾱκος (ὁ) :
1 partie du corps des épaules à la naissance des cuisses, tronc, buste;
2 p. ext. cuirasse, armure de la poitrine ; fig. murailles, remparts.
Étymologie: DELG pas d’étym., attesté en myc. to-ra-ke ; prob. emprunt.

English (Strong)

of uncertain affinity; the chest ("thorax"), i.e. (by implication) a corslet: breast-plate.

English (Thayer)

(Ι) Iota: on the iota subscript in manuscripts and editions of the N. T. see Lipsius, Gram. Untersuch., p. 3ff; Scrivener, Introduction, etc., p. 42, and Index II, under the word; Kuenen and Cobet, N. T. Vat., praef., p. xi f; Tdf. Proleg., p. 109; WH. Introductory § 410; Winer s Grammar, § 5,4; Buttmann, pp. 11,44f, 69; and see under the words, ἀθοως, ζοων, Ἡρῴδης etc., πρῷρα, Τρῳάς, ὀων. Ἰ´ is often substituted for εἰ, especially in nouns ending in (; on their accent, see Chandler § 95ff), in proper names, etc.; cf. WH s Appendix, p. 153; Introductory § 399; Tdf. Proleg., pp. 83,86f; Scrivener, Introduction, etc., p. 10f; Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word ἘΙ; Meisterhans, p. 23 f; (on the usage of the manuscripts cf. Tdf. Conlatio critica the Sinaiticus manuscript;
c. text. Elz. etc., p. xviii.; Scrivener, Full Collation of the Sinaiticus manuscript, etc. 2nd edition, p. lii.). Examples of this spelling in recent editions are the following: ἁγνια WH, ἀλαζονια T WH, ἀναιδια T WH, ἀπειθια WH (except ἀρεσκια T WH, δουλια T, ἐθελοθρησκία T WH, εἰδωλολατρία WH, ἐιλικρινια T WH, ἐπιεικία WH, ἐριθια WH, ἑρμηνια WH, θρησκια T, ἱερατια WH, κακοηθια WH, κακοπαθία WH, κολακια T WH, κυβία T WH, μαγία T WH, μεθοδια T WH, ὀφθαλμοδουλία T WH, παιδία T (everywhere; see his note on πραγματια T WH, πραϋπαθία T WH, φαρμακια T WH (except ὠφελία WH, Ἀτταλια T WH, Καισαρια T WH, Λαοδικια T WH, Σαμαρια T WH (Σαμαρίτης, Σαμαρῖτις, T), Σελευκια T WH, φιλαδελφία T WH; occasionally the same substitution occurs in other words: e. g. αἰγιος WH, Ἀριος (πάγος) T, δανίζω T WH, δανιον WH, δανιστής T WH, εἰδώλιον T WH, ἐξαλιφθῆναι WH, Ἐπικουριος T WH, ἡμίσιά WH (see ἥμισυς), καταλελιμμενος WH, λίμμα WH, Νεφθαλίμ WH in ὀρινος WH, πίθος WH, σκοτινος WH, ὑπόλιμμα WH, φωτινος WH, χρεοφιλετης (T?) WH; also in augment, as ἱστήκειν WH, ἴδον (see εἰδῶ I. at the beginning); cf. WH's Appendix, p. 162b. On iota as a demonstrative addition to adverbs, etc., see νυνί at the beginning On the use and the omission of the mark of diaeresis with ἰ in certain words, see Tdf. Proleg., p. 108; Lipsius, Gram. Untersuch., p. 136ff)

Greek Monolingual

θώραξ, -ακος, ὁ (ΑΜ)
ο θώρακας.

Greek Monotonic

θώραξ: -ᾱκος, Ιων. και Επικ. θώρηξ, -ηκος, ὁ (θωρήσσω)·
I. θώρακας, το εμπρόσθιο μέρος πανοπλίας, Λατ. lοrica, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· το εμπρόσθιο και οπίσθιο κομμάτι πανοπλίας, τα οποία μαζί, αποτελούσαν τον θώρακα και ονομάζονταν γύαλα· δένονταν με πόρπες (ὀχεῖς) και από τις δυο πλευρές·
II. το τμήμα του σώματος που καλύπτονταν από τον θώρακα, ο κορμός, σε Ευρ., Πλάτ.
III. έπαλξη τείχους, το εξωτερικό τείχος, σε Ηρόδ.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

θώραξ: ᾱκος, ион.-эп. θώρηξ, ηκος ὁ
1) доспех (преимущ. нагрудный), панцирь, броня (χάλκεος Hom.; ὁπλιτικός Plat.);
2) защита, прикрытие, оплот (τοῦτο τὸ τεῖχος θ. ἐστί Her.);
3) (часть тела, покрываемая панцирем, т. е.) грудь или туловище (ἐν τοῖς στήθεσι καὶ τῷ καλουμένῳ θώρακι Plat.; τὸ ἀπ᾽ αὐχένος μέχρι αἰδοίων κύτος καλεῖται θ. Arst.): ἔχων θώρακα ἄριστον. - Πῶς δ᾽ ἂν μαχέσαιτο παγκράτιον θώρακα ἔχων; Arph. (игра на двух значениях слова θ.) (у Эфудиона несмотря на старость), могучая грудь. - Но разве в панкратии (всеборье) он будет бороться в нагруднике?;
4) (у ракообразных) головогрудь Arst.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: cuirass (Il.), trunk, chest (Hp.).
Other forms: Ion. θώρηξ, hyper-Aeol. pl. θόρρακες (Alc.),
Dialectal forms: Myc. to-ra-ke n.pl.
Compounds: compp., e. g. θωρακο-φόρος wearing a cuirass, χαλκεο-θώρηξ with bronze cuirass.
Derivatives: θωρακεῖον (A., inscr.), θωράκιον (Plb.) breastwork, parapet; θωρηκτής soldier with cuirass (Il.; on the formation Trümpy [s. below] Redard Les noms grecs en -της 14, 232 n. 8), θωρακίτης id. (Plb.); θωρακικός belonging to the trunk (Aët.), θωρακαῖος with cuirass (?) (Delos IIa). Denomin. verbs: 1. θωρήσσομαι, -ω put on a cuirass, armour yourself (Il.), also metaph. strengthen onseself (with wine, οἴνῳ, etc.) (Hp., Thgn.) with θώρηξις drinking to intoxication (medic.). 2. θωρακίζω armour (Th., X.) with θωρακισμός (LXX).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: Technical word without etymology, probably a loan. Earlier as inherited connected with Skt. dhāraka- container (cf. on θρᾶνος, θρόνος), but also as LW [loanword] compared with Lat. lōrīca. The meaning trunk etc. is prob. as medical term secondary against cuirass, armour. - Ample treatment by Trümpy Fachausdrücke 10ff. Also Hester, Lingua 13 (1965) 354. - Most prob. a Pre-Greek word; Fur. 302 n. 35 points to a v.l. θύραξ, which would prove Pre-Greek origin (Fur. gives more examples of ω\/υ; I think that Pre-Gr. u often was rendered by ω, as it did not have a phoneme ω, nor ο); the suffix -ακ- is very frequent in Pre-Greek.

Middle Liddell

θωρήσσω
I. a breastplate, cuirass, corslet, Lat. lorica, Il.:— the breast and back pieces which composed it were called γύαλα, which were fastened by clasps (ὀχεῖσ) on both sides.
II. the part covered by the breastplate, the trunk, Eur., Plat.
III. the breastwork of a wall, the outer wall, Hdt.