οὗτος: Difference between revisions
ζῆν οὐκ ἄξιος, ὅτῳ μηδὲ εἷς ἐστι χρηστὸς φίλος → life is not worth living if you do not have at least one friend
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|Definition=<b class="b3">αὕτη, τοῦτο</b>, gen. <b class="b3">τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου</b>, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron., <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">this</b>, common from Hom. downwds. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> ORIGIN and FORMS: <b class="b3">οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο</b> prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ<b class="b3">, τό</b> with insertion of <b class="b3">-υ-</b> (= Skt. Particle <b class="b2">u</b>), e.g. <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> fr. <b class="b3">τα-υ-τα</b>: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτας <span class="bibl">Philol.11</span>; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦται <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>111.23</span>: the former occurs <span class="bibl">Sophr.24</span>, <span class="title">GDI</span>3045 <span class="title">B</span>6 (Selinus), <span class="title">SIG</span>339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in <span class="bibl">Sophr.97</span>, certain in <span class="title">SIG</span>241 <span class="title">B</span>117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin with <b class="b3">οὑτ-</b>, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτω <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>3.359.11 (iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem. οὕταν Corinn. <span class="title">Supp.</span>2.80; acc. pl. neut. οὗτα <span class="title">SIG</span>1185.20 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. Att. <b class="b3">τούτων</b>, Cret. ταυτᾶν <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>5.19; neut. ταύτων <span class="title">Michel</span> 1334.10 (Elis, iv B. C.).—In Ion. sts. written <b class="b3">ταότην, ταο̄τα</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In Att. <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. <b class="b3">-ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί</b>, gen. <b class="b3">τουτουί</b>, dat. <b class="b3">τουτῳί</b>, acc. <b class="b3">τουτονί</b>; pl. nom. <b class="b3">οὑτοιί</b>, neut. <b class="b3">ταυτί</b>, etc., <b class="b2">this man here</b>: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and <b class="b3">-ί</b>, as <b class="b3">αὑτηγί</b> for <b class="b3">αὑτηί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">τουτογί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>894</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ταυταγί</b> for <b class="b3">ταυτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>492</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1057</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τουτοδί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτὶ δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>227</span>; <b class="b3">τουτουμενί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτουὶ μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>965</span>.—In codd. the <b class="b3">ν ἐφελκυστικόν</b> is sts. added in the forms <b class="b3">οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν</b>, and <b class="b3">οὑτοσίν</b> is said to be Att. by <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>59.24</span>, <span class="bibl">82.11</span>. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as <b class="b3">αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>201</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>40</span>, etc.] </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> USAGE in regard to CONCORD. <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.84</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν <span class="bibl">D.4.37</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας <span class="bibl">Id.36.48</span>; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>278b</span>: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος</b>.—But the Art. is absent, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> always in Ep. Poets (exc. <span class="bibl">Od.18.114</span>), οὗτος ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.14.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.406</span>, etc.: sts. also in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 122</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">495</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>406</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>471</span>,<span class="bibl">1177</span>: once in an Inscr., <b class="b3">τοπεῖα</b>: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1622.135 (iv B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην... ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας <span class="bibl">Th. 1.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>449d</span>, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> when <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used in local sense, <b class="b2">here</b>, v. infr. c. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> when the Noun with which <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1034</span>; <b class="b3">δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, <b class="b3">αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο</b> <b class="b2">these</b> were the grievances which already existed, <span class="bibl">Th.1.66</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν</b> <b class="b2">this</b> was the report which... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>16c</span>: freq. with a Sup., <b class="b3">κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ . . ἐγένετο</b> <b class="b2">this</b> was notably the greatest movement which... <span class="bibl">Th.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.113</span>: with πρῶτος <span class="bibl">Id.1.55</span>,<span class="bibl">98</span>, <span class="bibl">6.31</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd to express contempt, <b class="b3">οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467b</span>,<span class="bibl">489b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> though <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>305</span>; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι . . εὔθυναι <span class="bibl">D.19.82</span>, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.13</span>; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης <span class="bibl">Id.2.166</span>: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν <span class="bibl">D.57.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή <span class="bibl">Od.1.159</span>; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>323.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, <b class="b3">καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον</b>: <b class="b3">τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.10</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> the neut. is also used of classes of persons, <b class="b3">μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι</b>: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>854</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>711a</span>; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with Prons., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> personal, <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b>, in local sense, v. infr. c.<span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> interrog., <b class="b3">τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας</b>; what is <b class="b2">this that . . ?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1173</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ποίοισι τούτοις</b>; for <b class="b3">ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα</b>]<b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>388</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει</b> whom he brings <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.612</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with <b class="b3">οἷος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>61c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> possess., <b class="b3">πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος</b> <b class="b2">this</b> father of thine, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> demonstr., <b class="b3">οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις</b>, where <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> is the Predicate, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>622</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>804</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ τοῦτο</b>, v. [[αὐτός]] <span class="bibl">1.7</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα</b> <b class="b2">this</b> same man, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>128</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).300 (Paros). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη</b> another man <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.380</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> with Numerals, <b class="b3">τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη</b> <b class="b2">these</b> three years, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.10c</span>odd.; [<b class="b3">στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται</b> for <b class="b2">these</b> eleven months, <span class="bibl">D.8.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.4</span>; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>27</span>; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς <span class="bibl">D.27.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 463b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">this</b>, to designate <b class="b2">the nearer</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b>, <b class="b2">that, the more remote</b>, <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b>, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, <b class="b2">things round and about us, earthly things</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>75e</span> (v. l.); cf. [[ὅδε]] init.: but <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, <b class="b3">δεῖ . . τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν</b>: <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.8.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">51.3</span> and 18. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, <b class="b3">ὅδε</b> prop. refers to what follows, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>787</span>, cf. [[ὅδε]] III. <span class="bibl">2</span>: freq., however, where there are not two things, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> refers to what follows, <span class="bibl">Il. 13.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.306</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔκουν . . τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>379</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used emphat., generally in contempt, while <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> denotes praise, <b class="b3">ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος</b>, i.e. Aegisthus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>301</span>; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>45a</span>; so D.<span class="title">de Coron.</span> uses <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> of Aeschines, <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> of Philip; but <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used of Philip, <span class="bibl">D.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl">4.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of what is familiar, <b class="b3">τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας</b>, of the Persians, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.8</span>; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς . . οὗτοι καταστήσαντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>69c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>80a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο</b> the <b class="b2">familiar</b> bag-like thing, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.18.11</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7.1</span>; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν <span class="bibl">D.Chr.31.153</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in Att. law-language, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is commonly applied to <b class="b2">the opponent</b>, whether plaintiff (as in <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.130</span>) or defendant (as in <span class="bibl">Id.1.1</span>); so, in the political speeches of D., <b class="b3">οὗτοι</b> are <b class="b2">the opposite party</b>, <span class="bibl">4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">8.7</span>, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, <b class="b3">οὗτοι</b> freq. means <b class="b2">the judges, the court</b>, <span class="bibl">21.134</span>, <span class="bibl">36.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. [[ὅδε]] init.), <b class="b3">τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας . . ἔρχεαι</b>; who art thou <b class="b2">here</b> that comest . . ? <span class="bibl">Il.10.82</span>; freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τίς οὑτοσί</b>; who's this <b class="b2">here?</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1048</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα</b> I see many sheep <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.9</span> (as v.l.): with Pron. of <span class="bibl">2</span> pers., <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b> <b class="b2">ho</b> you! you <b class="b2">there!</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>532</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1280</span>, etc.: and then <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> alone like a voc., <b class="b3">οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>911</span>,cf.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>71</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 773</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>240</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>220</span>, al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>89</span>; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1627</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1364</span>: with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.76</span>:—the fem. is rarer, αὕτη <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>922</span>; αὕτη σύ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 610</span>.—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> simply as antec. to <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.40</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1180</span>, etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες, . . μεθεῖναι ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1319</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 183</span>, <span class="bibl">203</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 4.26</span>; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης <span class="bibl">D.18.282</span>, cf. 173. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης... οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω . . ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.16</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">81</span> (s. v. l.), <span class="bibl">1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">καὶ οὗτος</b> is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες . . ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.147</span>, <span class="bibl">6.11</span>, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.100</span>; v. infr. VIII.2. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> repeated, where for the second we should merely say <b class="b2">he</b> or <b class="b2">it</b>, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν . . κελαδοῦντες <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>200d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> is used in some special phrases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> Sir (i. e. <b class="b3">ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω</b>, etc.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>142</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>275</span>, cf. <span class="title">Eq.</span>III; so ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>815</span>; ταῦτά νυν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1008</span>; so also <b class="b3">ἦν ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">even so, true</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>417</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει</b> <b class="b2">so</b> it shall be, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>78a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα</b> so much for <b class="b2">that</b>, freq. in Att., as <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 220c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">οὐδὶς</b>( = -εὶς) <b class="b3"> ἀθάνατος</b>: ταῦτα <span class="title">IG</span>14.420; <b class="b3">Προκόπι ταῦτα</b> ib.1824; <b class="b3">χαίρεται</b>( = -τε ) <b class="b3"> ταῦτα</b> ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.15</span> (ii/iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> Adverbial usages: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> abs., <b class="b2">therefore, that is why</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.11.694</span>; ταῦτ' ἄρα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>90</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span> 319</span>, <span class="bibl">335</span>, <span class="bibl">394</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.55</span>; ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>159</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174a</span>; ταῦτ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>550</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1358</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 310e</span>: <b class="b3">τοῦτο</b> is rare in this sense, τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως . . εὖ πράξαιμί τι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1005</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο</b> <b class="b2">just because of this</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>204a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">so then, therefore</b>, prop. used in indignant defiance, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>992</span>, <span class="bibl">1043</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>971</span>, <span class="bibl">1115</span>, <span class="bibl">1313</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>426</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>455</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b>, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, <b class="b2">and that</b>, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>627</span>: but mostly with a part., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ... καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>704</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>, etc.; or with a part. omitted, <b class="b3">ἥτις . . τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">οὖσα</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>614</span>; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Erx.</span>400b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">anyhow, no matter what happens</b> (or <b class="b2">happened</b>), <b class="b3">ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα</b> you tried, but were no good <b class="b2">anyhow</b>, i.e. try as you might, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 341c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Diod.Com.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν... τοῦτο δέ</b> . . <b class="b2">on the one hand... on the other... partly... partly</b>... very freq. in Hdt., as <span class="bibl">1.161</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν</b> is sts. answered by <b class="b3">δέ</b> only, <span class="bibl">4.76</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>670</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>440</span>; by <b class="b3">δὲ αὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.176</span>; by <b class="b3">ἔπειτα δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>61</span>; by <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b>, <span class="bibl">D.22.13</span>; by <b class="b3">εἶτα</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1345</span>; by <b class="b3">τοῦτ' αὖθις</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>165</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> dat. fem. <b class="b3">ταύτῃ</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b2">on this spot, here</b>, <b class="b3">ταύτῃ μὲν... τῇδε δ' αὖ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1331</span>; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>271</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span> 1221</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in this point, herein</b>, μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>572</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>7.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">in this way, thus</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1300</span>, etc.; οὐ . . ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>843</span>; ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>365</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>511</span>: antec. to <b class="b3">ὥσπερ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>; to <b class="b3">ὅπῃ</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 8.3.2</span>; οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>681d</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">714d</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι</b>, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 215b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἐκ τούτου</b> or <b class="b3">τούτων</b> <b class="b2">thereupon</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>2.1</span>; <b class="b2">therefore</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ</b> <b class="b2">in that case</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>440c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in the meantime</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.72</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς τούτοις</b> (-οισι) <b class="b2">besides</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>540</span>.</span> | |Definition=<b class="b3">αὕτη, τοῦτο</b>, gen. <b class="b3">τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου</b>, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron., <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">this</b>, common from Hom. downwds. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> ORIGIN and FORMS: <b class="b3">οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο</b> prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ<b class="b3">, τό</b> with insertion of <b class="b3">-υ-</b> (= Skt. Particle <b class="b2">u</b>), e.g. <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> fr. <b class="b3">τα-υ-τα</b>: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτας <span class="bibl">Philol.11</span>; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦται <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>111.23</span>: the former occurs <span class="bibl">Sophr.24</span>, <span class="title">GDI</span>3045 <span class="title">B</span>6 (Selinus), <span class="title">SIG</span>339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in <span class="bibl">Sophr.97</span>, certain in <span class="title">SIG</span>241 <span class="title">B</span>117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin with <b class="b3">οὑτ-</b>, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτω <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>3.359.11 (iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem. οὕταν Corinn. <span class="title">Supp.</span>2.80; acc. pl. neut. οὗτα <span class="title">SIG</span>1185.20 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. Att. <b class="b3">τούτων</b>, Cret. ταυτᾶν <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>5.19; neut. ταύτων <span class="title">Michel</span> 1334.10 (Elis, iv B. C.).—In Ion. sts. written <b class="b3">ταότην, ταο̄τα</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In Att. <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. <b class="b3">-ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί</b>, gen. <b class="b3">τουτουί</b>, dat. <b class="b3">τουτῳί</b>, acc. <b class="b3">τουτονί</b>; pl. nom. <b class="b3">οὑτοιί</b>, neut. <b class="b3">ταυτί</b>, etc., <b class="b2">this man here</b>: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and <b class="b3">-ί</b>, as <b class="b3">αὑτηγί</b> for <b class="b3">αὑτηί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>784</span>; <b class="b3">τουτογί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>894</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ταυταγί</b> for <b class="b3">ταυτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>492</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1057</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τουτοδί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτὶ δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>227</span>; <b class="b3">τουτουμενί</b> for <b class="b3">τουτουὶ μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>965</span>.—In codd. the <b class="b3">ν ἐφελκυστικόν</b> is sts. added in the forms <b class="b3">οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν</b>, and <b class="b3">οὑτοσίν</b> is said to be Att. by <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>59.24</span>, <span class="bibl">82.11</span>. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as <b class="b3">αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>201</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>40</span>, etc.] </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> USAGE in regard to CONCORD. <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.84</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν <span class="bibl">D.4.37</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας <span class="bibl">Id.36.48</span>; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>278b</span>: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος</b>.—But the Art. is absent, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> always in Ep. Poets (exc. <span class="bibl">Od.18.114</span>), οὗτος ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.14.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.406</span>, etc.: sts. also in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 122</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">495</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>406</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>471</span>,<span class="bibl">1177</span>: once in an Inscr., <b class="b3">τοπεῖα</b>: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1622.135 (iv B. C.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην... ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας <span class="bibl">Th. 1.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>449d</span>, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> when <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used in local sense, <b class="b2">here</b>, v. infr. c. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> when the Noun with which <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1034</span>; <b class="b3">δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, <b class="b3">αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο</b> <b class="b2">these</b> were the grievances which already existed, <span class="bibl">Th.1.66</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν</b> <b class="b2">this</b> was the report which... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>16c</span>: freq. with a Sup., <b class="b3">κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ . . ἐγένετο</b> <b class="b2">this</b> was notably the greatest movement which... <span class="bibl">Th.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.113</span>: with πρῶτος <span class="bibl">Id.1.55</span>,<span class="bibl">98</span>, <span class="bibl">6.31</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd to express contempt, <b class="b3">οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467b</span>,<span class="bibl">489b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> though <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>305</span>; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι . . εὔθυναι <span class="bibl">D.19.82</span>, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.13</span>; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης <span class="bibl">Id.2.166</span>: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν <span class="bibl">D.57.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή <span class="bibl">Od.1.159</span>; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>323.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, <b class="b3">καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον</b>: <b class="b3">τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.10</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> the neut. is also used of classes of persons, <b class="b3">μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι</b>: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>854</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>711a</span>; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with Prons., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> personal, <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b>, in local sense, v. infr. c.<span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> interrog., <b class="b3">τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας</b>; what is <b class="b2">this that . . ?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1173</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ποίοισι τούτοις</b>; for <b class="b3">ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα</b>]<b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>388</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει</b> whom he brings <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.612</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with <b class="b3">οἷος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>61c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> possess., <b class="b3">πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος</b> <b class="b2">this</b> father of thine, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> demonstr., <b class="b3">οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις</b>, where <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> is the Predicate, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>622</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>804</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ τοῦτο</b>, v. [[αὐτός]] <span class="bibl">1.7</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα</b> <b class="b2">this</b> same man, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>128</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).300 (Paros). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη</b> another man <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.380</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> with Numerals, <b class="b3">τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη</b> <b class="b2">these</b> three years, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.10c</span>odd.; [<b class="b3">στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται</b> for <b class="b2">these</b> eleven months, <span class="bibl">D.8.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.4</span>; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>27</span>; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς <span class="bibl">D.27.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 463b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">this</b>, to designate <b class="b2">the nearer</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b>, <b class="b2">that, the more remote</b>, <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b>, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, <b class="b2">things round and about us, earthly things</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>75e</span> (v. l.); cf. [[ὅδε]] init.: but <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, <b class="b3">δεῖ . . τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν</b>: <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.8.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">51.3</span> and 18. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, <b class="b3">ὅδε</b> prop. refers to what follows, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>787</span>, cf. [[ὅδε]] III. <span class="bibl">2</span>: freq., however, where there are not two things, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> refers to what follows, <span class="bibl">Il. 13.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.306</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔκουν . . τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>379</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used emphat., generally in contempt, while <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> denotes praise, <b class="b3">ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος</b>, i.e. Aegisthus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>301</span>; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>45a</span>; so D.<span class="title">de Coron.</span> uses <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> of Aeschines, <b class="b3">ἐκεῖνος</b> of Philip; but <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is used of Philip, <span class="bibl">D.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl">4.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of what is familiar, <b class="b3">τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας</b>, of the Persians, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.8</span>; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς . . οὗτοι καταστήσαντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>69c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>80a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο</b> the <b class="b2">familiar</b> bag-like thing, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.18.11</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7.1</span>; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν <span class="bibl">D.Chr.31.153</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> in Att. law-language, <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> is commonly applied to <b class="b2">the opponent</b>, whether plaintiff (as in <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.130</span>) or defendant (as in <span class="bibl">Id.1.1</span>); so, in the political speeches of D., <b class="b3">οὗτοι</b> are <b class="b2">the opposite party</b>, <span class="bibl">4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">8.7</span>, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, <b class="b3">οὗτοι</b> freq. means <b class="b2">the judges, the court</b>, <span class="bibl">21.134</span>, <span class="bibl">36.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. [[ὅδε]] init.), <b class="b3">τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας . . ἔρχεαι</b>; who art thou <b class="b2">here</b> that comest . . ? <span class="bibl">Il.10.82</span>; freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τίς οὑτοσί</b>; who's this <b class="b2">here?</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1048</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα</b> I see many sheep <b class="b2">here</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.9</span> (as v.l.): with Pron. of <span class="bibl">2</span> pers., <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b> <b class="b2">ho</b> you! you <b class="b2">there!</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>532</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1280</span>, etc.: and then <b class="b3">οὗτος</b> alone like a voc., <b class="b3">οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>911</span>,cf.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>71</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 773</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>240</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>220</span>, al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>89</span>; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1627</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1364</span>: with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.76</span>:—the fem. is rarer, αὕτη <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>922</span>; αὕτη σύ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 610</span>.—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> simply as antec. to <b class="b3">ὅς</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.40</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1180</span>, etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες, . . μεθεῖναι ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1319</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 183</span>, <span class="bibl">203</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 4.26</span>; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης <span class="bibl">D.18.282</span>, cf. 173. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης... οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω . . ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.16</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">81</span> (s. v. l.), <span class="bibl">1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">καὶ οὗτος</b> is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες . . ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.147</span>, <span class="bibl">6.11</span>, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.100</span>; v. infr. VIII.2. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> repeated, where for the second we should merely say <b class="b2">he</b> or <b class="b2">it</b>, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν . . κελαδοῦντες <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>200d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> is used in some special phrases, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα</b> <b class="b2">yes</b> Sir (i. e. <b class="b3">ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω</b>, etc.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>142</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>275</span>, cf. <span class="title">Eq.</span>III; so ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>815</span>; ταῦτά νυν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1008</span>; so also <b class="b3">ἦν ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">even so, true</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>417</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει</b> <b class="b2">so</b> it shall be, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>78a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα</b> so much for <b class="b2">that</b>, freq. in Att., as <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 220c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">οὐδὶς</b>( = -εὶς) <b class="b3"> ἀθάνατος</b>: ταῦτα <span class="title">IG</span>14.420; <b class="b3">Προκόπι ταῦτα</b> ib.1824; <b class="b3">χαίρεται</b>( = -τε ) <b class="b3"> ταῦτα</b> ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.15</span> (ii/iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> Adverbial usages: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα</b> abs., <b class="b2">therefore, that is why</b>... <span class="bibl">Il.11.694</span>; ταῦτ' ἄρα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>90</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span> 319</span>, <span class="bibl">335</span>, <span class="bibl">394</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.55</span>; ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>159</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174a</span>; ταῦτ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>550</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1358</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 310e</span>: <b class="b3">τοῦτο</b> is rare in this sense, τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως . . εὖ πράξαιμί τι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1005</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο</b> <b class="b2">just because of this</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>204a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">so then, therefore</b>, prop. used in indignant defiance, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>992</span>, <span class="bibl">1043</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>971</span>, <span class="bibl">1115</span>, <span class="bibl">1313</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>426</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>455</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b>, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, <b class="b2">and that</b>, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>627</span>: but mostly with a part., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ... καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>704</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>, etc.; or with a part. omitted, <b class="b3">ἥτις . . τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">οὖσα</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>614</span>; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Erx.</span>400b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b> <b class="b2">anyhow, no matter what happens</b> (or <b class="b2">happened</b>), <b class="b3">ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα</b> you tried, but were no good <b class="b2">anyhow</b>, i.e. try as you might, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 341c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Diod.Com.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν... τοῦτο δέ</b> . . <b class="b2">on the one hand... on the other... partly... partly</b>... very freq. in Hdt., as <span class="bibl">1.161</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν</b> is sts. answered by <b class="b3">δέ</b> only, <span class="bibl">4.76</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>670</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>440</span>; by <b class="b3">δὲ αὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.176</span>; by <b class="b3">ἔπειτα δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>61</span>; by <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b>, <span class="bibl">D.22.13</span>; by <b class="b3">εἶτα</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1345</span>; by <b class="b3">τοῦτ' αὖθις</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>165</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> dat. fem. <b class="b3">ταύτῃ</b>, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b2">on this spot, here</b>, <b class="b3">ταύτῃ μὲν... τῇδε δ' αὖ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1331</span>; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>271</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span> 1221</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in this point, herein</b>, μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>572</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>7.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">in this way, thus</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1300</span>, etc.; οὐ . . ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>843</span>; ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>365</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>511</span>: antec. to <b class="b3">ὥσπερ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>; to <b class="b3">ὅπῃ</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 8.3.2</span>; οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>681d</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">714d</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι</b>, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 215b</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἐκ τούτου</b> or <b class="b3">τούτων</b> <b class="b2">thereupon</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>2.1</span>; <b class="b2">therefore</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ</b> <b class="b2">in that case</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>440c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in the meantime</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.72</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς τούτοις</b> (-οισι) <b class="b2">besides</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>540</span>.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0421.png Seite 421]] αὕτη, τοῦτο (für τουτοσ, ταυτη, von welchen Formen auch die andern Casus genommen werden, nur nom. plur. masc. u. fem. lautet noch οὗτοι, αὗται, vgl. ὁ, ἡ, τό), demonstrat. zu ποσ, bestimmter hinweisend als ὁ; – 1) <b class="b2">dieser, diese, dieses</b>, Hom. u. Folgde; mit Hinweisung auf einen Relativsatz, οὐχ ἑκὰς [[οὗτος]] [[ἀνήρ]], ὃς λαὸν ἤγειρα, Od. 2, 40. 6, 201. 7, 48 u. sonst; Hes. O. 291; πάντες οὗτοι, οὓς ὁρᾶτε, βάρβαροι, Xen. An. 1, 5, 16; ὅλην ταύτην, ἣν λέγεις, κοινωνίαν, Plat. Rep. V, 449 e; auch [[ταῦτα]] ἕκαστα λέγων, ὅσα δὴ πάθες, Od. 14, 362; oft dem Relativum nachgstzt, s. 2 c; – ohne dieses, bald stärker, bald schwächer hinzeigend, sowohl substantivisch allein stehend, [[οὗτος]] δέ μοι [[φίλος]] [[μέγιστος]] Soph. Phil. 581, öfter bei den Tragg., wie in Prosa, als auch adjectivisch, wo dann das dabeistehende Substantivum regelmäßig den Artikel bei sich hat, entweder [[οὗτος]] ὁ [[σοφός]], Soph. O. R. 568, oder umgestellt, ὁ [[μάντις]] [[οὗτος]], 562; τούτου τἀνδρός, Tr. 350; τοῦ λόγου τούτου, O. R. 520; ἡ σεμνὴ αὕτη καὶ θαυμαστὴ ἡ τῆς τραγῳδίας [[ποίησις]], Plat. Gorg. 502 b; ἀναδήσω καὶ τὴν τούτου ταυτηνὶ τὴν θαυμαστὴν κεφαλήν, Conv. 213 e. – Wenn der Artikel fehlt, so ist das Substantivum als Prädicat zu betrachten, ταύτην, ἔφη, γνώμην ἔχω ἔγωγε, eigtl. dies habe ich als meine Ansicht, dies ist meine Ansicht, Xen. An. 2, 2, 12; ἔνεστι γάρ πως τοῦτο τῇ τυραννίδι [[νόσημα]], eigtl. dies als eine Krankheit; τούτῳ γὰρ [[Ἄρης]] βόσκεται φόνῳ βροτῶν, Aesch. Spt. 226, wo das subst. als eine Erklärung hinzugesetzt ist, daran, nämlich am Morde; αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι [[πρόφασις]], Soph. Phil. 1022, u. öfter, wo also [[οὗτος]] ebenfalls substantivisch gebraucht ist, obwohl an manchen Stellen der Dichter der Artikel, wie auch in anderen Vrbdgn bloß ausgelassen scheint. – Eben so ist es aufzufassen, wo es ausdrücklich auf Etwas hinzeigt und im Deutschen mit <b class="b2">heda!</b> du da! übersetzt werden kann, [[οὗτος]], τί ποιεῖς; Aesch. Suppl. 889; [[οὗτος]], σὲ [[προσμολεῖν]] καλῶ, Soph. Ai. 71, vgl. 1026; [[οὗτος]] σύ, πῶς δεῦρ' ἦλθες; O. R. 532; O. C. 1632; Ἱπποκράτης [[οὗτος]], μή τι νεώτερον ἀγγέλλεις; Plat. Prot. 310 h; auch mit dem Artikel, ὁ Φαληρεὺς [[οὗτος]] [[Ἀπολλόδωρος]], οὐ περιμενεῖς; Conv., u. A. Daher es oft geradezu mit<b class="b2"> »hier«, »da«</b> übersetzt werden kann, [[τίς]] δ' [[οὗτος]] κατὰ νῆας ἔρχεαι [[οἶος]]; Il. 10, 82, wer bist du, der da allein geht? [[οὗτος]], ἔφη, [[ὄπισθεν]] προσέρχεται, da kommt er her, Plat. Rep. I, u. A.; [[ὅπου]] 'στίν; αὑτηί, da! Ar. Nubb. 214. – In solchen Vrbdgn steht das Hauptwort ohne Artikel, πολλὰ δὲ ὁρῶ [[ταῦτα]] πρόβατα, ich sehe da viel Schaafe, Xen. An. 3, 5, 9; οὐ γὰρ ὁρῶμεν, εἰ μὴ ὀλίγους τούτους ἀνθρώπους, 4, 7, 5; [[οὗτος]] [[ἀνήρ]], Plat. Gorg. 467 b; 489 b 505 c; ὃ σὺ λέγεις τοῦτο, was du da sagst, Prot. 342 a; τί οὖν δὴ τοῦτο λέγεις; was sagst du da? Gorg. 452 d; Ar. Pax 275 sagt auch ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα, hier, Herr! oder ja, Herr! – 2) Besonders zu bemerken ist – a) daß [[οὗτος]] von ὅδε (s. dieses oben) sich so unterscheidet, daß es auf das nächst Vorhergehende, ὅδε auf das Folgende geht, ὡς, [[ὅταν]] τοῦτο λέγωμεν, [[τόδε]] λέγομεν, ὅτι, Plat. Men. 90 c; oder daß sich [[οὗτος]] auf ein entfernteres, ὅδε auf ein näheres Nomen bezieht, τούτω μὲν (auf die v. 104 erwähnten Rosse des Nestor bezüglich) θεράποντε κομείτων· τώδε (auf die von dem redenden Diomedes erbeuteten Pferde des Aeneas) νῶι ἰθύνομεν, Il. 8, 109; zuweilen geht es aber auch auf das Folgende, 13, 377 Od. 2, 306; Her. 2, 104; – [[ταῦτα]], die zunächstliegenden Dinge, das Irdische, s. Heind. Plat. Phaed. 75 e. – b) wenn das, worauf durch [[οὗτος]] hingewiesen wird, nicht als gegenwärtig zu denken ist, so wird es als etwas Bekanntes, gewöhnlich Berühmtes dargestellt, ὁ [[μάντις]] [[οὗτος]] ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ, der bekannte Tiresias, von dem schon oft die Rede gewesen, Soph. O. R. 562; ὁ πάντ' [[ἄναλκις]] [[οὗτος]], El. 293; vgl. αὕτη γὰρ ἡ λόγοισι γενναία [[γυνή]], 279; οὗ ἔστιν ἐν [[Πυθοῖ]] τοῦτο τὸ καλὸν [[ἀνάθημα]], Plat. Gorg. 472 a; Phaed. 69 c; selten verächtlich od. im üblen Sinne, wie iste, τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας, die berüchtigten Sykophanten, Crit. 45 a; τούτους τοὺς πανδήμους ἐραστάς, Conv. 181 e; ἔχοντες τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, die vornehmen Perser mit ihren bekannten kostbaren Kleidern, Xen. An. 1, 5, 8 u. sonst. – Bes. bezieht es sich auf das, wovon eben die Rede gewesen, im Gespräch auf das, was der Andere gesagt hat, oft bei Plat., wie iste; daher in der att. Gerichtssprache im Munde des Anwalts sowohl von dem, dessen Sache er führt, als gewöhnlich auf die entgegengesetzte Partei hinzeigend, aber auch auf die Richter, Oratt., auch, im plur., auf alle Zuhörer, Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 222 ff. – c) ähnlich ist auch der Gebrauch des [[οὗτος]] nach einem Zwischensatze, wo es den Hauptsatz mit Nachdruck wieder aufnehmen soll, wo wir »<b class="b2">wie gesagt</b>« dafür setzen können, οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης, –, οὐδὲ [[οὗτος]] ἔφησε [[προσωτέρω]] ἀπικέσθαι, Her. 4, 16, also auch dieser nicht, vgl. 4, 81; καὶ τὰς ἁμάξας ἃς παρεσκευάσατο [[Κῦρος]], [[ἦσαν]] δὲ αὗται τετρακόσιαι, καὶ ταύτας διήρπασαν, Xen. An. 1, 10, 18; Κλέαρχος δὲ Τολμίδην, ὃν ἐτύγχανεν ἔχων παρ' ἑαυτῷ κήρυκα [[ἄριστον]] τῶν [[τότε]], τοῦτον ἐκέλευσεν, 2, 3, 20, wo Krüger mehrere Beispiele aus Xen. anführt, wo aber wie 5, 7, 30, τοὺς δὲ νεκρούς, οὓς [[πρόσθεν]] αὐτοὶ ἐκέλευον θάπτειν, τούτους διεπράξαντο, eigtl. eine Umstellung der Sätze anzunehmen, so daß τούτους τοὺς νεκρούς zusammenzuziehen u. in der Uebersetzung wenigstens es heißen kann »sie machten, daß man die Todten, welche –«; denn oft geht der relative Satz, auf den sich [[οὗτος]] bezieht, voran, vgl. ὃς γῆν πατρῴαν ἠθέλησε μὲν πυρὶ πρῆσαι, τοῦτον πόλει τῇδ' ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι, Soph. Ant. 203; u. mit Wiederholung des Nomens, [[Δαρεῖος]] βουλόμενος Ἰνδὸν ποταμόν, ὃς κροκοδείλους παρέχεται, τοῦτον τὸν ποταμὸν [[εἰδέναι]], Her. 4, 44. – d) <b class="b2">καὶ [[οὗτος]]</b>, wie im Lat. isque, <b class="b2">und zwar</b>, ebenfalls das Frühere wieder aufnehmend und näher bestimmend, οὗτοι γὰρ μοῦνοι Ἰώνων οὐκ ἄγουσιν [[Ἀπατούρια]]· καὶ οὗτοι κατὰ φόνου τινὰ σκῆψιν, Her. 1, 147, vgl. 6, 11; ἀπόρων ἐστὶ καὶ ἀμηχάνων καὶ τούτων πονηρῶν, οἵτινες ἐθέλουσιν, Xen. An. 5, 2, 21. Bes. ist <b class="b2">καὶ [[ταῦτα]]</b> eine geläufige Verbindung, <b class="b2">und noch dazu</b>, od. mit einem ganzen Satze durch <b class="b2">da doch, obschon</b> zu übersetzen, ἥτις τοιαῦτα τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ [[ταῦτα]] [[τηλικοῦτος]], u. noch dazu in diesem Alter, Soph. El. 614; [[Ὅμηρος]] [[οὔτε]] ἰχθύσιν αὐτοὺς ἑστιᾷ καὶ [[ταῦτα]] ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ ὄντας, obschon sie doch am Meere sind, Plat. Rep. III, 404 b; vgl. Xen. An. 1, 4, 12; Μένωνα δὲ οὐκ ἐζήτει, καὶ [[ταῦτα]] παρὰ Ἀριαίου ὤν, 2, 4, 15, eigtl. und dies that er, obgleich er vom Ariäos kam; Cyr. 2, 2, 12; auch nach dem partic., νῦν [[γοῦν]], ἔφη, ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ [[ταῦτα]], dennoch, Plat. Rep. I, 341 c. Vgl. noch Aesch. Eum. 864 Prom. 951; – Καὶ [[ταῦτα]] μὲν δὴ [[ταῦτα]], das wäre denn nun das, schließt eine längere Untersuchung ab, das mag denn sein, genug davon, Ar. Plut. 8; Plat. – Anders ist Ἀγίας καὶ [[Σωκράτης]] καὶ τούτω ἀπεθανέτην, auch diese, wie et hi, et ipsi, sie wurden ebenfalls hingerichtet, Xen. An. 2, 6, 30, vgl. Krüger zu 1, 10, 18; [[ταῦτα]] δὲ ποιῶν καὶ [[οὗτος]] ἀποθνήσκει, Hell. 6, 4, 34. – e) in der Antwort ist τοῦτο, [[ταῦτα]], sc. ἔστι, dies ist so, so viel, wie ja, ἐὰν δέῃ μάχεσθαι, ἆρ' οὐ πλουσίοις ἀνδράσι μαχοῦνται –; ναὶ τοῦτό γε, Plat. Rep. IV, 422 b; ἀλλ' εἰσίωμεν. – Ταῦτά γε, νῦν [[εἴπερ]] δοκεῖ, Ar. Vesp. 1008. – f) τοῦτο geht oft auf einen ganzen Satz, der gew. mit ὅτι ausgedrückt ist, oder mit dem acc. c. inf., τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι ὀργῆς νοσούσης εἰσὶν ἰατροὶ λόγοι; Aesch. Prom. 377; ἀτὰρ φράσον μοι τοῦτο, πόσον τι [[πλῆθος]] ἦν νεῶν, Pers. 325; δέονται δέ σου καὶ τοῦτο, παραγενόμενον πεῖραν [[λαβεῖν]], Xen. An. 6, 4, 33; ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου τοῦτο ἐγένετο, ἐμὲ [[τεθνάναι]] δή, Plat. Apol. 38 c; vgl. Soph. 234 b, [[οὐκοῦν]] τόν γ' ὑπισχνούμενον δυνατὸν εἶναι μιᾷ τέχνῃ πάντα ποιεῖν γιγνώσκομέν που τοῦτο ὅτι δυνατὸς ἔσται; oft bei Xen., vgl. An. 2, 6, 18. 3, 1, 7. 5, 7, 7; τοῦτο [[πάνυ]] χαλεπῶς [[φέρω]], εἰ – Cyr. 5, 5, 12. – g) wenn auch gewöhnlich in Verbindungen, wie<b class="b2"> dieses</b> ist die Ursache, αὕτη τούτου [[αἰτία]], Plat. Prot. 323 a, gesagt wird, sich also [[οὗτος]] nach dem folgenden Prädikatssubstantivum im Genus richtet, so findet sich doch auch im Griechischen, wie bei uns, τοῦτο nicht bloß so, daß das Substantiv als eine Erklärung nachgesetzt wird, wie Xen. An. 4, 6, 3, τοῦτό γε δὴ μόνον διάφορον ἐν τῇ πορείᾳ ἐγένετο, ἡ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος [[κάκωσις]] καὶ [[ἀμέλεια]], nämlich die Mißhandlung, womit man Od. 1, 159 vergleichen kann, τούτοισιν μὲν [[ταῦτα]] [[μέλει]], [[κίθαρις]] καὶ [[ἀοιδή]], u. ταυτὶ γὰρ ἔγωγε [[ἀκούω]] Περικλέα πεποιηκέναι Ἀθηναίους ἀργοὺς καὶ δειλοὺς καὶ φιλαργύρους, Plat. Gorg. 515 e, Rep. III, 407 a, sondern auch unmittelbar neben einander stehend, τοῦτό γε [[θάνατος]] ὀνομάζεται, Phaed. 67 d, u. oft bei Plat. Aehnlich καὶ τοῦτο [[κίνδυνος]], Xen. An. 7, 7, 31, auch das ist zu fürchten, wenn man nicht τοῦτο für den acc. erklären will, in dieser Beziehung ist zu fürchten; denn – h) <b class="b2">τοῦτο</b> u. [[ταῦτα]] stehen auch für διὰ τοῦτο, wie man es gew. erkl., oder als accus. abs., <b class="b2">in dieser Beziehung</b>, in dieser Rücksicht, <b class="b2">deshalb</b>, καὶ μὴν [[μάλιστα]] τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, [[ὅπως]] εὖ πράξαιμί τι, Soph. O. R. 1005; vgl. Eur. Andr. 212 I. T. 939; so ταῦτ' ἄρα, ταῦτ' οὖν, Ar. Pax 406 Av. 120; ἀλλ' αὐτὰ [[ταῦτα]] καὶ νῦν ἥκω, Plat. Prot. 310 e; [[ταῦτα]] δὴ ἐκαλλωπισάμην, ἵνα καλὸς παρὰ καλὸν ἴω, Conv. 174 a; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 27, der An. 4, 1, 21 sogar verbindet [[ταῦτα]] ἐγὼ ἔσπευδον καὶ διὰ τοῦτό σε οὐχ ὑπέμενον. – i) τοῦτ' ἐκεῖνο, s. [[ἐκεῖνος]] u. vgl. damit τοῦτ' [[ἐκεῖ]], grade damals, Eur. Ion 566; τοῦτ' αὐτό, grade dies, τοῦτ' αὐτό, πρέσβυ, τοῦτό μ' εἰσαεὶ φοβεῖ, Soph. O. R. 1013; u. eben so mit wiederholtem [[οὗτος]], τοῦτ' αὔτ' ἔχρῃζον τοῦτό σου μαθεῖν, Tr. 407. – k) <b class="b2">τοῦτο μέν</b> – <b class="b2">τοῦτο δέ</b>, wie τὸ μέν – τὸ δέ bilden coordinirte Sätze, <b class="b2">theils</b> – <b class="b2">theils</b>, Her. u. A.; auch mit anderen Abweichungen, wie το ῦτο μέν – [[ἔπειτα]] δέ, Soph. Ant. 61, τοῦτο μέν – [[εἶτα]], Ai. 672 O. C. 441, τοῦτο μέν – τοῦτ' [[αὖθις]], Ant. 165. – Ταύτῃ s. besonders. | |||
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Revision as of 19:54, 2 August 2017
English (LSJ)
αὕτη, τοῦτο, gen. τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron.,
A this, common from Hom. downwds. A ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of -υ- (= Skt. Particle u), e.g. ταῦτα fr. τα-υ-τα: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτας Philol.11; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦται A.D.Synt.111.23: the former occurs Sophr.24, GDI3045 B6 (Selinus), SIG339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in Sophr.97, certain in SIG241 B117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin with οὑτ-, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτω Supp.Epigr.3.359.11 (iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem. οὕταν Corinn. Supp.2.80; acc. pl. neut. οὗτα SIG1185.20 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. Att. τούτων, Cret. ταυτᾶν Leg.Gort.5.19; neut. ταύτων Michel 1334.10 (Elis, iv B. C.).—In Ion. sts. written ταότην, ταο̄τα, SIG283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In Att. οὗτος was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, gen. τουτουί, dat. τουτῳί, acc. τουτονί; pl. nom. οὑτοιί, neut. ταυτί, etc., this man here: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, Ar.Ach.784; τουτογί for τουτί γε, Id.V.781, Av.894, al.; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, Id.Eq.492, Pax1057, al.; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, Id.Pl.227; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, Id.Ra.965.—In codd. the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sts. added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be Att. by A.D.Pron.59.24, 82.11. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί, Ar.Nu.201, Pl.44, Ach.40, etc.] B USAGE in regard to CONCORD. οὗτος is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος Hdt. 1.84; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν D.4.37; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας Id.36.48; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων Pl.Euthd.278b: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Art. is absent, 1 always in Ep. Poets (exc. Od.18.114), οὗτος ἀνήρ Il.14.471, Od.1.406, etc.: sts. also in Trag., A.Pers. 122 (lyr.), 495, S.Ph.406, OC471,1177: once in an Inscr., τοπεῖα: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων IG22.1622.135 (iv B. C.). 2 sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην... ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται Hdt.4.8; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας Th. 1.85, cf. Pl.R.449d, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί S.El.530. 3 when οὗτος is used in local sense, here, v. infr. c. 1.5. 4 when the Noun with which οὗτος agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις S.Ph.1034; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Pl.Ap.18a: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο these were the grievances which already existed, Th.1.66; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν this was the report which... Pl.Phlb.16c: freq. with a Sup., κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ . . ἐγένετο this was notably the greatest movement which... Th.1.1, cf. 3.113: with πρῶτος Id.1.55,98, 6.31, Ev.Luc. 2.2. 5 when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Pl.Grg.467b,489b, etc. II though οὗτος usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί E.Ba.305; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι . . εὔθυναι D.19.82, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή Aeschin. 3.13; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης Id.2.166: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν D.57.34. 2 so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή Od.1.159; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως Pl.Ap.36e, cf. E.Fr.323.3, etc. 3 the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Hdt.4.23, cf. X.An.1.5.10, etc. 4 the neut. is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός Ar.Eq.854, cf. Pl.Lg.711a; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν Ar.Ra.73. III with Prons., 1 personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, v. infr. c.1.5. 2 interrog., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; what is this that . . ? S.Ph.1173 (lyr.), cf. Ant.7; ποίοισι τούτοις; for ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα]; Id.OC388, cf.Ant.1049; Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει whom he brings here, Il.11.612. 3 with οἷος, Od.20.377, Pl.Phd.61c. 4 possess., πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος this father of thine, S.El.530, cf. X.An.7.3.30. 5 demonstr., οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις, where ἐκεῖνος is the Predicate, Hdt.1.32; τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο E. Hel.622, cf. Or.804; αὐτὸ τοῦτο, v. αὐτός 1.7; τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα this same man, S.Ph.128. b exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος IG12(5).300 (Paros). 6 ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man here, Od.20.380. IV with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη these three years, Lys.7.10codd.; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for these eleven months, D.8.2, cf. 3.4; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν Men.Epit.27; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς D.27.23, cf. Pl.Grg. 463b, etc. C SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: I this, to designate the nearer, opp. ἐκεῖνος, that, the more remote, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, things round and about us, earthly things, Pl.Phd.75e (v. l.); cf. ὅδε init.: but οὗτος sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ . . τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. D.8.72, cf. 51.3 and 18. 2 when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε prop. refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι S.OC787, cf. ὅδε III. 2: freq., however, where there are not two things, οὗτος refers to what follows, Il. 13.377, Od.2.306, etc.; οὔκουν . . τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι . . ; A.Pr.379, etc. 3 οὗτος is used emphat., generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος denotes praise, ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, S.El.301; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας Pl.Cri.45a; so D.de Coron. uses οὗτος of Aeschines, ἐκεῖνος of Philip; but οὗτος is used of Philip, D.2.15, 4.3. b of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, X.An.1.5.8; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς . . οὗτοι καταστήσαντες Pl.Phd.69c, cf. Men.80a; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the familiar bag-like thing, Thphr.HP3.7.3, cf. 3.18.11, 4.7.1; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν D.Chr.31.153. 4 in Att. law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff (as in Aeschin. 2.130) or defendant (as in Id.1.1); so, in the political speeches of D., οὗτοι are the opposite party, 4.1, 8.7, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι freq. means the judges, the court, 21.134, 36.47. 5 much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. ὅδε init.), τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας . . ἔρχεαι; who art thou here that comest . . ? Il.10.82; freq. in Att., τίς οὑτοσί; who's this here? Ar.Ach.1048; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep here, X.An.3.5.9 (as v.l.): with Pron. of 2 pers., οὗτος σύ ho you! you there! S.OT532, 1121, E.Hec.1280, etc.: and then οὗτος alone like a voc., οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; A.Supp.911,cf.S.Aj.71, E.Alc. 773, Ar.Eq.240, Nu.220, al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας S.Aj.89; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους Id.OC1627, cf. Ar.V.1364: with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτος Theoc.5.76:—the fem. is rarer, αὕτη E.Med.922; αὕτη σύ Ar.Th. 610.—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. II simply as antec. to ὅς, Od.2.40, S.OT1180, etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες, . . μεθεῖναι ταῦτα Id.Ph.1247, cf. 1319,Ant. 183, 203, Pl.Grg.469c. III = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι Pi.O. 4.26; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης D.18.282, cf. 173. IV after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης... οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω . . ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι Hdt.4.16, cf.81 (s. v. l.), 1.146, Pl.Phd.107d, etc. V καὶ οὗτος is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες . . ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Th.4.55, cf. Hdt.1.147, 6.11, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου Aeschin.2.100; v. infr. VIII.2. VI repeated, where for the second we should merely say he or it, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν . . κελαδοῦντες Ar.Ra.1526, cf. Pl.La.200d. VII ταῦτα is used in some special phrases, 1 ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα yes Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), Ar.V.142, Pax275, cf. Eq.III; so ταῦτα δή Id.Ach.815; ταῦτά νυν Id.V.1008; so also ἦν ταῦτα even so, true, E.Ph.417. 2 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, Pl.Phd.78a. 3 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for that, freq. in Att., as Pl.Smp. 220c. 4 ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς( = -εὶς) ἀθάνατος: ταῦτα IG14.420; Προκόπι ταῦτα ib.1824; χαίρεται( = -τε ) ταῦτα ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα POxy.119.15 (ii/iii A. D.). VIII Adverbial usages: 1 ταῦτα abs., therefore, that is why... Il.11.694; ταῦτ' ἄρα Ar.Ach.90,Nu. 319, 335, 394, al., X.Smp.4.55; ταῦτα δή A.Pers.159, Pl.Smp.174a; ταῦτ' οὖν S.Tr.550, Ar.V.1358, etc.; αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα . . Pl.Prt. 310e: τοῦτο is rare in this sense, τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως . . εὖ πράξαιμί τι S. OT1005; αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο just because of this, Pl.Smp.204a. b πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, prop. used in indignant defiance, A.Pr.992, 1043, S.Aj.971, 1115, 1313, OT426, OC455, etc. 2 καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός A.Eu.627: but mostly with a part., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ... καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον S.OT37, cf. Ar.Ra.704, Pl.Phdr.241e, etc.; or with a part. omitted, ἥτις . . τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (sc. οὖσα) S.El.614; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι Pl.Erx.400b. b καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens (or happened), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good anyhow, i.e. try as you might, Id.R. 341c, cf. Diod.Com.3.5. 3 τοῦτο μέν... τοῦτο δέ . . on the one hand... on the other... partly... partly... very freq. in Hdt., as 1.161, al.; τοῦτο μέν is sts. answered by δέ only, 4.76, S.Aj.670, OC440; by δὲ αὖ, Hdt.7.176; by ἔπειτα δέ, S.Ant.61; by ἀλλά, D.22.13; by εἶτα, S.Ph.1345; by τοῦτ' αὖθις, Id.Ant.165. 4 dat. fem. ταύτῃ, a on this spot, here, ταύτῃ μὲν... τῇδε δ' αὖ . . Id.Ph. 1331; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται Ar.Eq.271, cf. Th. 1221. b in this point, herein, μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς Id.Pl.572, cf. X.Hier.7.12, etc. c in this way, thus, A.Pr.191, S.OC1300, etc.; οὐ . . ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ Ar.Eq.843; ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα E. Med.365, cf. A.Pr.511: antec. to ὥσπερ, Pl.R.330c; to ὅπῃ, X.Cyr. 8.3.2; οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg.681d; καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι ib.714d; ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.Pl.Smp. 215b. 5 ἐκ τούτου or τούτων thereupon, X.HG3.1.6, Oec.2.1; therefore, Id.An.3.3.5. 6 ἐν τούτῳ in that case, Pl.R.440c. b in the meantime, Hdt.1.126, Th.3.72, X.Mem.2.1.27. 7 πρὸς τούτοις (-οισι) besides, Hdt.2.51, Pl.Prt.326a, X.Mem.2.4.4, Ar.Pl.540.
German (Pape)
[Seite 421] αὕτη, τοῦτο (für τουτοσ, ταυτη, von welchen Formen auch die andern Casus genommen werden, nur nom. plur. masc. u. fem. lautet noch οὗτοι, αὗται, vgl. ὁ, ἡ, τό), demonstrat. zu ποσ, bestimmter hinweisend als ὁ; – 1) dieser, diese, dieses, Hom. u. Folgde; mit Hinweisung auf einen Relativsatz, οὐχ ἑκὰς οὗτος ἀνήρ, ὃς λαὸν ἤγειρα, Od. 2, 40. 6, 201. 7, 48 u. sonst; Hes. O. 291; πάντες οὗτοι, οὓς ὁρᾶτε, βάρβαροι, Xen. An. 1, 5, 16; ὅλην ταύτην, ἣν λέγεις, κοινωνίαν, Plat. Rep. V, 449 e; auch ταῦτα ἕκαστα λέγων, ὅσα δὴ πάθες, Od. 14, 362; oft dem Relativum nachgstzt, s. 2 c; – ohne dieses, bald stärker, bald schwächer hinzeigend, sowohl substantivisch allein stehend, οὗτος δέ μοι φίλος μέγιστος Soph. Phil. 581, öfter bei den Tragg., wie in Prosa, als auch adjectivisch, wo dann das dabeistehende Substantivum regelmäßig den Artikel bei sich hat, entweder οὗτος ὁ σοφός, Soph. O. R. 568, oder umgestellt, ὁ μάντις οὗτος, 562; τούτου τἀνδρός, Tr. 350; τοῦ λόγου τούτου, O. R. 520; ἡ σεμνὴ αὕτη καὶ θαυμαστὴ ἡ τῆς τραγῳδίας ποίησις, Plat. Gorg. 502 b; ἀναδήσω καὶ τὴν τούτου ταυτηνὶ τὴν θαυμαστὴν κεφαλήν, Conv. 213 e. – Wenn der Artikel fehlt, so ist das Substantivum als Prädicat zu betrachten, ταύτην, ἔφη, γνώμην ἔχω ἔγωγε, eigtl. dies habe ich als meine Ansicht, dies ist meine Ansicht, Xen. An. 2, 2, 12; ἔνεστι γάρ πως τοῦτο τῇ τυραννίδι νόσημα, eigtl. dies als eine Krankheit; τούτῳ γὰρ Ἄρης βόσκεται φόνῳ βροτῶν, Aesch. Spt. 226, wo das subst. als eine Erklärung hinzugesetzt ist, daran, nämlich am Morde; αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις, Soph. Phil. 1022, u. öfter, wo also οὗτος ebenfalls substantivisch gebraucht ist, obwohl an manchen Stellen der Dichter der Artikel, wie auch in anderen Vrbdgn bloß ausgelassen scheint. – Eben so ist es aufzufassen, wo es ausdrücklich auf Etwas hinzeigt und im Deutschen mit heda! du da! übersetzt werden kann, οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; Aesch. Suppl. 889; οὗτος, σὲ προσμολεῖν καλῶ, Soph. Ai. 71, vgl. 1026; οὗτος σύ, πῶς δεῦρ' ἦλθες; O. R. 532; O. C. 1632; Ἱπποκράτης οὗτος, μή τι νεώτερον ἀγγέλλεις; Plat. Prot. 310 h; auch mit dem Artikel, ὁ Φαληρεὺς οὗτος Ἀπολλόδωρος, οὐ περιμενεῖς; Conv., u. A. Daher es oft geradezu mit »hier«, »da« übersetzt werden kann, τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ἔρχεαι οἶος; Il. 10, 82, wer bist du, der da allein geht? οὗτος, ἔφη, ὄπισθεν προσέρχεται, da kommt er her, Plat. Rep. I, u. A.; ὅπου 'στίν; αὑτηί, da! Ar. Nubb. 214. – In solchen Vrbdgn steht das Hauptwort ohne Artikel, πολλὰ δὲ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα, ich sehe da viel Schaafe, Xen. An. 3, 5, 9; οὐ γὰρ ὁρῶμεν, εἰ μὴ ὀλίγους τούτους ἀνθρώπους, 4, 7, 5; οὗτος ἀνήρ, Plat. Gorg. 467 b; 489 b 505 c; ὃ σὺ λέγεις τοῦτο, was du da sagst, Prot. 342 a; τί οὖν δὴ τοῦτο λέγεις; was sagst du da? Gorg. 452 d; Ar. Pax 275 sagt auch ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα, hier, Herr! oder ja, Herr! – 2) Besonders zu bemerken ist – a) daß οὗτος von ὅδε (s. dieses oben) sich so unterscheidet, daß es auf das nächst Vorhergehende, ὅδε auf das Folgende geht, ὡς, ὅταν τοῦτο λέγωμεν, τόδε λέγομεν, ὅτι, Plat. Men. 90 c; oder daß sich οὗτος auf ein entfernteres, ὅδε auf ein näheres Nomen bezieht, τούτω μὲν (auf die v. 104 erwähnten Rosse des Nestor bezüglich) θεράποντε κομείτων· τώδε (auf die von dem redenden Diomedes erbeuteten Pferde des Aeneas) νῶι ἰθύνομεν, Il. 8, 109; zuweilen geht es aber auch auf das Folgende, 13, 377 Od. 2, 306; Her. 2, 104; – ταῦτα, die zunächstliegenden Dinge, das Irdische, s. Heind. Plat. Phaed. 75 e. – b) wenn das, worauf durch οὗτος hingewiesen wird, nicht als gegenwärtig zu denken ist, so wird es als etwas Bekanntes, gewöhnlich Berühmtes dargestellt, ὁ μάντις οὗτος ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ, der bekannte Tiresias, von dem schon oft die Rede gewesen, Soph. O. R. 562; ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, El. 293; vgl. αὕτη γὰρ ἡ λόγοισι γενναία γυνή, 279; οὗ ἔστιν ἐν Πυθοῖ τοῦτο τὸ καλὸν ἀνάθημα, Plat. Gorg. 472 a; Phaed. 69 c; selten verächtlich od. im üblen Sinne, wie iste, τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας, die berüchtigten Sykophanten, Crit. 45 a; τούτους τοὺς πανδήμους ἐραστάς, Conv. 181 e; ἔχοντες τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, die vornehmen Perser mit ihren bekannten kostbaren Kleidern, Xen. An. 1, 5, 8 u. sonst. – Bes. bezieht es sich auf das, wovon eben die Rede gewesen, im Gespräch auf das, was der Andere gesagt hat, oft bei Plat., wie iste; daher in der att. Gerichtssprache im Munde des Anwalts sowohl von dem, dessen Sache er führt, als gewöhnlich auf die entgegengesetzte Partei hinzeigend, aber auch auf die Richter, Oratt., auch, im plur., auf alle Zuhörer, Wolf Dem. Lpt. p. 222 ff. – c) ähnlich ist auch der Gebrauch des οὗτος nach einem Zwischensatze, wo es den Hauptsatz mit Nachdruck wieder aufnehmen soll, wo wir »wie gesagt« dafür setzen können, οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης, –, οὐδὲ οὗτος ἔφησε προσωτέρω ἀπικέσθαι, Her. 4, 16, also auch dieser nicht, vgl. 4, 81; καὶ τὰς ἁμάξας ἃς παρεσκευάσατο Κῦρος, ἦσαν δὲ αὗται τετρακόσιαι, καὶ ταύτας διήρπασαν, Xen. An. 1, 10, 18; Κλέαρχος δὲ Τολμίδην, ὃν ἐτύγχανεν ἔχων παρ' ἑαυτῷ κήρυκα ἄριστον τῶν τότε, τοῦτον ἐκέλευσεν, 2, 3, 20, wo Krüger mehrere Beispiele aus Xen. anführt, wo aber wie 5, 7, 30, τοὺς δὲ νεκρούς, οὓς πρόσθεν αὐτοὶ ἐκέλευον θάπτειν, τούτους διεπράξαντο, eigtl. eine Umstellung der Sätze anzunehmen, so daß τούτους τοὺς νεκρούς zusammenzuziehen u. in der Uebersetzung wenigstens es heißen kann »sie machten, daß man die Todten, welche –«; denn oft geht der relative Satz, auf den sich οὗτος bezieht, voran, vgl. ὃς γῆν πατρῴαν ἠθέλησε μὲν πυρὶ πρῆσαι, τοῦτον πόλει τῇδ' ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι, Soph. Ant. 203; u. mit Wiederholung des Nomens, Δαρεῖος βουλόμενος Ἰνδὸν ποταμόν, ὃς κροκοδείλους παρέχεται, τοῦτον τὸν ποταμὸν εἰδέναι, Her. 4, 44. – d) καὶ οὗτος, wie im Lat. isque, und zwar, ebenfalls das Frühere wieder aufnehmend und näher bestimmend, οὗτοι γὰρ μοῦνοι Ἰώνων οὐκ ἄγουσιν Ἀπατούρια· καὶ οὗτοι κατὰ φόνου τινὰ σκῆψιν, Her. 1, 147, vgl. 6, 11; ἀπόρων ἐστὶ καὶ ἀμηχάνων καὶ τούτων πονηρῶν, οἵτινες ἐθέλουσιν, Xen. An. 5, 2, 21. Bes. ist καὶ ταῦτα eine geläufige Verbindung, und noch dazu, od. mit einem ganzen Satze durch da doch, obschon zu übersetzen, ἥτις τοιαῦτα τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος, u. noch dazu in diesem Alter, Soph. El. 614; Ὅμηρος οὔτε ἰχθύσιν αὐτοὺς ἑστιᾷ καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ ὄντας, obschon sie doch am Meere sind, Plat. Rep. III, 404 b; vgl. Xen. An. 1, 4, 12; Μένωνα δὲ οὐκ ἐζήτει, καὶ ταῦτα παρὰ Ἀριαίου ὤν, 2, 4, 15, eigtl. und dies that er, obgleich er vom Ariäos kam; Cyr. 2, 2, 12; auch nach dem partic., νῦν γοῦν, ἔφη, ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα, dennoch, Plat. Rep. I, 341 c. Vgl. noch Aesch. Eum. 864 Prom. 951; – Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα, das wäre denn nun das, schließt eine längere Untersuchung ab, das mag denn sein, genug davon, Ar. Plut. 8; Plat. – Anders ist Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης καὶ τούτω ἀπεθανέτην, auch diese, wie et hi, et ipsi, sie wurden ebenfalls hingerichtet, Xen. An. 2, 6, 30, vgl. Krüger zu 1, 10, 18; ταῦτα δὲ ποιῶν καὶ οὗτος ἀποθνήσκει, Hell. 6, 4, 34. – e) in der Antwort ist τοῦτο, ταῦτα, sc. ἔστι, dies ist so, so viel, wie ja, ἐὰν δέῃ μάχεσθαι, ἆρ' οὐ πλουσίοις ἀνδράσι μαχοῦνται –; ναὶ τοῦτό γε, Plat. Rep. IV, 422 b; ἀλλ' εἰσίωμεν. – Ταῦτά γε, νῦν εἴπερ δοκεῖ, Ar. Vesp. 1008. – f) τοῦτο geht oft auf einen ganzen Satz, der gew. mit ὅτι ausgedrückt ist, oder mit dem acc. c. inf., τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι ὀργῆς νοσούσης εἰσὶν ἰατροὶ λόγοι; Aesch. Prom. 377; ἀτὰρ φράσον μοι τοῦτο, πόσον τι πλῆθος ἦν νεῶν, Pers. 325; δέονται δέ σου καὶ τοῦτο, παραγενόμενον πεῖραν λαβεῖν, Xen. An. 6, 4, 33; ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου τοῦτο ἐγένετο, ἐμὲ τεθνάναι δή, Plat. Apol. 38 c; vgl. Soph. 234 b, οὐκοῦν τόν γ' ὑπισχνούμενον δυνατὸν εἶναι μιᾷ τέχνῃ πάντα ποιεῖν γιγνώσκομέν που τοῦτο ὅτι δυνατὸς ἔσται; oft bei Xen., vgl. An. 2, 6, 18. 3, 1, 7. 5, 7, 7; τοῦτο πάνυ χαλεπῶς φέρω, εἰ – Cyr. 5, 5, 12. – g) wenn auch gewöhnlich in Verbindungen, wie dieses ist die Ursache, αὕτη τούτου αἰτία, Plat. Prot. 323 a, gesagt wird, sich also οὗτος nach dem folgenden Prädikatssubstantivum im Genus richtet, so findet sich doch auch im Griechischen, wie bei uns, τοῦτο nicht bloß so, daß das Substantiv als eine Erklärung nachgesetzt wird, wie Xen. An. 4, 6, 3, τοῦτό γε δὴ μόνον διάφορον ἐν τῇ πορείᾳ ἐγένετο, ἡ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος κάκωσις καὶ ἀμέλεια, nämlich die Mißhandlung, womit man Od. 1, 159 vergleichen kann, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή, u. ταυτὶ γὰρ ἔγωγε ἀκούω Περικλέα πεποιηκέναι Ἀθηναίους ἀργοὺς καὶ δειλοὺς καὶ φιλαργύρους, Plat. Gorg. 515 e, Rep. III, 407 a, sondern auch unmittelbar neben einander stehend, τοῦτό γε θάνατος ὀνομάζεται, Phaed. 67 d, u. oft bei Plat. Aehnlich καὶ τοῦτο κίνδυνος, Xen. An. 7, 7, 31, auch das ist zu fürchten, wenn man nicht τοῦτο für den acc. erklären will, in dieser Beziehung ist zu fürchten; denn – h) τοῦτο u. ταῦτα stehen auch für διὰ τοῦτο, wie man es gew. erkl., oder als accus. abs., in dieser Beziehung, in dieser Rücksicht, deshalb, καὶ μὴν μάλιστα τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως εὖ πράξαιμί τι, Soph. O. R. 1005; vgl. Eur. Andr. 212 I. T. 939; so ταῦτ' ἄρα, ταῦτ' οὖν, Ar. Pax 406 Av. 120; ἀλλ' αὐτὰ ταῦτα καὶ νῦν ἥκω, Plat. Prot. 310 e; ταῦτα δὴ ἐκαλλωπισάμην, ἵνα καλὸς παρὰ καλὸν ἴω, Conv. 174 a; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 27, der An. 4, 1, 21 sogar verbindet ταῦτα ἐγὼ ἔσπευδον καὶ διὰ τοῦτό σε οὐχ ὑπέμενον. – i) τοῦτ' ἐκεῖνο, s. ἐκεῖνος u. vgl. damit τοῦτ' ἐκεῖ, grade damals, Eur. Ion 566; τοῦτ' αὐτό, grade dies, τοῦτ' αὐτό, πρέσβυ, τοῦτό μ' εἰσαεὶ φοβεῖ, Soph. O. R. 1013; u. eben so mit wiederholtem οὗτος, τοῦτ' αὔτ' ἔχρῃζον τοῦτό σου μαθεῖν, Tr. 407. – k) τοῦτο μέν – τοῦτο δέ, wie τὸ μέν – τὸ δέ bilden coordinirte Sätze, theils – theils, Her. u. A.; auch mit anderen Abweichungen, wie το ῦτο μέν – ἔπειτα δέ, Soph. Ant. 61, τοῦτο μέν – εἶτα, Ai. 672 O. C. 441, τοῦτο μέν – τοῦτ' αὖθις, Ant. 165. – Ταύτῃ s. besonders.