censor: Difference between revisions
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{{Woodhouse1 | {{Woodhouse1 | ||
|Text=[[File: | |Text=[[File:p2.png|right|Woodhouse page for {{PAGENAME}} - Opens in new window|link={{filepath:woodhouse_121.jpg}}]] | ||
===substantive=== | |||
[[judge]]: [[prose|P.]] and [[verse|V.]] [[κριτής]], ὁ. | |||
[[one who punishes]]: [[prose|P.]] [[σωφρονιστής]], ὁ. | |||
[[Roman magistrate]]: [[prose|P.]] [[τιμητής]], ὁ (late). | |||
of the [[censor]], adj.: [[prose|P.]] [[τιμητικός]] (late). | |||
}} | |||
{{LaEn | |||
|lnetxt=censor censoris N M :: censor, magistrate for registration/census; censurer, critic (behavior/books) | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>censor</b>: ōris, m. 1. [[censeo]]; cf. also Umbr. censtur; Sanscr. canster, [[leader]], [[governor]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[censor]], a Roman [[magistrate]], of whom [[there]] were [[two]], [[chosen]] orig. [[every]] [[five]], and [[afterwards]] [[every]] one and a [[half]] years, [[who]] at [[first]] [[only]] had the [[charge]] of the Roman [[people]] and [[their]] [[property]], in [[respect]] to [[their]] [[division]] according to [[rank]] or circumstances; [[but]] [[gradually]] came to the [[exercise]] of the [[office]] of [[censor]] of [[morals]] and [[conduct]], and punished the [[moral]] or [[political]] crimes of those of [[higher]] [[rank]] by consigning [[them]] to a [[lower]] [[order]] (senatu movebant, equiti equum adimebant, civem tribu movebant, in aerarios referebant, aerarium faciebant, etc.; cf [[aerarius]], A. b., [[which]] [[punishment]] of the [[censor]], [[whether]] inflicted in [[consequence]] of a judicium turpe, acc. to a [[tribunal]] authorized therefor, or in [[accordance]] [[with]] the [[decision]] of the censors [[themselves]], [[was]] called [[animadversio]] censoria or [[ignominia]] = [[ἀτιμία]]). They also, [[even]] from the [[most]] [[ancient]] times, [[let]] [[out]] the tolls, [[public]] saltworks, the [[building]] and repairing of [[public]] works, the procuring of victims for [[public]] [[sacrifice]], etc.; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 4, 8, 7; Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 446 sq.; Dict. of Antiq., [[art]]. [[censor]].—Also in the Roman colonies and provinces [[there]] were censors, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; and id. ib. 2, 2, 56, § 138 sq.: [[censor]], id. Clu. 14, 41; Liv. 29, 15, 10; 29, 37, 7 (in [[later]] Lat. called [[censitor]], q. v.).—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., a [[rigid]] [[judge]] of [[morals]], a [[censurer]], [[critic]]: [[pertristis]] [[quidam]] [[patruus]], [[censor]], [[magister]], Cic. Cael. 11, 25: [[castigator]] censorque minorum, Hor. A. P. 174: cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110; Ov. P. 4, 12, 25: factorum dictorumque, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 4: servis [[erilis]] imperii non [[censor]] est, sed [[minister]], id. Exc. Contr. 3, 9, 4: [[Sallustius]] gravissimus alienae luxuriae objurgator et [[censor]], Macr. S. 2, 9, 9.—As fem.: ita [[fides]] prompta dura sui [[censor]] est, Ambros. Ep. 10, 83. | |lshtext=<b>censor</b>: ōris, m. 1. [[censeo]]; cf. also Umbr. censtur; Sanscr. canster, [[leader]], [[governor]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[censor]], a Roman [[magistrate]], of whom [[there]] were [[two]], [[chosen]] orig. [[every]] [[five]], and [[afterwards]] [[every]] one and a [[half]] years, [[who]] at [[first]] [[only]] had the [[charge]] of the Roman [[people]] and [[their]] [[property]], in [[respect]] to [[their]] [[division]] according to [[rank]] or circumstances; [[but]] [[gradually]] came to the [[exercise]] of the [[office]] of [[censor]] of [[morals]] and [[conduct]], and punished the [[moral]] or [[political]] crimes of those of [[higher]] [[rank]] by consigning [[them]] to a [[lower]] [[order]] (senatu movebant, equiti equum adimebant, civem tribu movebant, in aerarios referebant, aerarium faciebant, etc.; cf [[aerarius]], A. b., [[which]] [[punishment]] of the [[censor]], [[whether]] inflicted in [[consequence]] of a judicium turpe, acc. to a [[tribunal]] authorized therefor, or in [[accordance]] [[with]] the [[decision]] of the censors [[themselves]], [[was]] called [[animadversio]] censoria or [[ignominia]] = [[ἀτιμία]]). They also, [[even]] from the [[most]] [[ancient]] times, [[let]] [[out]] the tolls, [[public]] saltworks, the [[building]] and repairing of [[public]] works, the procuring of victims for [[public]] [[sacrifice]], etc.; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 4, 8, 7; Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 446 sq.; Dict. of Antiq., [[art]]. [[censor]].—Also in the Roman colonies and provinces [[there]] were censors, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; and id. ib. 2, 2, 56, § 138 sq.: [[censor]], id. Clu. 14, 41; Liv. 29, 15, 10; 29, 37, 7 (in [[later]] Lat. called [[censitor]], q. v.).—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., a [[rigid]] [[judge]] of [[morals]], a [[censurer]], [[critic]]: [[pertristis]] [[quidam]] [[patruus]], [[censor]], [[magister]], Cic. Cael. 11, 25: [[castigator]] censorque minorum, Hor. A. P. 174: cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110; Ov. P. 4, 12, 25: factorum dictorumque, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 4: servis [[erilis]] imperii non [[censor]] est, sed [[minister]], id. Exc. Contr. 3, 9, 4: [[Sallustius]] gravissimus alienae luxuriae objurgator et [[censor]], Macr. S. 2, 9, 9.—As fem.: ita [[fides]] prompta dura sui [[censor]] est, Ambros. Ep. 10, 83. | ||
}} | |||
{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>cēnsŏr</b>,⁹ ōris, m. ([[censeo]]),<br /><b>1</b> censeur : censores ab re (a censu agendo) appellati sunt Liv. 4, 8, 7, on les appela censeurs parce qu’ils étaient chargés du recensement ; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 7<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] censeur, critique : Cic. Cæl. 25 ; Hor. P. 174. arch. cēsor CIL 1, 8 et [[cessor]] [[Varro]] L. 6, 92 || fém. d. Ambr. Ep. 10, 83.||fém. d. Ambr. Ep. 10, 83. | |||
}} | |||
{{Georges | |||
|georg=cēnsor, ōris, m. (altlat. cēsor, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 31 u. cēssor, Varr. LL. 6, 92; v. 1. [[censeo]]), der [[Zensor]], I) eig., Plur. censores, der urspr. [[auf]] 5, Später [[auf]] 1½ [[Jahr]] gewählte höchste römische [[Magistrat]] [[von]] [[zwei]] Personen (urspr. [[beide]] [[Patrizier]], [[dann]] [[einer]] [[ein]] [[Plebejer]], zuw. [[auch]] [[beide]]), dem oblag: a) [[Haltung]] [[des]] [[census]] (s. d.), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. – b) das Sittenrichteramt [[oder]] die [[Aufsicht]] [[über]] das [[Benehmen]] der [[Bürger]] im häuslichen u. öffentlichen [[Leben]], Cic. de legg. 3, 7, [[wobei]] die Zensoren den Straffälligen aus [[einer]] ländlichen [[tribus]] in eine städtische (ex [[rustica]] in urbanam) [[versetzen]], ja [[inter]] aerarios od. [[Caerites]] (s. aerārius no. II, B, 1) [[zählen]], insbes. die Senatoren aus dem Senate [[stoßen]], den Rittern das [[Pferd]] [[nehmen]] (= [[sie]] aus dem Ritterstande [[stoßen]]) konnten, s. [[Liv]]. 45, 15, 4 u. 8. – c) die Verpachtungen der dem [[Staat]] gehörigen Grundstücke, Nutzungen und [[Gefälle]], [[Aufsicht]] [[über]] die [[loca]] [[publica]], [[über]] die öffentlichen [[Bauten]] und Anlagen, Verakkordierung [[dieser]], [[sowie]] [[aller]] andern aus dem [[Schatz]] zu bezahlenden Dinge, übh. Hauptrechnung u. [[Übersicht]] [[aller]] in den [[Schatz]] [[oder]] aus demselben gezahlten Gelder ([[während]] die eigentl. bare [[Einnahme]] u. [[Ausgabe]] die Quästoren hatten), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. Vgl. Th. Mommsen Röm. [[Staatsrecht]] 3. Aufl. Bd. 2. S. 331 ff. Kubitschek in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. III, 1902 ff. – / Auch in den röm. Kolonien gab es Zensoren, Liv. 29, 15, 10. – Die [[Auszeichnung]] der Zensoren bestand [[außer]] der [[sella]] [[curulis]] zu [[Polybius]]' [[Zeit]] in [[einer]] purpurnen [[Toga]]. – II) übtr., [[ein]] strenger Beurteiler, -[[Richter]], -Sittenrichter, -[[Tadler]], scharfer [[Kritiker]], absol., Cic. Cael. 25. Hor. ep. 2, 2, 110. Ov. ex Pont. 4, 12, 25: [[censor]] [[animus]], Arnob. 7, 33: m. Genet., [[castigator]] censorque minorum, Hor. de art. poët. 174: factorum dictorumque c., Sen. de vit. beat. 20, 4 (5): [[servus]] [[erilis]] imperii [[non]] [[censor]] est, [[sed]] [[minister]], Sen. exc. contr. 3, 9, 4: [[Sallustius]] gravissimus alienae luxuriae [[obiurgator]] et [[censor]], Macr. [[sat]]. 2, 9, 9. – / [[als]] fem., [[ita]] [[fides]] prompta dura [[sui]] [[censor]] est, Ambros. ep. 10, 83. | |||
}} | |||
==Wiktionary Etymology== | |||
From Latin cēnsor (“magistrate, critic”), from censere (“to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc.”), from Proto-Italic *kensēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱn̥s-é-ti, *ḱn̥s-eyé-ti, from *ḱens- (“to announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Proto-Iranian *ĉánhati. | |||
{{esel | |||
|sltx=[[δοκιμαστήρ]], [[βουλογράφος]] | |||
}} | |||
{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=censor, oris. m. :: [[御史]]。[[褒贬者]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:55, 12 June 2024
English > Greek (Woodhouse)
substantive
one who punishes: P. σωφρονιστής, ὁ.
Roman magistrate: P. τιμητής, ὁ (late).
of the censor, adj.: P. τιμητικός (late).
Latin > English
censor censoris N M :: censor, magistrate for registration/census; censurer, critic (behavior/books)
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
censor: ōris, m. 1. censeo; cf. also Umbr. censtur; Sanscr. canster, leader, governor,
I a censor, a Roman magistrate, of whom there were two, chosen orig. every five, and afterwards every one and a half years, who at first only had the charge of the Roman people and their property, in respect to their division according to rank or circumstances; but gradually came to the exercise of the office of censor of morals and conduct, and punished the moral or political crimes of those of higher rank by consigning them to a lower order (senatu movebant, equiti equum adimebant, civem tribu movebant, in aerarios referebant, aerarium faciebant, etc.; cf aerarius, A. b., which punishment of the censor, whether inflicted in consequence of a judicium turpe, acc. to a tribunal authorized therefor, or in accordance with the decision of the censors themselves, was called animadversio censoria or ignominia = ἀτιμία). They also, even from the most ancient times, let out the tolls, public saltworks, the building and repairing of public works, the procuring of victims for public sacrifice, etc.; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 4, 8, 7; Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 446 sq.; Dict. of Antiq., art. censor.—Also in the Roman colonies and provinces there were censors, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; and id. ib. 2, 2, 56, § 138 sq.: censor, id. Clu. 14, 41; Liv. 29, 15, 10; 29, 37, 7 (in later Lat. called censitor, q. v.).—
II Trop., a rigid judge of morals, a censurer, critic: pertristis quidam patruus, censor, magister, Cic. Cael. 11, 25: castigator censorque minorum, Hor. A. P. 174: cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110; Ov. P. 4, 12, 25: factorum dictorumque, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 4: servis erilis imperii non censor est, sed minister, id. Exc. Contr. 3, 9, 4: Sallustius gravissimus alienae luxuriae objurgator et censor, Macr. S. 2, 9, 9.—As fem.: ita fides prompta dura sui censor est, Ambros. Ep. 10, 83.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
cēnsŏr,⁹ ōris, m. (censeo),
1 censeur : censores ab re (a censu agendo) appellati sunt Liv. 4, 8, 7, on les appela censeurs parce qu’ils étaient chargés du recensement ; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 7
2 [fig.] censeur, critique : Cic. Cæl. 25 ; Hor. P. 174. arch. cēsor CIL 1, 8 et cessor Varro L. 6, 92 || fém. d. Ambr. Ep. 10, 83.
Latin > German (Georges)
cēnsor, ōris, m. (altlat. cēsor, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 31 u. cēssor, Varr. LL. 6, 92; v. 1. censeo), der Zensor, I) eig., Plur. censores, der urspr. auf 5, Später auf 1½ Jahr gewählte höchste römische Magistrat von zwei Personen (urspr. beide Patrizier, dann einer ein Plebejer, zuw. auch beide), dem oblag: a) Haltung des census (s. d.), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. – b) das Sittenrichteramt oder die Aufsicht über das Benehmen der Bürger im häuslichen u. öffentlichen Leben, Cic. de legg. 3, 7, wobei die Zensoren den Straffälligen aus einer ländlichen tribus in eine städtische (ex rustica in urbanam) versetzen, ja inter aerarios od. Caerites (s. aerārius no. II, B, 1) zählen, insbes. die Senatoren aus dem Senate stoßen, den Rittern das Pferd nehmen (= sie aus dem Ritterstande stoßen) konnten, s. Liv. 45, 15, 4 u. 8. – c) die Verpachtungen der dem Staat gehörigen Grundstücke, Nutzungen und Gefälle, Aufsicht über die loca publica, über die öffentlichen Bauten und Anlagen, Verakkordierung dieser, sowie aller andern aus dem Schatz zu bezahlenden Dinge, übh. Hauptrechnung u. Übersicht aller in den Schatz oder aus demselben gezahlten Gelder (während die eigentl. bare Einnahme u. Ausgabe die Quästoren hatten), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. Vgl. Th. Mommsen Röm. Staatsrecht 3. Aufl. Bd. 2. S. 331 ff. Kubitschek in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. III, 1902 ff. – / Auch in den röm. Kolonien gab es Zensoren, Liv. 29, 15, 10. – Die Auszeichnung der Zensoren bestand außer der sella curulis zu Polybius' Zeit in einer purpurnen Toga. – II) übtr., ein strenger Beurteiler, -Richter, -Sittenrichter, -Tadler, scharfer Kritiker, absol., Cic. Cael. 25. Hor. ep. 2, 2, 110. Ov. ex Pont. 4, 12, 25: censor animus, Arnob. 7, 33: m. Genet., castigator censorque minorum, Hor. de art. poët. 174: factorum dictorumque c., Sen. de vit. beat. 20, 4 (5): servus erilis imperii non censor est, sed minister, Sen. exc. contr. 3, 9, 4: Sallustius gravissimus alienae luxuriae obiurgator et censor, Macr. sat. 2, 9, 9. – / als fem., ita fides prompta dura sui censor est, Ambros. ep. 10, 83.
Wiktionary Etymology
From Latin cēnsor (“magistrate, critic”), from censere (“to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc.”), from Proto-Italic *kensēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱn̥s-é-ti, *ḱn̥s-eyé-ti, from *ḱens- (“to announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Proto-Iranian *ĉánhati.
