κληρουχία

English (LSJ)

ἡ,
A cleruchy, apportionment of land in a foreign country among citizens, ἡ Σάμου κληρουχία Arist.Rh.1384b32, cf. Plb.4.81.2, D.S.15.23; esp. to soldiers on the active list, PPetr.3p.163 (iii B.C.), PTeb.30.26(ii B.C.); = Lat. colonia, D.H.8.75, Plu.Flam.2.
b in Roman Egypt, a numbered division of the land, PTeb.343r.9 (ii A.D.), Sammelb.4414.5 (ii A.D.).
2 collect., = οἱ κληροῦχοι, the cleruchs, the body of citizens who receive such allotments, ἀποικίαις καὶ κληρουχίαις IG12.140.9; κληρουχίαν ἐκπέμπειν Isoc.4.107(pl.); διανομαῖς τε χρημάτων ἀνελάμβανε καὶ κληρουχίας ἔγραφεν = he won their favour by distributions of moneys and proposed allotments of conquered lands Plu.Per.34(pl.).
II inheritance, LXX Ne.11.20, Ph.2.290(pl.).

German (Pape)

[Seite 1451] ἡ, das Einnehmen u. Besitzen des durchs Loos zugetheilten Landes, Besitznahme durch eine Colonie (vgl. κληρουχέω); Arist. rhet. 2, 6; Pol. 4, 81, 2 u. a. Sp. – Auch die Colonie selbst, τὰς κληρουχίας, ἃς εἰς τὰς ἐρημουμένας τῶν πόλεων ἐξεπέμπομεν Isocr. 4, 107; οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κληρουχιῶν, die Einwohner der Colonien, Plut. Flamin. 2; κληρουχίας ἀναγράφειν Pericl. 34. – Vgl. Böckhs Staatshaush. I, 456 ff.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ας (ἡ) :
1 établissement d'une colonie dans un lot de terre assigné par le sort;
2 la colonie elle-même : οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κληρουχιῶν PLUT les colons.
Étymologie: κληροῦχος.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

κληρουχία -ας, ἡ [κληροῦχος] landverdeling. kolonie, groep kolonisten:. κληρουχίαν ἐκπέμπειν een groep uitzenden ter kolonisatie Isocr. 4.107.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

κληρουχία: ἡ
1 раздача в виде наделов, т. е. колонизация (τῆς Σάμου Arst.);
2 поселение, колония: οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κληρουχιῶν Plut. жители колоний, поселенцы, колонисты.

Greek Monolingual

η (AM κληρουχία) κληρούχος
1. η διανομή γης με κλήρωση («περί της Σάμου κληρουχίας ἐδημηγόρησεν», Αριστοτ.)
2. συνεκδ.' το σύνολο τών κληρούχων
μσν.
φρ. «θεία κληρουχία» ή άνω κληρουχία» — επουράνια κληρονομιά, παράδεισος
αρχ.
1. αριθμημένος κλήρος γης
2. ο κλήρος, η κληρονομία, η παραχώρηση ενός πράγματος ως κληρονομικού μεριδίου σε κάποιον («τῶν ἀγώνων και κινδύνων, οὕς ὑπέστημεν.., ἆθλόν εἰσιν αἱ κληρουχίαι», Φίλ.).

Greek Monotonic

κληρουχία: ἡ,
1. κλήρος γης που παραχωρούνταν στους πολίτες σε ξένο έδαφος, σε Αριστ.
2. περιληπτικά, = οἱ κληροῦχοι, το σύνολο των πολιτών που γίνονταν αποδέκτες τέτοιων μεριδίων, σε Θουκ., Πλούτ.· η Αθηναϊκή κληρουχία διέφερε από την αποικία (ἀποικία), στο ότι οι κληροῦχοι παρέμεναν πολίτες της μητρόπολης, αντί να σχηματίσουν ανεξάρτητη πόλη.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

κληρουχία: ἡ, ἡ διὰ κλήρου ἀπονομὴ γῆς ἐν ξένῃ χώρᾳ μεταξὺ τῶν πολιτῶν, περὶ τῆς Σάμου κληρουχίας ἐδημηγόρησεν Ἀριστ. Ρητ. 2. 6, 24, πρβλ. Διόν. Ἁλ. 8. 75, Διόδ. 15. 23. 2) περιληπτικῶς, = οἱ κληροῦχοι, οἱ πολῖται οἱ λαμβάνοντες τοιαῦτα μέρη γῆς, κλ. ἐκπέμπειν Ἰσοκρ. 63Α, πρβλ. Θουκ. 3. 50· κλ. ἀναγράφειν Πλουτ. Περικλ. 34· ― Παρ’ Ἀθηναίοις ἡ κληρουχία διέφερεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀποικίας, καθ’ ὅσον οἱ κληροῦχοι ἐξηκολούθουν νὰ εἶναι πολῖται τῆς μητροπόλεως μὲ πλήρη πολιτικὰ δικαιώματα ἀντὶ νὰ ἀποτελῶσιν ἀνεξάρτητον πολιτείαν. Μάλιστα ἐνίοτε (ὡς ἐν Χαλκίδι καὶ Λέσβῳ, Ἡρόδ. 6. 100, Θουκ. ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ.), πολλοὶ τῶν κληρούχων διένεμον ἐν Ἀθήναις ἀφίνοντες τοὺς κλήρους αὐτῶν εἰς τοὺς πρῴην κυρίους των ὑπ’ ἐνοίκιον. Πρβλ. Βôckh P. E. 2. 168-180, Thirlw. Ἑλλ. Ἱστ. 3. σ. 56, Grote 4. σ. 226. Δύνανται δὲ νὰ παραβληθῶσι πρὸς τὰς coloniae civium Romanorum, ὅπερ μάλιστα δι’ αὐτῆς ταύτης τῆς λέξεως μεταφράζεται ἐν Πλουτ. Φλαμιν. 2.

Middle Liddell

κληρουχία, ἡ, [from κληροῦχος
1. the allotment of land to citizens in a foreign country, Arist.
2. collectively, = οἱ κληροῦχοι, the body of citizens who receive such allotments, Thuc., Plut.—An Athenian κληρουχία differed from a colony (ἀποικίἀ, in that the κληροῦχοι were still citizens of the mother country, instead of forming an independent state.

English (Woodhouse)

settlement of Athenian citizens abroad

Wikipedia EN

A cleruchy (Greek: κληρουχία, klēroukhia) in Classical Greece, was a specialized type of colony established by Athens. The term comes from the Greek word κληροῦχος, klērouchos, literally "lot-holder". Normally, Greek colonies were politically independent; they would have a special relationship with the mother city (the metropolis) but would otherwise be independent entities. Cleruchies were significantly different. The settlers or cleruchs would retain their Athenian citizenship, and the community remained a political dependency of Athens – a position reinforced by installing institutions of local government based on Athenian models, such as the council on Samos.

According to Plutarch, cleruchies were assigned to poor Athenian citizens, who would then live overseas while retaining their Athenian citizenship. However, epigraphical evidence suggests that Athenian cleruchs were more commonly wealthy, and continued to live in Athens while slaves worked on their overseas estates. Cleruchies thereby became a significant source of private wealth in Athens – the 3,000 kleroi on Lesbos provided 100 talents a year, according to Thucydides.

The first cleruchy is thought to have been Salamis, captured by Athens from Megara in the 6th century BC. Other cleruchies were established on the Thracian Chersonese following its recapture from the Persian Empire after the Greco-Persian Wars of the 5th century BC, and at Chalcis following that city's defeat in a war with Athens. During the period of the Delian League and the Second Athenian League (5th–4th century BC), many more cleruchies were created by Athens such as on Samos. Athens' system of cleruchies reached its height in the late fifth century, at which point it stretched as far east as Amisos on the Black Sea. This network of cleruchies was lost at the end of the Peloponnesian war, and never reached this extent again, although some cleruchies were re-established in the fourth century, for example at Lemnos and Samos.

Wikipedia DE

Im klassischen Griechenland war ein Kleruch ein Ansiedler, der ein Stück Land, das oft im Krieg erobert worden war, vom Staat in einem Losverfahren erhielt. Ein solches Landlos hieß kleros. Kleruchen behielten das Bürgerrecht ihrer Heimatgemeinde und blieben verpflichtet, an ihre Polis Steuern zu entrichten und Militärdienst zu leisten. Auf diese Weise gegründete Bürgerkolonien wurden Kleruchien (κληρουχία / klêrouchía) genannt. Eine Kleruchie blieb im Gegensatz zu einer regulären Koloniegründung von der Mutterstadt abhängig.

Wikipedia ES

Una cleruquía (en griego, κληρουχία klêrouchía) asigna por sorteo de lotes de tierra cívica (klêros) a los clerucos soldados-ciudadanos y, por extensión, también designa un tipo de colonia militar. Se encuentran clerucos de Atenas en el siglo IV a. C., y en el reino lágida de Egipto a partir del fin del siglo IV a. C.

En el siglo IV a. C., Atenas es la única gran ciudad griega en proceder de manera masiva y regular al envío de población para fundar nuevos establecimientos: se distingue en general de las colonias, cuando la fundación tiene lugar en un territorio nuevo, seguido de una conquista, y las cleruquías, cuando la fundación se hace sobre la parte confiscada del territorio de un aliado tras la represión de una revuelta. La distinción entre las dos no está siempre clara en las fuentes. Algunas cleruquías son fundadas a petición incluso de los aliados que se aseguran así la ayuda militar ateniense cuando se sienten amenazados.

El territorio de una cleruquía pertenece siempre a la ciudad de Atenas, que le concede únicamente el usufructo a algunos de sus ciudadanos, que son enviados a la plaza, conservando la ciudadanía ateniense. La asignación, por sorteo, de un lote de tierra clerúquica (klêros) permite así a una parte de los ciudadanos desprovistos, miembros de la última clase censitaria, los thetes, acceder a la propiedad: del mismo golpe acaban por engrosar las filas de los hoplitas.

Wikipedia IT

Una cleruchia era un particolare tipo di colonia greca, specialmente ateniese, avente soprattutto finalità militari. Cleruchìa (in lingua greca: κληρουχία) derivava da κλῆρος = una pietruzza, una tessera, una conchiglia o qualcosa che si utilizzava per effettuare un sorteggio (e successivamente, per estensione, anche un lotto di terreno assegnato) + ἒχω = possiedo, ho; κληρουχία significava pertanto distribuzione di beni assegnati per sorteggio.

e poleis greche, e specialmente Atene, cercavano di controllare i territori alleati con l'invio di cittadini-soldati (i cleruchi). Le cleruchie greche avevano finalità simili a quelle delle colonie romane: si trattava di comunità autonome, situate nel territorio di un alleato, le quali erano legate alla madrepatria da vincoli di eterna alleanza. Atene creò un gran numero di cleruchie a partire dal V secolo a.C., specialmente nei territori degli alleati appartenenti alla Lega delio-attica, soprattutto se si erano verificate delle ribellioni. Le cleruchie erano localizzate in posizioni strategiche, in quanto il primo fine era quello di sorvegliare gli alleati riottosi.

Le cheruchie si distinguevano dalle apoichie (ἀποικία = colonia) in quanto la creazione delle apoichie aveva luogo su territorio della polis ottenuto in seguito a una conquista, mentre le cleruchie venivano stabilite sul territorio di un alleato, di solito su un territorio confiscato in seguito a una rivolta. La distinzione tra apoichia e cleruchia in base alla modalità di origine non è tuttavia sempre possibile: certe cleruchie sono state fondate talora su richiesta dell'alleato, che si assicurava così l'aiuto militare ateniese in caso di minaccia nemica. La creazione di una cleruchia sul territorio di un alleato portava spesso alla riduzione del tributo dovuto in precedenza ad Atene: per es., il tributo del Chersoneso, dopo la creazione di una cleruchia nel 447 a.C., passò da 18 talenti nel 453 a.C. a 3 talenti nel 446 a.C.; il tributo di Andro, dove la cleruchia fu creata nel 450 a.C., si dimezzò da 12 talenti nel 450 a.C., a 6 talenti nel 449 a.C.

Atene concedeva ai propri cleruchi solo l'usufrutto, non la proprietà, di una cleruchia; i cittadini ateniesi, pur lontani dalla madrepatria, avrebbero conservato comunque la cittadinanza ateniese. La concessione di lotti di terra per sorteggio permetteva a cittadini indigenti, membri dell'ultima classe del sistema timocratico di Solone (i teti), di passare alla classe superiore degli zeugiti, i cui membri servivano nell'esercito come opliti. La deduzione delle cleruchie fu uno dei mezzi con cui Pericle cercò nello stesso tempo di consolidare l'autorità di Atene e di provvedere al fabbisogno delle classi meno abbienti.

Translations

colony

Afrikaans: kolonie; Albanian: koloni; Arabic: مُسْتَعْمَرَة‎, مُسْتَمْلَكَة‎; Armenian: գաղութ; Azerbaijani: müstəmləkə; Belarusian: калонія, калёнія; Bengali: উপনিবেশ; Bulgarian: колония; Burmese: ကိုလိုနီ; Catalan: colònia; Chinese Mandarin: 殖民地; Czech: kolonie; Danish: koloni; Dutch: kolonie; Esperanto: kolonio; Estonian: koloonia; Finnish: siirtomaa; French: colonie; Galician: colonia; Georgian: კოლონია; German: Kolonie, Pflanzung, Pflanzstadt; Greek: αποικία; Ancient Greek: ἀποικία, ἀποικίη, ἀποικίς, ἄποικος, ἄποικος πόλις, ἐπιϝοικία, ἐποικία, κατοικία, κληρουχία, κολωνεία, κολωνία, κτίσμα, πόλις ἄποικος; Hebrew: מוֹשָׁבָה‎, קוֹלוֹנְיָה‎; Hindi: कॉलोनी, उपनिवेश; Hungarian: gyarmat; Icelandic: nýlenda; Indonesian: koloni; Italian: colonia; Japanese: コロニー, 植民地; Kazakh: отарлау саясаты, отар, отаршы; Khmer: អាណានិគម; Korean: 식민지(植民地), 콜로니; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: mêtingeh, kolonî; Kyrgyz: колония; Lao: ຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນ; Latin: colonia; Latvian: kolonija; Lithuanian: kolonija; Macedonian: колонија; Malay: jajahan, koloni; Maori: koroni; Mongolian Cyrillic: колони; Moore: tẽn-yãmbga; Norwegian Bokmål: koloni; Nynorsk: koloni; Pashto: مستعمره‎; Persian: مستعمره‎, مستملکه‎; Polish: kolonia; Portuguese: colônia; Quechua: mitma; Romanian: colonie; Russian: колония, поселение; Scottish Gaelic: tuineachas; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ко̀ло̄нија; Roman: kòlōnija; Slovak: kolónia; Slovene: kolonija; Spanish: colonia; Swedish: koloni; Tagalog: sakupbayan, kolonya; Tajik: мустамлика, мустамлака; Tatar: колония; Telugu: వలసదేశము; Thai: อาณานิคม, ประเทศราช, เมืองขึ้น; Turkish: koloni, sömürge, müstemleke; Turkmen: koloniýa; Ukrainian: колонія; Uyghur: مۇستەملىكە‎, كولونىيە‎; Uzbek: mustamlaka, koloniya; Vietnamese: thuộc địa; Welsh: trefedigaeth, gwladfa; Yiddish: קאָלאָניע‎