Ἄρης: Difference between revisions
ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν → love your neighbor as yourself, thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, love thy neighbour as thyself
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|Definition=ὁ, Ep.gen. <b class="b3">Ἄρεος</b>, Att. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> Ἄρεως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>64</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1258</span>; but <b class="b3">Ἄρεος</b> (never contr.) is required by the metre in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>115</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>947</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 125</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1423</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>275</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>950</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>16</span>; dat. <b class="b3">Ἄρεϊ</b>, contr. <b class="b3">Ἄρει</b>; acc. Ἄρεα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>190</span> (lyr.), Att. <b class="b3">Ἄρη</b> (never <b class="b3">Ἄρην</b>, which is not found in Attic Inscrr. and is never required by the metre; <b class="b3">Ἄρη'</b> is the true reading in <span class="bibl">Il.5.909</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>59</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>7.237 (Alph.), <span class="bibl">D.S. 5.72</span>); voc. <b class="b3">Ἄρες</b>, Ep. (metri gr.) <b class="b3">Ἆρες</b>:—Ion. and Ep. declens. Ἄρης, ηος, ηι, ηα: Aeol. Ἄρευς, ευος, ευα, ευι, ευ, Sapph.66, <span class="bibl">Alc. 28</span> ff.:—<span class="title">Ares</span>: in Trag., <b class="b2">the god of destruction</b> generally, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>190</span>, etc.; ἐς Οἰδίπου παῖδε . . Ἄρης κατέσκηψ' <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>558</span>; in Com., <b class="b3">Ἄρεως νεοττός</b> chicken <b class="b2">of Ares</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>835</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> the planet [[Mars]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Cael.</span>292a5</span>, <span class="bibl">Cleom.1.11.59</span>, etc.; Ἄρεος ἡμέρα <span class="bibl">D.C.37.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Poets, Appellat. for | |Definition=ὁ, Ep.gen. <b class="b3">Ἄρεος</b>, Att. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> Ἄρεως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>64</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1258</span>; but <b class="b3">Ἄρεος</b> (never contr.) is required by the metre in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>115</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>947</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 125</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1423</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>275</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>950</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>16</span>; dat. <b class="b3">Ἄρεϊ</b>, contr. <b class="b3">Ἄρει</b>; acc. Ἄρεα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>190</span> (lyr.), Att. <b class="b3">Ἄρη</b> (never <b class="b3">Ἄρην</b>, which is not found in Attic Inscrr. and is never required by the metre; <b class="b3">Ἄρη'</b> is the true reading in <span class="bibl">Il.5.909</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>59</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>7.237 (Alph.), <span class="bibl">D.S. 5.72</span>); voc. <b class="b3">Ἄρες</b>, Ep. (metri gr.) <b class="b3">Ἆρες</b>:—Ion. and Ep. declens. Ἄρης, ηος, ηι, ηα: Aeol. Ἄρευς, ευος, ευα, ευι, ευ, Sapph.66, <span class="bibl">Alc. 28</span> ff.:—<span class="title">Ares</span>: in Trag., <b class="b2">the god of destruction</b> generally, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>190</span>, etc.; ἐς Οἰδίπου παῖδε . . Ἄρης κατέσκηψ' <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>558</span>; in Com., <b class="b3">Ἄρεως νεοττός</b> chicken <b class="b2">of Ares</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>835</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> the planet [[Mars]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Cael.</span>292a5</span>, <span class="bibl">Cleom.1.11.59</span>, etc.; Ἄρεος ἡμέρα <span class="bibl">D.C.37.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Poets, Appellat. for [[war]], [[slaughter]], ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα <span class="bibl">Il.2.381</span>; Ἄρη μείξουσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1046</span> (lyr.); χρονίῳ σὺν Ἄρει <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.36</span>; <b class="b3">Ἄρης ἐμφύλιος, Ἄ. τιθασός</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>862</span>,<span class="bibl">355</span>; θηλυκτόνῳ Ἄρει δαμέντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>861</span>; ναύφαρκτος Ἄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>951</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">λιθόλευστον Ἄρη</b> [[death]] by stoning, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>254</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">ἔνθα μάλιστα γίγνετ' Ἄ. ἀλεγεινὸς ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσι</b>, of a <b class="b2">mortal wound</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.569</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">warlike spirit</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>78</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 134</span>; κἀν γυναιξὶν . . Ἄ. ἔνεστιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1242</span>; οὔτ' ὄλβος οὔτ' Ἄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 952</span>; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντας Ἄ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>48</span>; Ἄρη βλέπειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>328</span>, <span class="bibl">Timocl.12.7</span>: in Prose, ἔμφυτος Ἄ. Gorg.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">the sword</b>, ὀξὺς Ἄ. <span class="bibl">Il.7.330</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>7.531 (Antip. Thess.), Plu.2.23c. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> epith. of Zeus, as the [[avenger]] of perjury, in oaths, <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).343c (Arc.); of <b class="b3">Ἐνυάλιος</b>, ibid., <span class="bibl">Poll.8.106</span>. (Akin to <b class="b3">ἀρή</b>, q. v.) [ᾰ in Hom., but α of voc. may be long, e.g. Ἆρες, Ἄρες βροτολοιγέ <span class="bibl">Il.5.31</span>, and gen. Ἄρηος <span class="bibl">2.767</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>77</span> (s.v.l.), Ἄρεος <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1187</span>, dat. Ἄρηϊ <span class="bibl">Id.2.991</span>: in Trag., regularly ᾰ, but A. uses ᾱ even in dialogue, as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>244</span>, <span class="bibl">469</span>; and S. in lyr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>252</span>,<span class="bibl">614</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>139</span>.]</span> | ||
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Revision as of 09:15, 30 June 2020
English (LSJ)
ὁ, Ep.gen. Ἄρεος, Att.
A Ἄρεως A.Th.64, E.El.1258; but Ἄρεος (never contr.) is required by the metre in A.Th.115 (lyr.), S.OC947, Ant. 125 (lyr.), El. 1423 (lyr.), E.Heracl.275, El.950, Fr.16; dat. Ἄρεϊ, contr. Ἄρει; acc. Ἄρεα S.OT190 (lyr.), Att. Ἄρη (never Ἄρην, which is not found in Attic Inscrr. and is never required by the metre; Ἄρη' is the true reading in Il.5.909, Hes.Sc.59, cf. AP7.237 (Alph.), D.S. 5.72); voc. Ἄρες, Ep. (metri gr.) Ἆρες:—Ion. and Ep. declens. Ἄρης, ηος, ηι, ηα: Aeol. Ἄρευς, ευος, ευα, ευι, ευ, Sapph.66, Alc. 28 ff.:—Ares: in Trag., the god of destruction generally, S. OT190, etc.; ἐς Οἰδίπου παῖδε . . Ἄρης κατέσκηψ' Ar.Fr.558; in Com., Ἄρεως νεοττός chicken of Ares, Id.Av.835. 2 the planet Mars, Arist. Cael.292a5, Cleom.1.11.59, etc.; Ἄρεος ἡμέρα D.C.37.19. II in Poets, Appellat. for war, slaughter, ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα Il.2.381; Ἄρη μείξουσιν S.OC1046 (lyr.); χρονίῳ σὺν Ἄρει Pi.P.11.36; Ἄρης ἐμφύλιος, Ἄ. τιθασός, A.Eu.862,355; θηλυκτόνῳ Ἄρει δαμέντων Id.Pr.861; ναύφαρκτος Ἄ. Id.Pers.951 (lyr.); λιθόλευστον Ἄρη death by stoning, S.Aj.254(lyr.); ἔνθα μάλιστα γίγνετ' Ἄ. ἀλεγεινὸς ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσι, of a mortal wound, Il.13.569. 2 warlike spirit, A.Ag.78, E.Ph. 134; κἀν γυναιξὶν . . Ἄ. ἔνεστιν S.El.1242; οὔτ' ὄλβος οὔτ' Ἄ. Id.Ant. 952; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντας Ἄ. A.Ag.48; Ἄρη βλέπειν Ar.Pl.328, Timocl.12.7: in Prose, ἔμφυτος Ἄ. Gorg.Fr.6. 3 the sword, ὀξὺς Ἄ. Il.7.330, cf. AP7.531 (Antip. Thess.), Plu.2.23c. III epith. of Zeus, as the avenger of perjury, in oaths, IG5(2).343c (Arc.); of Ἐνυάλιος, ibid., Poll.8.106. (Akin to ἀρή, q. v.) [ᾰ in Hom., but α of voc. may be long, e.g. Ἆρες, Ἄρες βροτολοιγέ Il.5.31, and gen. Ἄρηος 2.767, Call.Jov.77 (s.v.l.), Ἄρεος A.R.3.1187, dat. Ἄρηϊ Id.2.991: in Trag., regularly ᾰ, but A. uses ᾱ even in dialogue, as Th.244, 469; and S. in lyr., Aj.252,614, Ant.139.]
German (Pape)
[Seite 350] ὁ, Ares, s. nom. propr., steht oft appellativisch für Krieg, Mord, δεινὸς ὁ προς χώρων Ἄρης Soph. O. C. 1065; λιθόλευστος. Steinigungstod, Ai. 247; von Seuchen, O. R. 190; kriegerischer Muth, καὶ ἐν γυναιξὶν Ἄρης ἔνεστι El. 1235, u. so bei andern Dichtern.
French (Bailly abrégé)
gén. -εως ou -εος;
voc. Ἄρες, dat. -ει, acc. -η ou -ην;
I. Arès :
1 fils de Zeus et d’Héra, dieu de la guerre;
2 dans les Tragiques et les Comiques, dieu de la guerre ou de la ruine, auteur des fléaux, des pestes;
II. p. ext. poét.
1 guerre, carnage ; ὁ Μυρμιδὼν Ἄρης EUR la bataille, càd l’armée des Myrmidons ; humeur belliqueuse;
2 meurtre en gén. ; mort violente : λιθόλευστος Ἄρης SOPH la mort par lapidation ; Ἄρεως ὄχθος ATT colline d’Arès, càd du meurtre, ainsi appelée parce qu’on y avait établi le tribunal qui connaissait du meurtre (l’aréopage), d’où la légende que le Meurtre en personne (Ἄρης) fut d’abord jugé en ces lieux (cf. Ἄρειος πάγος);
3 blessure mortelle.
Étymologie: pê de la R. Ἀρ enlever, détruire, faire périr, cf. αἴρω.
English (Slater)
Ἄρης (ᾰρης, Ἄρεος, Ἄρει) god of war
1 Συράκοσαι, βαθυπολέμου τέμενος Ἄρεος (P. 2.2) “θέλεις λτ;ναίειν ἐμοὶγτ; σύν τ' Ἀθαναίᾳ κελαινεγχεῖ τ ᾰρει” Zeus speaks (N. 10.84) “υἱὸν χεῖρας Ἄρε τ' ἐναλίγκιον στεροπαῖσί τ ἀκμὰν ποδῶν” (Hermann: Ἄρει χεῖρας codex: τ add. Boeckh) (I. 8.37) generally, war, battle, slaughter οὐλίῳ μιν ἐν Ἄρει παραγορεῖτο μή ποτε σφετέρας ἄτερθε ταξιοῦσθαι αἰχμᾶς (O. 9.76) μέλει τέ σφισι Καλλιόπα καὶ χάλκεος Ἄρης (O. 10.15) ἐν δ' Ἄρης ἀνθεῖ νέων οὐλίαις αἰχμαῖσιν ἀνδρῶν (O. 13.23) καὶ γὰρ βιατὰς Ἄρης ἰαίνει καρδίαν κώματι (P. 1.10) καπνωθεῖσαν πάτραν ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἐν Ἄρει (P. 5.85) ἐν πολεμαδόκοις Ἄρεος ὅπλοις (P. 10.14) ἀλλὰ χρονίῳ σὺν ᾰρει πέφνεν τε ματέρα (P. 11.36) χαλκέῳ τ' Ἄρει ἅδον (πολέμων ἦσαν ἔμπειροι. Σ.) (I. 4.15) καὶ νῦν ἐν Ἄρει μαρτυρήσαι κεν πόλις Αἴαντος ὀρθωθεῖσα ναύταις ἐν πολυφθόρῳ Σαλαμὶς Διὸς ὄμβρῳ i. e. in the seafight at Salamis against the Persians (I. 5.48) χάλκασπις ᾧ πότμον μὲν Ἄρης ἔμειξεν (I. 7.25)
Greek Monotonic
Ἄρης: ὁ, γεν. Ἄρεως, ποιητ. Ἄρεος· δοτ. Ἄρεϊ, συνηρ. Ἄρει· αιτ. Ἄρεα, συνηρ. Ἄρη· κλητ. Ἄρες, Επικ. Ἄρες· Ιων. και Επικ. κλίση Ἄρηος, -ηος, -ηϊ, -ηα·
I. ο Άρης, καλείται από τους Λατίνους Mars, γιος του Δία και της Ήρας, θεός του πολέμου και των σφαγών, επίσης της καταστροφής και του λοιμού, σε Όμηρ., Τραγ.
II. 1. στους ποιητές, ως προσηγορικό, πόλεμος, μάχη, διαφωνία, σφαγή, φόνος, ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· Ἄρης ἐμφύλιος, Ἄρης τιθασός, εμφύλιος πόλεμος.
2. φιλοπόλεμο, πολεμόχαρο πνεύμα, σε Τραγ. (η √ΑΡ εμφανίζεται επίσης στη λέξη ἀρετή, η πρώτη ιδέα της ανδρείας (vir-tus), είμαι θαρραλέος, γενναίος στο πόλεμο) [ᾰ σε Όμηρ., εκτός από κλητ. Ἆρες· σε Αισχύλ. μακρό ή βραχύ].
Russian (Dvoretsky)
Ἄρης: εως и εος, эп.-ион. ηος ὁ
1) Арей или Арес (отождествл. с римск. Mars, сын Зевса и Геры, бог войны и воинских доблестей); его эпитеты у Hom.: θοῦρος и θοός «стремительный, неистовый, яростный», ἀνδροφόνος и βροτολοιγός «человекоубийственный», ἀΐδηλος «разрушительный, истребляющий», τειχεσιπλήτης «сокрушитель стен», μιαίφονος «обагренный кровью», πελώριος «исполинский», οὖος «губительный», ῥινοτόρος «пронзающий щиты», ταλαύρινος «щитоносный», βριήπυος «рыкающий», ἀλλοπρόσαλλος «переменчивый», λαόσσοος «подстрекающий людей (к войне)», χρυσήνιος «блистающий золотом» и др.: Ἄρεως ὄχθος Her. = Ἄρειος πάγος;
2) война, тж. сражение, битва Hom., Pind., Trag.;
3) воинственность, воинский дух (Ἄ. ἔνεστιν ἔν τινι Soph.);
4) войско (ὁ Μυρμιδόνων Ἄ. Eur.);
5) убийство (λιθόλευστος Ἄ. Soph.);
6) ранение, рана (Ἄ. ἀλεγεινός Hom.);
7) меч (βάψασθαι ἄρη ἐντὸς λαγόνων Anth.);
8) гибель, мор (Ἄ. ἄχαλκος ἀσπίδων Soph.);
9) планета Марс (ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ Ἄρεος Arst.).
Frisk Etymological English
Ἄρεως
Grammatical information: On the flexion Schwyzer 576
Meaning: the god of war; also god of vengeance and oaths (Arcadia, Athens etc., s. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 195ff.); metonym. for war (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 152f.).
Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. are, adj. are(i)jo; PN are(i)mene. Boeot. Lesb. Ἄρευς
Derivatives: Fem. Ἄρεια in Arc. τὰν Ἀθάναν τὰν Ἄρειαν; adj. Ἄρειος, Ion. Ἀρήϊος, Lesb. Ἀρεύϊος (Ζεὺς Ἄρειος Epirus, Ἄρειος πάγος Athens, deriv. ᾽Αρεοπαγίτης). Name Ἀρητάδης (Bechtel Namenstud. 11).
Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
Etymology: The ancient grammarians and lexicographers (e. g. EM 140) connected ἀρή Schaden, Unheil, Verderben, cf. ἄρος βλάβος ἀκούσιον H. The connection is improbable: IE origin of such a name is not to be expected. On the flection Schulze Q.454ff., Bechtel (above) and Kretschmer Glotta 15, 197
Middle Liddell
short α in Hom., except in voc. Ἆρες: in Aesch. long or short.]
I. Ares, called by the Latins Mars, son of Zeus and Hera, god of war and slaughter, also of strife and pestilence, Hom., Trag.
II. in Poets, as appellat., war, battle, discord, slaughter, ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα Il; Ἄρης ἐμφύλιος, Ἄ. τιθασός civil war, Aesch.
2. warlike spirit, Trag. [The Root !αρ, appears also in ἀρετή, the first notion of goodness (virtus) being that of manhood, bravery in war.]
Frisk Etymology German
Ἄρης: Ἄρεως usw. (zur Flexion Schwyzer 576),
{Árēs}
Forms: böot. lesb. Ἄρευς,
Meaning: der griech. Kriegsgott, auch Rache- und Schwurgott (Arkadien, Athen usw., s. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 195ff.), metonymisch für Krieg (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 152f.).
Derivative: Davon das Femininum Ἄρεια in ark. τὰν Ἀθάναν τὰν Ἄρειαν und das Adjektiv Ἄρειος, ion. Ἀρήϊος, lesb. Ἀρεύϊος (Ζεὺς Ἄρειος Epirus, Ἄρειος πάγος Athen). Außerdem der Name Ἀρητάδης (Bechtel Namenstud. 11).
Etymology : Vgl. noch Kretschmer Glotta 15, 197. Wahrscheinlich mit den alten Grammatikern und Lexikographen (z. B. EM 140) zu ἀρή Schaden, Unheil, Verderben, vgl. noch mit Schulze Q. 454ff. ἄρος· βλάβος ἀκούσιον H. Die Stammbildung ist indessen noch nicht aufgeklärt: weder der Versuch von Schulze l. c., die verschiedenen Flexionsformen auf verschiedene Stammformen zurückzuführen, noch die Hypothese Bechtels l. c., darin (wie in ἀρή) einen alten ē-Stamm zu sehen, kann als überzeugend betrachtet werden. — Verfehlt Fennell ClassRev. 13, 306; Ehrlich KZ 38, 90ff.
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