percipio: Difference between revisions
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{{LaEn | |||
|lnetxt=percipio percipere, percepi, perceptus V :: [[secure]], [[gain]]; [[perceive]], [[learn]], [[feel]] | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>per-cĭpĭo</b>: cēpi, ceptum, 3 (old form of the<br /><b>I</b> pluperf. percepset for percepisset, Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98; v. Trag. Rel. p. 207 Rib.), v. a. [[capio]], to [[take]] [[wholly]], to [[seize]] [[entirely]] (cf. [[occupo]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> To [[take]] [[possession]] of, to [[seize]], [[occupy]]: mihi [[horror]] [[misero]] membra percipit dictis tuis, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 66: priusquam percipit (eum) [[insania]], id. Men. 5, 5, 22; id. Stich. 2, 2, 17: [[neque]] urbis [[odium]] me [[umquam]] percipit, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2: vitae percipit humanos [[odium]], Lucr. 3, 80; 5, 605.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[take]] to one's [[self]], to [[assume]]: varii [[sensus]] animantibus insunt, quorum [[quisque]] suam [[proprie]] rem percipit in se, Lucr. 6, 985: rigorem, Ov. M. 4, 745: colorem, Plin. 21, 5, 13, § 26: sucum thymi, Col. 11, 3, 40.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[get]], [[obtain]], [[receive]]: serere, percipere, condere [[fructus]], to [[gather]], [[collect]], Cic. Sen. 7, 24: praemia, Caes. B. C. 2, 32: fructum ex oleā, Plin. 15, 1, 1, § 3: civitatem ab [[aliquo]], Just. 43, 5, 13: hereditatem, Suet. Tib. 15; Petr. 141.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (so [[most]] freq. in [[class]]. lang.; syn.: [[sentio]], [[intellego]], [[comprehendo]]).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[perceive]], [[observe]]: ne, [[quod]] hic agimus, [[erus]] percipiat fieri, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 2: [[quod]] [[neque]] oculis, [[neque]] auribus, [[neque]] ullo sensu percipi potest, Cic. Or. 2, 8: crebraeque [[nunc]] querelae, [[nunc]] [[minae]] percipiebantur, were [[heard]], Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 2, 3, 5: quae dicam, i. e. [[hear]], Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27: et aures, cum sonum percipere debeant, id. N. D. 2, 56, 141; so, percipe auribus, [[hear]], [[give]] [[ear]], Vulg. Psa. 16, 1 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[feel]]: [[neque]] majorem voluptatem ex infinito tempore aetatis percipi posse, [[quam]] ex hoc percipiatur, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63: voluptatem, id. ib. 1, 11, 37: [[luctus]], id. Fam. 14, 11: dolores, id. ib. 14, 11: gaudia, Ov. P. 2, 1, 60.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[learn]], [[know]], [[conceive]], [[comprehend]], [[understand]], [[perceive]], etc.: res [[percepta]] et cognita, Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: percipere et comprehendere, id. ib. 2, 8, 26: cognosci et percipi posse, id. Fin. 1, 19, 64: aliquid [[animo]], id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: [[artificium]] aliquod, id. ib. 1, 28, 127: virtutem et humanitatem, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10: philosophiam, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219: praecepta artis, id. Off. 1, 18, 60: omnium civium nomina perceperat, knew, id. Sen. 7, 21: [[nomen]] Graecum, sed perceptum usu a nostris, [[known]], id. N. D. 2, 36, 91.—Hence, [[perceptus]], a, um, P. a., perceived, observed.—Hence, subst.: percep-ta, ōrum, n., doctrines, principles, rules of an [[art]] or [[science]]: [[percepta]] [[appello]], quae dicuntur Graecis θεωρήματα, Cic. Fat. 6, 11. —Sing.: pro percepto liquere, as proved, [[certain]], Gell. 14, 1, 11. | |lshtext=<b>per-cĭpĭo</b>: cēpi, ceptum, 3 (old form of the<br /><b>I</b> pluperf. percepset for percepisset, Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98; v. Trag. Rel. p. 207 Rib.), v. a. [[capio]], to [[take]] [[wholly]], to [[seize]] [[entirely]] (cf. [[occupo]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> To [[take]] [[possession]] of, to [[seize]], [[occupy]]: mihi [[horror]] [[misero]] membra percipit dictis tuis, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 66: priusquam percipit (eum) [[insania]], id. Men. 5, 5, 22; id. Stich. 2, 2, 17: [[neque]] urbis [[odium]] me [[umquam]] percipit, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2: vitae percipit humanos [[odium]], Lucr. 3, 80; 5, 605.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[take]] to one's [[self]], to [[assume]]: varii [[sensus]] animantibus insunt, quorum [[quisque]] suam [[proprie]] rem percipit in se, Lucr. 6, 985: rigorem, Ov. M. 4, 745: colorem, Plin. 21, 5, 13, § 26: sucum thymi, Col. 11, 3, 40.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[get]], [[obtain]], [[receive]]: serere, percipere, condere [[fructus]], to [[gather]], [[collect]], Cic. Sen. 7, 24: praemia, Caes. B. C. 2, 32: fructum ex oleā, Plin. 15, 1, 1, § 3: civitatem ab [[aliquo]], Just. 43, 5, 13: hereditatem, Suet. Tib. 15; Petr. 141.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (so [[most]] freq. in [[class]]. lang.; syn.: [[sentio]], [[intellego]], [[comprehendo]]).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[perceive]], [[observe]]: ne, [[quod]] hic agimus, [[erus]] percipiat fieri, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 2: [[quod]] [[neque]] oculis, [[neque]] auribus, [[neque]] ullo sensu percipi potest, Cic. Or. 2, 8: crebraeque [[nunc]] querelae, [[nunc]] [[minae]] percipiebantur, were [[heard]], Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 2, 3, 5: quae dicam, i. e. [[hear]], Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27: et aures, cum sonum percipere debeant, id. N. D. 2, 56, 141; so, percipe auribus, [[hear]], [[give]] [[ear]], Vulg. Psa. 16, 1 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[feel]]: [[neque]] majorem voluptatem ex infinito tempore aetatis percipi posse, [[quam]] ex hoc percipiatur, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63: voluptatem, id. ib. 1, 11, 37: [[luctus]], id. Fam. 14, 11: dolores, id. ib. 14, 11: gaudia, Ov. P. 2, 1, 60.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[learn]], [[know]], [[conceive]], [[comprehend]], [[understand]], [[perceive]], etc.: res [[percepta]] et cognita, Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: percipere et comprehendere, id. ib. 2, 8, 26: cognosci et percipi posse, id. Fin. 1, 19, 64: aliquid [[animo]], id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: [[artificium]] aliquod, id. ib. 1, 28, 127: virtutem et humanitatem, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10: philosophiam, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219: praecepta artis, id. Off. 1, 18, 60: omnium civium nomina perceperat, knew, id. Sen. 7, 21: [[nomen]] Graecum, sed perceptum usu a nostris, [[known]], id. N. D. 2, 36, 91.—Hence, [[perceptus]], a, um, P. a., perceived, observed.—Hence, subst.: percep-ta, ōrum, n., doctrines, principles, rules of an [[art]] or [[science]]: [[percepta]] [[appello]], quae dicuntur Graecis θεωρήματα, Cic. Fat. 6, 11. —Sing.: pro percepto liquere, as proved, [[certain]], Gell. 14, 1, 11. | ||
}} | |||
{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>percĭpĭō</b>,⁹ cēpī, ceptum, ĕre ([[per]] et [[capio]]), tr.,<br /><b>1</b> s’emparer de, se saisir de : [[odium]] me percipit Ter. Eun. 972, le dégoût s’empare de moi, cf. Pl. Truc. 462 ; Lucr. 3, 80 ; 5, 605<br /><b>2</b> prendre [sur soi] : in se Lucr. 6, 985, recueillir en soi<br /><b>3</b> recueillir, recevoir : [[fructus]] Cic. CM 24, recueillir les fruits ; officii præmia Cæs. C. 2, 32, 6, recevoir la récompense du devoir accompli || [[nomen]] usu perceptum Cic. Nat. 2, 91, mot reçu dans l’usage, cf. Cic. Fin. 3, 5 ; Nat. 1, 36<br /><b>4</b> percevoir, éprouver : [[aliquid]] auribus, oculis, [[aliquo]] sensu Cic. Or. 8, percevoir qqch. par l’ouïe, la vue, par qqn des sens ; voluptates, dolores Cic. Fin. 2, 115 ; Fam. 14, 1, 1, éprouver des plaisirs, des douleurs || recueillir, écouter, apprendre : percipite quæ dicam Cic. Cat. 1, 27, écoutez mes paroles ; [[percepta]] oratione eorum Cæs. G. 5, 1, 8, ayant écouté leur discours ; [[percepta]] Treverorum [[fuga]] Cæs. G. 6, 8, 7, ayant appris la fuite des Trévires<br /><b>5</b> recueillir par l’intelligence, se pénétrer de : philosophiam, artis præcepta Cic. de Or. 1, 219 ; Off. 1, 60, se pénétrer de la [[philosophie]], des préceptes d’un art ; omnium civium nomina perceperat Cic. CM 21, il savait par cœur les noms de tous les citoyens<br /><b>6</b> [phil.] connaître avec certitude : Cic. Ac. 1, 44 ; 2, 66, etc., cf. [[perceptio]] || artis [[percepta]] Cic. Fato 11, connaissances certaines et fondamentales d’une science, bases scientifiques ; [[pro]] percepto liquere alicui Gell. 14, 1, 11, avoir pour qqn la valeur d’une vérité incontestable. [[percepset]] = percepisset Poet. d. Cic. Off. 3, 98.||[[nomen]] usu perceptum Cic. Nat. 2, 91, mot reçu dans l’usage, cf. Cic. Fin. 3, 5 ; Nat. 1, 36<br /><b>4</b> percevoir, éprouver : [[aliquid]] auribus, oculis, [[aliquo]] sensu Cic. Or. 8, percevoir qqch. par l’ouïe, la vue, par qqn des sens ; voluptates, dolores Cic. Fin. 2, 115 ; Fam. 14, 1, 1, éprouver des plaisirs, des douleurs||recueillir, écouter, apprendre : percipite quæ dicam Cic. Cat. 1, 27, écoutez mes paroles ; [[percepta]] oratione eorum Cæs. G. 5, 1, 8, ayant écouté leur discours ; [[percepta]] Treverorum [[fuga]] Cæs. G. 6, 8, 7, ayant appris la fuite des Trévires<br /><b>5</b> recueillir par l’intelligence, se pénétrer de : philosophiam, artis præcepta Cic. de Or. 1, 219 ; Off. 1, 60, se pénétrer de la [[philosophie]], des préceptes d’un art ; omnium civium nomina perceperat Cic. CM 21, il savait par cœur les noms de tous les citoyens<br /><b>6</b> [phil.] connaître avec certitude : Cic. Ac. 1, 44 ; 2, 66, etc., cf. [[perceptio]]| | |||
|artis [[percepta]] Cic. Fato 11, connaissances certaines et fondamentales d’une science, bases scientifiques ; [[pro]] percepto liquere alicui Gell. 14, 1, 11, avoir pour qqn la valeur d’une vérité incontestable. [[percepset]]=percepisset Poet. d. Cic. Off. 3, 98. | |||
}} | |||
{{Georges | |||
|georg=percipio, cēpī, ceptum, ere (per u. [[capio]]), I) [[einnehmen]], in [[Besitz]] [[nehmen]], [[sich]] [[bemächtigen]], A) eig.: [[ardor]] percipit [[aëra]], Lucr. – B) übtr.: [[urbis]] [[odium]] me percipit, Ter.: percipit me [[voluptas]] [[atque]] [[horror]], Lucr. – II) an [[sich]] [[nehmen]], A) eig.: 1) übh., [[annehmen]], auras, [[von]] einem Fliegenden, [[Luft]] [[schöpfen]], Ov.: [[sensus]] percipit rem in se, Lucr.: sucum, Colum.: colorem, Plin.: cibum, [[essen]], Veget. mul. – 2) in [[Empfang]] [[nehmen]], [[bekommen]], [[empfangen]], [[fructus]], [[einsammeln]], Cic.: lanas, Colum.: vectigalia, Plin.: [[arteria]], per [[quam]] [[vox]] percipitur, Cic.: praemia, [[bekommen]], [[genießen]], Caes. – bildl., percipere magnos [[fructus]] ex [[amicitia]] alcis, Curt. – B) übtr.: 1) [[bemerken]], [[wahrnehmen]], [[vernehmen]], [[hören]], [[empfinden]], oculis, auribus, sensibus, Cic.: sonum, Cic.: voluptatem, Cic.: querelas, Liv.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, percipite, [[quae]] dicam, Cic.: percipe, [[quid]] dubitem, Verg.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., [[vix]] [[tandem]] [[percepi]] [[super]] his rebus nostris te loqui, Plaut. most. 727. – 2) [[geistig]] in [[sich]] [[aufnehmen]], a) = [[sich]] [[aneignen]], [[lernen]], [[erlernen]], im Perfektum = [[wissen]], usum [[eius]] generis, Caes.: praecepta [[artis]], Cic.: philosophiam, Cic.: pauca, Cic.: omnium civium nomina perceperat (wußte), Cic.: principum philosophorum [[ita]] [[percepta]] habuit praecepta, ut etc., hatte [[sich]] so zu [[eigen]] gemacht, daß er usw., Nep.: [[quod]] [[enim]] [[ipse]] [[celeriter]] adripuit, id cum [[tarde]] percipi videt, discruciatur, Cic.: dah. [[nomen]] perceptum usu a nostris, [[bekannt]], [[geläufig]] den Unseren, Cic. – b) [[auffassen]], [[erfassen]] = [[begreifen]], [[deutlich]] [[einsehen]], alqd [[animo]], Cic.: [[vis]] percipiendi, Quint.: [[ratio]] ipsis ([[von]] ihnen [[selbst]]) [[percepta]], Curt.: dah. propercepto alci liquere, jmdm. [[als]] unumstößlicher [[Satz]] [[gelten]], Gell. 14, 1, 11: u. [[percepta]] [[artis]], [[durch]] [[Betrachtung]] u. [[Untersuchung]] gefundene Lehrsätze, Grundsätze, Regeln in [[Kunst]] u. [[Wissenschaft]], Cic. de fato 11 (wo er das griech. θεορήματα übersetzt). – / Synk. Perf. percepsti, Mart. 7, 56, 1. – Poëta trag. [[bei]] Cic. de off. 3, 98 M.<sup>2</sup> (= Tragic. fr. inc. 59) [[lesen]] [[Müller]] u. Ribbeck [[jetzt]] perspexet. | |||
}} | |||
{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=percipio, is, cepi, ceptum, cipere. 3. (''capio''.) :: 取。收。曉。覺。悟。— tructus 收割五穀。— nomina civium 全記各縉紳之名。— dolorem 覺疼。— jucunditatem 喜歡。Odium me percipit 不勝恨。Fames percipit ventris medullam 餓至肚底。 | |||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 21:30, 12 June 2024
Latin > English
percipio percipere, percepi, perceptus V :: secure, gain; perceive, learn, feel
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
per-cĭpĭo: cēpi, ceptum, 3 (old form of the
I pluperf. percepset for percepisset, Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98; v. Trag. Rel. p. 207 Rib.), v. a. capio, to take wholly, to seize entirely (cf. occupo).
I Lit.
A To take possession of, to seize, occupy: mihi horror misero membra percipit dictis tuis, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 66: priusquam percipit (eum) insania, id. Men. 5, 5, 22; id. Stich. 2, 2, 17: neque urbis odium me umquam percipit, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2: vitae percipit humanos odium, Lucr. 3, 80; 5, 605.—
B To take to one's self, to assume: varii sensus animantibus insunt, quorum quisque suam proprie rem percipit in se, Lucr. 6, 985: rigorem, Ov. M. 4, 745: colorem, Plin. 21, 5, 13, § 26: sucum thymi, Col. 11, 3, 40.—
C To get, obtain, receive: serere, percipere, condere fructus, to gather, collect, Cic. Sen. 7, 24: praemia, Caes. B. C. 2, 32: fructum ex oleā, Plin. 15, 1, 1, § 3: civitatem ab aliquo, Just. 43, 5, 13: hereditatem, Suet. Tib. 15; Petr. 141.—
II Trop. (so most freq. in class. lang.; syn.: sentio, intellego, comprehendo).
A To perceive, observe: ne, quod hic agimus, erus percipiat fieri, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 2: quod neque oculis, neque auribus, neque ullo sensu percipi potest, Cic. Or. 2, 8: crebraeque nunc querelae, nunc minae percipiebantur, were heard, Caes. B. C. 3, 84; Liv. 2, 3, 5: quae dicam, i. e. hear, Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27: et aures, cum sonum percipere debeant, id. N. D. 2, 56, 141; so, percipe auribus, hear, give ear, Vulg. Psa. 16, 1 et saep.—
B To feel: neque majorem voluptatem ex infinito tempore aetatis percipi posse, quam ex hoc percipiatur, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63: voluptatem, id. ib. 1, 11, 37: luctus, id. Fam. 14, 11: dolores, id. ib. 14, 11: gaudia, Ov. P. 2, 1, 60.—
C To learn, know, conceive, comprehend, understand, perceive, etc.: res percepta et cognita, Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: percipere et comprehendere, id. ib. 2, 8, 26: cognosci et percipi posse, id. Fin. 1, 19, 64: aliquid animo, id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: artificium aliquod, id. ib. 1, 28, 127: virtutem et humanitatem, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10: philosophiam, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219: praecepta artis, id. Off. 1, 18, 60: omnium civium nomina perceperat, knew, id. Sen. 7, 21: nomen Graecum, sed perceptum usu a nostris, known, id. N. D. 2, 36, 91.—Hence, perceptus, a, um, P. a., perceived, observed.—Hence, subst.: percep-ta, ōrum, n., doctrines, principles, rules of an art or science: percepta appello, quae dicuntur Graecis θεωρήματα, Cic. Fat. 6, 11. —Sing.: pro percepto liquere, as proved, certain, Gell. 14, 1, 11.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
percĭpĭō,⁹ cēpī, ceptum, ĕre (per et capio), tr.,
1 s’emparer de, se saisir de : odium me percipit Ter. Eun. 972, le dégoût s’empare de moi, cf. Pl. Truc. 462 ; Lucr. 3, 80 ; 5, 605
2 prendre [sur soi] : in se Lucr. 6, 985, recueillir en soi
3 recueillir, recevoir : fructus Cic. CM 24, recueillir les fruits ; officii præmia Cæs. C. 2, 32, 6, recevoir la récompense du devoir accompli || nomen usu perceptum Cic. Nat. 2, 91, mot reçu dans l’usage, cf. Cic. Fin. 3, 5 ; Nat. 1, 36
4 percevoir, éprouver : aliquid auribus, oculis, aliquo sensu Cic. Or. 8, percevoir qqch. par l’ouïe, la vue, par qqn des sens ; voluptates, dolores Cic. Fin. 2, 115 ; Fam. 14, 1, 1, éprouver des plaisirs, des douleurs || recueillir, écouter, apprendre : percipite quæ dicam Cic. Cat. 1, 27, écoutez mes paroles ; percepta oratione eorum Cæs. G. 5, 1, 8, ayant écouté leur discours ; percepta Treverorum fuga Cæs. G. 6, 8, 7, ayant appris la fuite des Trévires
5 recueillir par l’intelligence, se pénétrer de : philosophiam, artis præcepta Cic. de Or. 1, 219 ; Off. 1, 60, se pénétrer de la philosophie, des préceptes d’un art ; omnium civium nomina perceperat Cic. CM 21, il savait par cœur les noms de tous les citoyens
6 [phil.] connaître avec certitude : Cic. Ac. 1, 44 ; 2, 66, etc., cf. perceptio || artis percepta Cic. Fato 11, connaissances certaines et fondamentales d’une science, bases scientifiques ; pro percepto liquere alicui Gell. 14, 1, 11, avoir pour qqn la valeur d’une vérité incontestable. percepset = percepisset Poet. d. Cic. Off. 3, 98.
Latin > German (Georges)
percipio, cēpī, ceptum, ere (per u. capio), I) einnehmen, in Besitz nehmen, sich bemächtigen, A) eig.: ardor percipit aëra, Lucr. – B) übtr.: urbis odium me percipit, Ter.: percipit me voluptas atque horror, Lucr. – II) an sich nehmen, A) eig.: 1) übh., annehmen, auras, von einem Fliegenden, Luft schöpfen, Ov.: sensus percipit rem in se, Lucr.: sucum, Colum.: colorem, Plin.: cibum, essen, Veget. mul. – 2) in Empfang nehmen, bekommen, empfangen, fructus, einsammeln, Cic.: lanas, Colum.: vectigalia, Plin.: arteria, per quam vox percipitur, Cic.: praemia, bekommen, genießen, Caes. – bildl., percipere magnos fructus ex amicitia alcis, Curt. – B) übtr.: 1) bemerken, wahrnehmen, vernehmen, hören, empfinden, oculis, auribus, sensibus, Cic.: sonum, Cic.: voluptatem, Cic.: querelas, Liv.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, percipite, quae dicam, Cic.: percipe, quid dubitem, Verg.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., vix tandem percepi super his rebus nostris te loqui, Plaut. most. 727. – 2) geistig in sich aufnehmen, a) = sich aneignen, lernen, erlernen, im Perfektum = wissen, usum eius generis, Caes.: praecepta artis, Cic.: philosophiam, Cic.: pauca, Cic.: omnium civium nomina perceperat (wußte), Cic.: principum philosophorum ita percepta habuit praecepta, ut etc., hatte sich so zu eigen gemacht, daß er usw., Nep.: quod enim ipse celeriter adripuit, id cum tarde percipi videt, discruciatur, Cic.: dah. nomen perceptum usu a nostris, bekannt, geläufig den Unseren, Cic. – b) auffassen, erfassen = begreifen, deutlich einsehen, alqd animo, Cic.: vis percipiendi, Quint.: ratio ipsis (von ihnen selbst) percepta, Curt.: dah. propercepto alci liquere, jmdm. als unumstößlicher Satz gelten, Gell. 14, 1, 11: u. percepta artis, durch Betrachtung u. Untersuchung gefundene Lehrsätze, Grundsätze, Regeln in Kunst u. Wissenschaft, Cic. de fato 11 (wo er das griech. θεορήματα übersetzt). – / Synk. Perf. percepsti, Mart. 7, 56, 1. – Poëta trag. bei Cic. de off. 3, 98 M.2 (= Tragic. fr. inc. 59) lesen Müller u. Ribbeck jetzt perspexet.
Latin > Chinese
percipio, is, cepi, ceptum, cipere. 3. (capio.) :: 取。收。曉。覺。悟。— tructus 收割五穀。— nomina civium 全記各縉紳之名。— dolorem 覺疼。— jucunditatem 喜歡。Odium me percipit 不勝恨。Fames percipit ventris medullam 餓至肚底。