calculus: Difference between revisions
στάζει γὰρ αὖ μοι φοίνιον τόδ᾽ἐκ βυθοῦ κηκῖον αἷμα → blood oozing from the deep wound, bloody gore drops oozing from the depths of my wound
(1) |
m (Text replacement - "(?s)({{Lewis.*}}\n)({{.*}}\n)({{LaEn.*}}$)" to "$3 $1$2") |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{LaEn | |||
|lnetxt=calculus calculi N M :: counter; small weight; live coal (Def)<br />calculus calculus calculi N M :: pebble; (bladder) stone; piece for reckoning/voting/game; calculation | |||
}} | |||
{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>calcŭlus</b>: i, m.<br /> [[dim]]. 2. [[calx]]; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.<br /><b>I</b> In gen., a [[small]] [[stone]], a [[pebble]]: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: [[Demosthenes]] calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: [[argilla]] et dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[gravel]] in the [[thorny]] fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., of [[discourse]]: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[stone]] in the [[bladder]] or [[kidneys]], the [[gravel]], [[stone]], Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —<br /> <b>B</b> A draughtsman, a [[stone]] or [[counter]] used in playing [[draughts]]. called [[duodecim]] scripta, in [[which]], as in chess, by [[driving]] a [[piece]] from one [[square]] to [[another]], the [[person]] [[beaten]] could not [[finally]] [[move]] at all (ad incitas [[redactus]] est): in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: calculum reducere, to [[take]] [[back]] a [[move]]: [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re [[nunc]] [[saltem]] ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of [[action]], id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[stone]] used in [[reckoning]] on the [[counting]]-[[board]]; [[hence]] meton., a [[reckoning]], computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to [[compute]], [[reckon]], [[cast]] up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum [[aliquo]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est [[calculus]], id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to [[subject]] to an [[accurate]] [[reckoning]], [[hold]] to a [[strict]] [[account]], Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum [[respublica]] vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: [[ratio]] calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to [[render]] [[equal]] for [[equal]], Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations [[which]] I [[have]] suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the [[most]] [[ancient]] per., a [[stone]] used in voting; a [[vote]], [[sentence]], [[decision]], [[suffrage]]; a [[white]] one for [[assent]] or [[acquittal]], a [[black]] for [[denial]] or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an [[adverse]] [[decision]], Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a [[unanimous]] [[vote]], App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si [[modo]] tu [[fortasse]] errori nostro [[album]] calculum adjeceris, i. e. [[approve]], Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—<br /> <b>E</b> The Thracians were [[accustomed]] to [[preserve]] the [[recollection]] of [[fortunate]] occurrences by [[white]] stones, and of [[unfortunate]] by [[black]], Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo [[calculo]]! i. e. a [[most]] [[happy]] [[day]]! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[late]] Lat., a [[small]] [[weight]]: [[calculus]] [[constat]] ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called [[calcus]]). | |lshtext=<b>calcŭlus</b>: i, m.<br /> [[dim]]. 2. [[calx]]; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.<br /><b>I</b> In gen., a [[small]] [[stone]], a [[pebble]]: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: [[Demosthenes]] calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: [[argilla]] et dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[gravel]] in the [[thorny]] fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., of [[discourse]]: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> A [[stone]] in the [[bladder]] or [[kidneys]], the [[gravel]], [[stone]], Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —<br /> <b>B</b> A draughtsman, a [[stone]] or [[counter]] used in playing [[draughts]]. called [[duodecim]] scripta, in [[which]], as in chess, by [[driving]] a [[piece]] from one [[square]] to [[another]], the [[person]] [[beaten]] could not [[finally]] [[move]] at all (ad incitas [[redactus]] est): in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: calculum reducere, to [[take]] [[back]] a [[move]]: [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re [[nunc]] [[saltem]] ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of [[action]], id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[stone]] used in [[reckoning]] on the [[counting]]-[[board]]; [[hence]] meton., a [[reckoning]], computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to [[compute]], [[reckon]], [[cast]] up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum [[aliquo]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est [[calculus]], id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to [[subject]] to an [[accurate]] [[reckoning]], [[hold]] to a [[strict]] [[account]], Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum [[respublica]] vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: [[ratio]] calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to [[render]] [[equal]] for [[equal]], Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations [[which]] I [[have]] suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—<br /> <b>D</b> In the [[most]] [[ancient]] per., a [[stone]] used in voting; a [[vote]], [[sentence]], [[decision]], [[suffrage]]; a [[white]] one for [[assent]] or [[acquittal]], a [[black]] for [[denial]] or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an [[adverse]] [[decision]], Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a [[unanimous]] [[vote]], App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si [[modo]] tu [[fortasse]] errori nostro [[album]] calculum adjeceris, i. e. [[approve]], Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—<br /> <b>E</b> The Thracians were [[accustomed]] to [[preserve]] the [[recollection]] of [[fortunate]] occurrences by [[white]] stones, and of [[unfortunate]] by [[black]], Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo [[calculo]]! i. e. a [[most]] [[happy]] [[day]]! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[late]] Lat., a [[small]] [[weight]]: [[calculus]] [[constat]] ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called [[calcus]]). | ||
| Line 7: | Line 10: | ||
{{Georges | {{Georges | ||
|georg=calculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. 2. [[calx]]), der kleine [[Stein]], das [[Steinchen]], I) im allg.: calculos conicere in os, Cic.: [[tenui]] venulā per calculos fluere (im Bilde, v. Redeflusse), Quint.: calculi arenae, Sandkörnchen, Vulg.: calculi [[calcis]], Klümper im [[Kalk]], Vitr.: dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[Kies]] im Dornengefild, Verg. – II) insbes.: A) der [[Stein]] der Urinblase, [[humanus]], Plin.: [[arenosus]], Cels.: calculum frangere, rumpere, Plin.: calculum eximere, evellere, Cels.: calculum comminuere et eicere, Plin.: vesicae dolore calculis per urinam eiectis levari, Suet.: calculi dolore consumi, Liv. epit. – B) der [[Stein]] in den latrunculorum u. [[duodecim]] scriptorum [[ludus]] ([[lusus]]) genannten Brettspielen, dergl. Steine kleine Figuren aus [[Glas]] (vitrei), aus [[Edelstein]] (gemmei), aus [[Elfenbein]] (c. eburnei, ex ebore), od. aus [[Wachs]] (c. cerei od. cerā ficti) waren, deren jede [[Partei]] in der [[Farbe]] verschiedene (dah. bicolores, discolores) hatte, [[nämlich]] die eine weiße (c. albi), die [[andere]] schwarze (c. nigri), die im latrunc. [[ludus]], da es [[ein]] Kriegsspiel war, [[bald]] im allg. calculi, [[bald]] [[speziell]] milites od. bellatores od. latrones od. gew. latrunculi (dah. latrunculis ludere), im duod. script. [[ludus]], [[obwohl]] es [[ebenfalls]] [[als]] eine [[Art]] Kriegsspiel [[genannt]] wird, gew. bl. calculi [[heißen]], s. Marquardt-Mau, [[Privatleben]]<sup>2</sup> S. 854 ff. Becker-Göll, [[Gallus]] 3, 468. – calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. chron. 1, 5, 165: laxare animum lusu calculorum, Plin. ep.: in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset ([[zuerst]] gezogen hatte) etc., Quint.: [[quomodo]] alligatus ([[matt]] gesetzte) exeat [[calculus]], Sen. ep. 117, 30: cum [[medius]] [[gemino]] [[calculus]] hoste perit, Ov. trist. 2, 478: [[quis]] te [[duce]] cessit [[calculus]]? [[Laus]] Pisonis 196: im Bilde, [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in [[duodecim]] scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas ([[einen]] [[Stein]] [[wieder]] zurückziehst = eine [[Handlung]] zurücknimmst), si te alicuius dati (gezogenen) [[paenitet]], Cic. fr. philos. F. V, 60 M. – C) der Rechenstein [[auf]] dem [[Rechenbrett]]; dah. meton. die [[Rechnung]], [[Berechnung]], calculi et rationes, Quint.: calculi [[error]], ICt.: causae paucorum calculorum, Prozesse [[über]] geringe Geldsummen, Bagatellen, Quint.: calculum ponere, s. pōno no. I, 1, f: vocare alqm ad calculos, [[mit]] jmd. [[abrechnen]], Liv.: [[exiliter]] vocare amicitiam ad calculos, [[einer]] förmlichen [[Berechnung]] [[unterwerfen]], d.i. [[nicht]] [[mehr]] Gefälligkeiten [[erweisen]], [[als]] [[man]] empfängt, Cic.: voluptatum calculis subductis [[proelium]] inire, [[nachdem]] [[sie]] das [[Fazit]] der [[Lust]] gezogen (= [[nachdem]] [[sie]] den wahrscheinlichen [[Gewinn]] an [[Lust]] [[genau]] berechnet), Cic.: ad illos calculos revertamur, zu jenen Berechnungen, Maximen, Cic. ad Att. 8, 12, 5. – D) in der ältesten [[Zeit]] der Votierstein ([[wie]] [[später]] die Votiertafel), u. [[zwar]] [[ein]] weißer [[für]] Beistimmung [[oder]] [[Freisprechung]], [[ein]] schwarzer [[für]] [[Verwerfung]] od. Verurteilung, Ov. [[met]]. 15, 41 sq.: dah. c. [[iudicialis]], Cod. Iust.: deteriorem calculum reportare, Cod. Iust. – übtr., calculis omnibus, [[einstimmig]], Apul. [[met]]. 7, 9: [[album]] calculum adicere errori nostro, seinen [[Beifall]] [[geben]], [[begünstigen]], Plin. ep. 1, 2, 5. – E) die Thrazier pflegten [[durch]] weiße [[Steinchen]] die [[Erinnerung]] an glückliche, [[durch]] schwarze die an unglückliche Ereignisse zu [[bewahren]], Plin. 7, 131. – dah. bildl., o diem [[laetum]] notandumque [[mihi]] candidissimo [[calculo]], Plin. ep. 6, 11, 3. – F) [[ein]] kleines [[Gewicht]], Gromat. vet. de ponder. p. 373, 21. – / Nbf. [[cauculus]], Itala (Wirzeb.) thren. 3, 16. Anthol. Lat. ed. [[Riese]] 96, 1; 193, 3; 196, 8 cod. Salmas. – Nbf. calculum, Gloss.; s. Wölfflins [[Archiv]] 4, 180. | |georg=calculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. 2. [[calx]]), der kleine [[Stein]], das [[Steinchen]], I) im allg.: calculos conicere in os, Cic.: [[tenui]] venulā per calculos fluere (im Bilde, v. Redeflusse), Quint.: calculi arenae, Sandkörnchen, Vulg.: calculi [[calcis]], Klümper im [[Kalk]], Vitr.: dumosis [[calculus]] arvis, [[Kies]] im Dornengefild, Verg. – II) insbes.: A) der [[Stein]] der Urinblase, [[humanus]], Plin.: [[arenosus]], Cels.: calculum frangere, rumpere, Plin.: calculum eximere, evellere, Cels.: calculum comminuere et eicere, Plin.: vesicae dolore calculis per urinam eiectis levari, Suet.: calculi dolore consumi, Liv. epit. – B) der [[Stein]] in den latrunculorum u. [[duodecim]] scriptorum [[ludus]] ([[lusus]]) genannten Brettspielen, dergl. Steine kleine Figuren aus [[Glas]] (vitrei), aus [[Edelstein]] (gemmei), aus [[Elfenbein]] (c. eburnei, ex ebore), od. aus [[Wachs]] (c. cerei od. cerā ficti) waren, deren jede [[Partei]] in der [[Farbe]] verschiedene (dah. bicolores, discolores) hatte, [[nämlich]] die eine weiße (c. albi), die [[andere]] schwarze (c. nigri), die im latrunc. [[ludus]], da es [[ein]] Kriegsspiel war, [[bald]] im allg. calculi, [[bald]] [[speziell]] milites od. bellatores od. latrones od. gew. latrunculi (dah. latrunculis ludere), im duod. script. [[ludus]], [[obwohl]] es [[ebenfalls]] [[als]] eine [[Art]] Kriegsspiel [[genannt]] wird, gew. bl. calculi [[heißen]], s. Marquardt-Mau, [[Privatleben]]<sup>2</sup> S. 854 ff. Becker-Göll, [[Gallus]] 3, 468. – calculorum [[ludus]], Cael. Aur. chron. 1, 5, 165: laxare animum lusu calculorum, Plin. ep.: in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset ([[zuerst]] gezogen hatte) etc., Quint.: [[quomodo]] alligatus ([[matt]] gesetzte) exeat [[calculus]], Sen. ep. 117, 30: cum [[medius]] [[gemino]] [[calculus]] hoste perit, Ov. trist. 2, 478: [[quis]] te [[duce]] cessit [[calculus]]? [[Laus]] Pisonis 196: im Bilde, [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in [[duodecim]] scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas ([[einen]] [[Stein]] [[wieder]] zurückziehst = eine [[Handlung]] zurücknimmst), si te alicuius dati (gezogenen) [[paenitet]], Cic. fr. philos. F. V, 60 M. – C) der Rechenstein [[auf]] dem [[Rechenbrett]]; dah. meton. die [[Rechnung]], [[Berechnung]], calculi et rationes, Quint.: calculi [[error]], ICt.: causae paucorum calculorum, Prozesse [[über]] geringe Geldsummen, Bagatellen, Quint.: calculum ponere, s. pōno no. I, 1, f: vocare alqm ad calculos, [[mit]] jmd. [[abrechnen]], Liv.: [[exiliter]] vocare amicitiam ad calculos, [[einer]] förmlichen [[Berechnung]] [[unterwerfen]], d.i. [[nicht]] [[mehr]] Gefälligkeiten [[erweisen]], [[als]] [[man]] empfängt, Cic.: voluptatum calculis subductis [[proelium]] inire, [[nachdem]] [[sie]] das [[Fazit]] der [[Lust]] gezogen (= [[nachdem]] [[sie]] den wahrscheinlichen [[Gewinn]] an [[Lust]] [[genau]] berechnet), Cic.: ad illos calculos revertamur, zu jenen Berechnungen, Maximen, Cic. ad Att. 8, 12, 5. – D) in der ältesten [[Zeit]] der Votierstein ([[wie]] [[später]] die Votiertafel), u. [[zwar]] [[ein]] weißer [[für]] Beistimmung [[oder]] [[Freisprechung]], [[ein]] schwarzer [[für]] [[Verwerfung]] od. Verurteilung, Ov. [[met]]. 15, 41 sq.: dah. c. [[iudicialis]], Cod. Iust.: deteriorem calculum reportare, Cod. Iust. – übtr., calculis omnibus, [[einstimmig]], Apul. [[met]]. 7, 9: [[album]] calculum adicere errori nostro, seinen [[Beifall]] [[geben]], [[begünstigen]], Plin. ep. 1, 2, 5. – E) die Thrazier pflegten [[durch]] weiße [[Steinchen]] die [[Erinnerung]] an glückliche, [[durch]] schwarze die an unglückliche Ereignisse zu [[bewahren]], Plin. 7, 131. – dah. bildl., o diem [[laetum]] notandumque [[mihi]] candidissimo [[calculo]], Plin. ep. 6, 11, 3. – F) [[ein]] kleines [[Gewicht]], Gromat. vet. de ponder. p. 373, 21. – / Nbf. [[cauculus]], Itala (Wirzeb.) thren. 3, 16. Anthol. Lat. ed. [[Riese]] 96, 1; 193, 3; 196, 8 cod. Salmas. – Nbf. calculum, Gloss.; s. Wölfflins [[Archiv]] 4, 180. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 09:10, 19 October 2022
Latin > English
calculus calculi N M :: counter; small weight; live coal (Def)
calculus calculus calculi N M :: pebble; (bladder) stone; piece for reckoning/voting/game; calculation
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
calcŭlus: i, m.
dim. 2. calx; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46.
I In gen., a small stone, a pebble: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: Demosthenes calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: argilla et dumosis calculus arvis, gravel in the thorny fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—
B Trop., of discourse: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—
II Esp.
A A stone in the bladder or kidneys, the gravel, stone, Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, § 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, § 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —
B A draughtsman, a stone or counter used in playing draughts. called duodecim scripta, in which, as in chess, by driving a piece from one square to another, the person beaten could not finally move at all (ad incitas redactus est): in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum ludus, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—
2 Trop.: calculum reducere, to take back a move: tibi concedo, quod in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re nunc saltem ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of action, id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—
C A stone used in reckoning on the counting-board; hence meton., a reckoning, computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to compute, reckon, cast up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum aliquo, Plin. Pan. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est calculus, id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to subject to an accurate reckoning, hold to a strict account, Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum respublica vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: ratio calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—
2 Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to render equal for equal, Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations which I have suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—
D In the most ancient per., a stone used in voting; a vote, sentence, decision, suffrage; a white one for assent or acquittal, a black for denial or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an adverse decision, Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a unanimous vote, App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si modo tu fortasse errori nostro album calculum adjeceris, i. e. approve, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—
E The Thracians were accustomed to preserve the recollection of fortunate occurrences by white stones, and of unfortunate by black, Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,
2 Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo calculo! i. e. a most happy day! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—
F In late Lat., a small weight: calculus constat ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called calcus).
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
calcŭlus,¹¹ ī, m. (dimin. de calx 2 ), petite pierre
1 caillou : conjectis in os calculis Cic. de Or. 1, 261, s’étant mis des cailloux dans la. bouche ; dumosis calculus arvis Virg. G. 2, 180, des graviers dans un sol hérissé de buissons || calcul de la vessie, pierre, gravelle ( Isid. Orig. 4, 7, 32 ) : Cic. Div. 2, 143 ; Vitr. Arch. 8, 3, 17 ; Cels. Med. 2, 7, etc.
2 caillou pour voter : Ov. M. 15, 44 ; Apul. M. 10, 8, etc. ; [d’où] vote, suffrage : album calculum adjicere alicui rei Plin. Min. Ep. 1, 2, 5, accorder un vote favorable à qqch. (cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 ), donner une approbation à qqch. || caillou blanc [pour marquer les jours heureux] : Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 11, 3 (cf. Hor. O. 1, 36, 10 ; Plin. 7, 131 )
3 caillou, pion [d’une espèce de jeu de dames ou d’échecs] : calculum reducere Cic. Fr. F 5, 60, ramener un jeton en arrière ; promovere Quint. 11, 2, 38, le pousser en avant, cf. Ov. Ars 2, 207 ; 2, 478 ; 3, 358 ; Sen. Tranq. 14, 7 ; ut sciat, quomodo alligatus exeat calculus Sen. Ep. 117, 30, pour savoir comment un pion bloqué se tirera d’affaire
4 caillou de la table à calculer ( Isid. Orig. 10, 43 ), [d’où] calcul, compte : ad calculos aliquem vocare Liv. 5, 4, 7, inviter qqn à calculer (à faire un compte) ; ad calculos aliquid vocare Cic. Læl. 58, mettre qqch. en calcul, calculer qqch. ; calculos ponere Sen. Polyb. 9, 1 ( Plin. Min. Ep. 2, 19, 9 ), établir un calcul ; utrosque calculos ponere Sen. Ep. 81, 6, faire des comptes en partie double || [fig.] voluptatum calculis subductis Cic. Fin. 2, 60, après avoir fait un calcul des plaisirs ; ad calculos amicitiam vocare Cic. Læl. 58, soumettre l’amitié à un calcul exact
5 cailloux des escamoteurs : Sen. Ep. 45, 8
6 poids le plus faible possible : Grom. p. 373, 21.
Latin > German (Georges)
calculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. 2. calx), der kleine Stein, das Steinchen, I) im allg.: calculos conicere in os, Cic.: tenui venulā per calculos fluere (im Bilde, v. Redeflusse), Quint.: calculi arenae, Sandkörnchen, Vulg.: calculi calcis, Klümper im Kalk, Vitr.: dumosis calculus arvis, Kies im Dornengefild, Verg. – II) insbes.: A) der Stein der Urinblase, humanus, Plin.: arenosus, Cels.: calculum frangere, rumpere, Plin.: calculum eximere, evellere, Cels.: calculum comminuere et eicere, Plin.: vesicae dolore calculis per urinam eiectis levari, Suet.: calculi dolore consumi, Liv. epit. – B) der Stein in den latrunculorum u. duodecim scriptorum ludus (lusus) genannten Brettspielen, dergl. Steine kleine Figuren aus Glas (vitrei), aus Edelstein (gemmei), aus Elfenbein (c. eburnei, ex ebore), od. aus Wachs (c. cerei od. cerā ficti) waren, deren jede Partei in der Farbe verschiedene (dah. bicolores, discolores) hatte, nämlich die eine weiße (c. albi), die andere schwarze (c. nigri), die im latrunc. ludus, da es ein Kriegsspiel war, bald im allg. calculi, bald speziell milites od. bellatores od. latrones od. gew. latrunculi (dah. latrunculis ludere), im duod. script. ludus, obwohl es ebenfalls als eine Art Kriegsspiel genannt wird, gew. bl. calculi heißen, s. Marquardt-Mau, Privatleben2 S. 854 ff. Becker-Göll, Gallus 3, 468. – calculorum ludus, Cael. Aur. chron. 1, 5, 165: laxare animum lusu calculorum, Plin. ep.: in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset (zuerst gezogen hatte) etc., Quint.: quomodo alligatus (matt gesetzte) exeat calculus, Sen. ep. 117, 30: cum medius gemino calculus hoste perit, Ov. trist. 2, 478: quis te duce cessit calculus? Laus Pisonis 196: im Bilde, tibi concedo, quod in duodecim scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas (einen Stein wieder zurückziehst = eine Handlung zurücknimmst), si te alicuius dati (gezogenen) paenitet, Cic. fr. philos. F. V, 60 M. – C) der Rechenstein auf dem Rechenbrett; dah. meton. die Rechnung, Berechnung, calculi et rationes, Quint.: calculi error, ICt.: causae paucorum calculorum, Prozesse über geringe Geldsummen, Bagatellen, Quint.: calculum ponere, s. pōno no. I, 1, f: vocare alqm ad calculos, mit jmd. abrechnen, Liv.: exiliter vocare amicitiam ad calculos, einer förmlichen Berechnung unterwerfen, d.i. nicht mehr Gefälligkeiten erweisen, als man empfängt, Cic.: voluptatum calculis subductis proelium inire, nachdem sie das Fazit der Lust gezogen (= nachdem sie den wahrscheinlichen Gewinn an Lust genau berechnet), Cic.: ad illos calculos revertamur, zu jenen Berechnungen, Maximen, Cic. ad Att. 8, 12, 5. – D) in der ältesten Zeit der Votierstein (wie später die Votiertafel), u. zwar ein weißer für Beistimmung oder Freisprechung, ein schwarzer für Verwerfung od. Verurteilung, Ov. met. 15, 41 sq.: dah. c. iudicialis, Cod. Iust.: deteriorem calculum reportare, Cod. Iust. – übtr., calculis omnibus, einstimmig, Apul. met. 7, 9: album calculum adicere errori nostro, seinen Beifall geben, begünstigen, Plin. ep. 1, 2, 5. – E) die Thrazier pflegten durch weiße Steinchen die Erinnerung an glückliche, durch schwarze die an unglückliche Ereignisse zu bewahren, Plin. 7, 131. – dah. bildl., o diem laetum notandumque mihi candidissimo calculo, Plin. ep. 6, 11, 3. – F) ein kleines Gewicht, Gromat. vet. de ponder. p. 373, 21. – / Nbf. cauculus, Itala (Wirzeb.) thren. 3, 16. Anthol. Lat. ed. Riese 96, 1; 193, 3; 196, 8 cod. Salmas. – Nbf. calculum, Gloss.; s. Wölfflins Archiv 4, 180.
