σταυρός

English (LSJ)

ὁ,

   A upright pale or stake, σταυροὺς ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od.14.11, cf. Il.24.453, Th.4.90, X. An.5.2.21; of piles driven in to serve as a foundation, Hdt.5.16, Th.7.25.    II cross, as the instrument of crucifixion, D.S.2.18, Ev.Matt.27.40, Plu.2.554a; ἐπὶ τὸν σ. ἀπάγεσθαι Luc.Peregr.34; σ. λαμβάνειν, ἆραι, βαστάζειν, metaph. of voluntary suffering, Ev.Matt.10.38, Ev.Luc.9.23, 14.27: its form was represented by the Greek letter T, Luc.Jud.Voc.12.    b pale for impaling a corpse, Plu.Art.17.

German (Pape)

[Seite 930] ὁ (ἵστημι), ein aufrechtstehender Pfahl, Spitzpfahl, Pallisade; ἀμφὶ μεγάλην αὐλὴν ποίησαν σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσιν, Il. 24, 453, σταυροὺς ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας, Od. 14, 11; ἰκρία ἐπὶ σταυρῶν ὑψηλῶν ἐζευγμένα, Her. 5, 16; Xen. An. 5, 2, 21, u. öfter. – Später das Kreuz zur Hinrichtung, N. T.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

σταυρός: ὁ, ὄρθιος πάσσαλος ἢ ξύλον μακρόν, σταυροὺς ἐκτὸς ἕλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Ὀδ. Ξ. 11, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Ω. 453, Θουκ. 4. 90, Ξεν. Ἀν. 5. 2, 21· ἐπὶ πασσάλων ἐμπεπηγμένων ὅπως χρησιμεύωσιν ἀντὶ θεμελίου, Ἡρόδ. 5.16, Θουκ. 7. 25· πρβλ. σταύρωμα. ΙΙ. δύο ξύλα σταυροειδῶς προσηρμοσμένα, οἷον τὸ Ρωμαϊκὸν ὄργανον θανατώσεως, Διόδ. 2. 18, πρβλ. Πλούτ. 2.554Α· ἐπὶ τὸν στ. ἀπάγεσθαι Λουκ. Περεγρ. 34· στ. λαμβάνειν, αἴρειν, βαστάζειν, μεταφορ. ἐπὶ ἑκουσίων παθημάτων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. ι΄, 38, κατὰ Λουκ. θ΄, 23, ιδ΄, 27· τὸ σχῆμα αὐτοῦ παρίσταται διὰ τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ γράμματος τ, Λουκ. Δίκη Φων. 12, πρβλ. σταυρωτός· - ὡσαύτως πάσσαλος ἢ σκόλοψ πρὸς ἀνασκολόπισιν, Πλουτ. Ἀρτοξ. 17. 2) τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ σταυροῦ ὡς σφραγὶς εἰς συμβόλαια, ὁμόλογα, κτλ., Βυζ. 3) τὸ σκῆπτρον τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Βυζ. 4) διακριτικόν τι σημεῖον ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιγράφοις, Böckh εἰς Σχολ. Πινδ. σ. 3. (Ἡ √ΣΤΑ, ἵστημι· πρβλ. Σανσκρ. sthâv-aras (σταθερός)· Ζενδ. stav-ra (strong)· Λατ. stiv-a, in-stau-ro· Γοτθ. stiur-jan (ἱστάναι, διαβεβαιοῦσθαι).)

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ (ὁ) :
I. pieu pour une palissade, palissade ; pieu pour fondement d’une construction;
II. instrument de supplice, particul. :
1 pal;
2 poteau pour y clouer les condamnés ; particul. poteau avec une traverse, croix.
Étymologie: cf. ἵστημι.

English (Autenrieth)

stake, pale, pl., Il. 24.453 and Od. 14.11.

English (Strong)

from the base of ἵστημι; a stake or post (as set upright), i.e. (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e. self-denial; by implication, the atonement of Christ: cross.

English (Thayer)

σταυροῦ, ὁ (from ἵστημι (root sta); cf. Latin stauro, English staff (see Skeat, Etymological Dictionary, under the word); Curtius, § 216; Vanicek, p. 1126);
1. an upright stake, especially a pointed one (Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon).
2. a cross;
a. the well-known instrument of most cruel and ignominious punishment, borrowed by the Greeks and Romans from the Phoenicians; to it were affixed among the Romans , down to the time of Constantine the Great, the guiltiest criminals, particularly the basest slaves, robbers, the authors and abetters of insurrections, and occasionally in the provinces, at the arbitrary pleasure of the governors, upright and peaceable men also, and even Roman citizens themselves; cf. Winer s RWB, under the word Kreuzigung; Merz in Herzog edition 1 (cf. Schaff-Herzog) also Schultze in Herzog edition 2), under the word Kreuz; Keim, iii., p. 409ff. (English translation, vi. 138; BB. DD., see under the words, Cross, Crucifixion; O. Zöckler, Das Kreuz Christi (Gütersloh, 1875); English translation, Lond. 1878; Fulda, Das Kreuz u. d. Kreuzigung (Bresl. 1878); Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, ii. 582ff). This horrible punishment the innocent Jesus also suffered: θάνατος σταυροῦ, τό αἷμα τοῦ σταυροῦ, blood shed on the cross; the crucifixion which Christ underwent: σκάνδαλον, under the end); τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐχθρός, at the end); τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διώκεσθαι, to encounter persecution on account of one's avowed belief in the saving efficacy of Christ's crucifixion, ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ, the doctrine concerning the saving power of the death on the cross endured by Christ, Plutarch, de sara numinis vindict. c. 9; Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 2,56, cf. αἴρειν or λαμβάνειν or βαστάζειν τόν σταυρόν αὐτοῦ, which was usually used by those who, on behalf of God's cause, do not hesitate cheerfully and manfully to bear persecutions, troubles, distresses — thus recalling the fate of Christ and the spirit in which he encountered it (cf. Bleek, Synop. Erkl. der drei ersten Evangg. i, p. 439f): R L in brackets); Luke 14:27.