toga

English > Greek (Woodhouse)

subs.

τήβεννα, ἡ (late).

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

tŏga: ae, f. tego,
I a covering, garment.
I In gen. (ante-class. and rare): praeterea quod in lecto togas ante habebant; ante enim olim fuit commune vestimentum et diurnum et nocturnum et muliebre et virile, Varr. ap. Non. 541, 2: incinctā togā, Afran. ib. 540, 33; cf. comic.: ne toga cordylis, ne paenula desit olivis, Mart. 13, 1, 1. —*
   B A roofing, roof: (toga) dicitur et tectum, Non. 406, 21. —
II In partic., the outer garment of a Roman citizen in time of peace, long, broad, and flowing, and consisting of a single piece of stuff; the toga or gown.
   A Lit.: sed quod pacis est insigne et otii toga, Cic. Pis. 30, 73: quem tenues decuere togae, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32: ima, Quint. 11, 3, 139: pexa, Mart. 2, 44, 1: rasa, id. 2, 88, 4: toga praetexta, the toga of magistrates and free-born children, ornamented with purple; v. praetexo: toga pura, the unornamented toga of youth who had laid aside the praetexta: Ciceroni meo togam puram cum dare Arpini vellem, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 1; 5, 20, 9; 7, 8, 5; called more freq. virilis, id. Sest. 69, 144; id. Phil. 2, 18, 44; Liv. 26, 19, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2; and: toga libera, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 132; Ov. F. 3, 771; cf.: a patre ita eram deductus ad Scaevolam sumptā virili togā, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: toga picta, worn by a victor in his triumph, Liv. 10, 7, 9; 30, 15, 11; Flor. 1, 5, 6: purpurea, worn by kings, Liv. 27, 4, 11; 31, 11, 12: candida, the toga worn by candidates for office, made of white fulled cloth; v. candidus: pulla, the dark-gray toga of mourners; v. pullus; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 107 sq.; 2, pp. 55 and 74 sq. (2d edit.).—
   B Transf.
   1    As a designation for peace: ex quo genere haec sunt, Liberum appellare pro vino, campum pro comitiis, togam pro pace, arma ac tela pro bello, Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167: cedant arma togae, id. poët. Off. 1, 22, 77; id. Pis. 30, 73: vir omnibus belli ac togae dotibus eminens, Vell. 1, 12, 3; Tert. Pall. 5.—Also of the Roman national character; hence, togae oblitus, forgetful of Rome, Hor. C. 3, 5, 10.—
   2    As, in the times of the emperors, the toga went more and more out of use, and became almost exclusively the garment of clients, poet. for a client: eheu quam fatuae sunt tibi Roma togae, Mart. 10, 18, 4; 10, 47, 5; cf. Plin. Pan. 65; Flor. 4, 12, 32. —
   3    As women of loose character were not allowed to wear the proper female garment (the stola), and assumed the toga, poet. for a prostitute: si tibi cura togae est potior pressumque quasillo Scortum, Tib. 4, 10, 3.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

tŏga,⁹ æ, f. (tego).
    I primit^t, ce qui couvre :
1 = toit : Non. 406, 21
2 vêtement [de jour ou de nuit, pour h. ou pour femme] : Varr. d. Non. 541, 2.
    II toge :
1 vêtement des citoyens romains en temps de paix : toga pura Cic. Att. 5, 20, 9 ; 7, 8, 5 ; 9, 6, 1, [ou surtout] toga virilis Cic. Sest. 144 ; etc. [v. sumo ], ou toga libera Prop. 4, 1, 132 ; Ov. F. 3, 771, toge virile [prise par les jeunes gens après la robe prétexte, à dix-sept ans, v. prætexta ] ; toga picta Liv. 30, 15, 11, toge brodée [portée par les triomphateurs], cf. Liv. 10, 7, 9 ; candida, toge blanche des candidats, v. candidus ; pulla, toge sombre de deuil, v. pullus
2 [fig.] a) vêtement national, nationalité romaine : togæ oblitus Hor. O. 3, 5, 10, oubliant sa qualité de Romain ; b) vêtement de paix, paix : cedant arma togæ [poet.] Cic. Off. 1, 77, que les armes le cèdent à la toge, cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 167 || vêtement du citoyen, vie civile : in armis, in toga Cic. CM 11, sous les armes, sous la toge = comme guerrier, comme citoyen, cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 20 ; c) [sous les empereurs] = emploi (fonction) dans la cité, p. ex. en parl. du sénat : decreto togæ Claud. Cons. Stil. 1, 330, par un décret du sénat ; d) togæ Mart. 10, 18, 4, des clients, cf. Mart. 10, 47, 5 ; e) robe de courtisane, courtisane : Sulpicia d. Tib. 4, 10, 3.