persona
ἀνδρῶν γὰρ ἐπιφανῶν πᾶσα γῆ τάφος → for illustrious men have the whole earth for their tomb, for heroes have the whole earth for their tomb, the whole earth is the tomb of famous men
Latin > English
persona personae N F :: mask; character; personality
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
persōna: ae,
I f [acc. to Gabius Bassus ap. Gell. 5, 7, 1 sq., from per-sŏno, to sound through, with the second syllable lengthened].
I A mask, esp. that used by players, which covered the whole head, and was varied according to the different characters to be represented (syn. larva), Gell. 5, 7, 1: personam tragicam forte vulpis viderat, Phaedr. 1, 7, 1: personam capiti detrahere, Mart. 3, 43, 4: persona adicitur capiti, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 59. The masks were usually made of clay: cretea persona, Lucr. 4, 297, cf. Mart. 14, 176, 1. And sometimes of the bark of wood: oraque corticibus sumunt horrenda cavatis, Verg. G. 2, 387: ut tragicus cantor ligno tegit ora cavato, Prud. adv Symm. 2, 646. The opening for the mouth was very large: personae pallentis hiatum formidat infans, Juv. 3, 175: personis uti primus coepit Roscius Gallus praecipuus histrio, quod oculis obversis erat, nec satis decorus in personis nisi parasitus pronunciabat, Diom. p. 486 P. Heads with such masks were used as ornaments for water-spouts, fountains, etc.: Butades figulus primus personas tegularum extremis imbricibus imposuit, quae inter initia prostypa vocavit, Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 152: personae, e quarum rostris aqua salire solet, Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.: mulier nempe ipsa videtur, non personā loqui, a mask, a masked person, Juv 3, 96.—
II Transf., a personage, character, part, represented by an actor: parasiti persona, Ter. Eun. prol. 26 sq.: sub personā militis, Gell. 13, 22, 11: (tragici) nihil ex personā poëtae dixerunt, Vell. 1, 3, 2.—Hence,
B Also, transf. beyond the scenic lang., in gen., the part or character which any one sustains in the world (class.): (ego), qui non heroum veteres casus fictosque luctus velim imitari atque adumbrare dicendo, neque actor sim alienae personae, sed auctor meae, Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 194: quam magnum est personam in re publicā tueri principis, id. Phil. 8, 10, 29: personam sustinere, id. Pis. 11, 24: personam, quam mihi tempus et res publica imposuit, imposed upon me, id. Sull. 3, 8; cf.: agenda est persona quam mihi miles imposuit, Vop. Prob. 10, 7; Macr. S. 2, 7, 17: partes lenitatis et misericordiae semper egi libenter: illam vero gravitatis severitatisque personam non appetivi, sed a re publicā mihi impositam sustinui, Cic. Mur. 3, 6: petitoris personam capere, accusatoris deponere, id. Quint. 13, 46: personam suscipere, id. de Or. 1, 37, 169: gravissimam personam sustinere, id. Pis. 29, 71: personam tenere, id. de Or. 3, 14, 54: personam gerere, id. Off. 1, 32, 115: abjectā quaestoriā personā comitisque assumptā, id. Planc. 41, 100: fateantur in Maeandrii personā esse expressam speciem civitatis, id. Fl. 22, 53: id Cicero suā ipsā personā frequentissime praecipit, in his own name, Quint. 10, 5, 2: cetera quae sunt a me in secundo libro de Oratore per Antonii personam disputata, Cic. Fam 7, 32, 2 B. and K. (dub.; al. ex personā): ex tuā personā enumerare possis, ut, etc., id. Inv. 1, 52, 99: nihil ex personā poëtae disserunt, Vell. 1, 3, 2; 1, 3, 3; so Col. 12, 3, 5; Gell. 10, 22, 1; Lact. Epit. 48, 7: sub personā Paridis, Suet. Dom. 10: so Gell. 10, 22, 24; 13, 22, 11: alienam personam ferre, Liv. 3, 36: non hominibus tantum, sed et rebus persona demenda est et reddenda facies sua, Sen. Ep. 24, 13: hanc personam induisti: agenda est, Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 2.—Hence,
2 A human being who performs any function, plays any part, a person, personage: ut mea persona semper aliquid videretur habere populare, Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, § 7: ecquae pacifica persona desideretur, id. ib. 8, 12, 4: hujus Staleni persona, populo jam nota atque perspecta, id. Clu. 29, 78; id. Fam. 6, 6, 10: induxi senem disputantem, quia nulla videbatur aptior persona, id. Lael. 1, 4: Laelii persona, id. ib. 1, 4: certis personis et aetatibus, to people of a certain standing and of a certain age, Suet. Caes. 43: minoribus quoque et personis et rebus, to persons and things of less importance, id. Tib. 32; id. Aug. 27: nulla distantia personarum, Vulg. Deut. 1, 17: personarum acceptio, id. 2 Par. 19, 7; cf. id. Gal. 2, 6 al.: ipse suā lege damnatus, cum, substituta filii personā, amplius quingentorum jugerum possideret, Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 17: denique haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda, ita ut proxima esset Epaminondae, the second chief personage, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3.—
(b) So of persons, opp. to things and actions: ut rerum, ut personarum dignitates ferunt, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.—
(g) Law t. t., a being having legal rights and obligations (including the state, etc.; not including slaves; cf. Sandars ad Just. Inst. introd. § 37; 1, 3 prooem.): omne jus quo utimur, vel ad personas pertinet vel ad res vel ad actiones, Dig. 1, 5, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 3 prooem.—
(d) A human being in gen., a person (post-Aug. and rare): continuantes unum quodque (praenomen) per trinas personas, Suet. Ner. 1: cum dira et foedior omni Crimine persona est, Juv. 4, 15.—
3 In the grammarians, a person: quom item personarum natura triplex esset, qui loqueretur, ad quem, de quo, Varr. L. L. 8, § 20 Müll.; so id. ib. 9, 24, § 32 et saep.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
persōna,⁹ æ, f.,
1 masque de l’acteur, cf. Gell. 5, 7, 1 ; ex persona ardent oculi histrionis Cic. de Or. 2, 193, les yeux de l’acteur lancent des flammes à travers le masque
2 rôle, caractère [dans une pièce de théâtre] : parasiti Ter. Eun. 26, le rôle du parasite ; persona de mimo Cic. Phil. 2, 65, personnage de mime
3 [fig.] rôle, caractère, personnage : personam tenere Cic. de Or. 3, 54 ; tueri Cic. Phil. 8, 29, jouer, tenir un rôle ; gravitatis severitatisque personam sustinere Cic. Mur. 6, se charger d’un rôle de rigueur et de sévérité ; alicui personam vehementem imponere Cic. Sulla 8, imposer à qqn un rôle violent ; gravissimam personam sustinere Cic. Pis. 71, soutenir un personnage des plus graves ; petitoris personam capere Cic. Quinct. 45, prendre le rôle de demandeur ; civitatis personam gerere Cic. Off. 1, 124, représenter, incarner la cité
4 caractère, individualité, personnalité : persona, quæ proprie singulis est tributa Cic. Off. 1, 107, la personnalité impartie en propre à chacun de nous ; personæ et eorum qui dicunt et eorum qui audiunt Cic. Or. 71, le caractère aussi bien des orateurs que des auditeurs ; sine personis atque temporibus de universo genere quæritur Cic. de Or. 2, 134, on s’occupe d’une thèse générale sans détermination de personnes et de circonstances ; vides quæ sit persona dicentis Cic. Att. 15, 1 a, 2, tu vois le personnage qui parle, la personne de l’orateur
5 [gramm.] personne : Varro L. 8, 20, etc.
Latin > German (Georges)
persōna, ae, f. (von *per-sonāre = *per-zonāre, verkleiden, zu griech. ζώνη, also urspr. die Verkleidung), die Maske, Larve des Schauspielers, die den ganzen Kopf bedeckte und je nach der Verschiedenheit der darzustellenden Charaktere verschieden war, I) eig.: comica, Quint.: tragica, Phaedr.: cretea (weil gew. aus Ton), Lucr.: personā tectum caput, Val. Max.: personae distortis oribus deformes, Varro LL.: personam capiti induere, Fronto, Ggstz. capiti detrahere, Mart.: u. so bl. personam induere, Ggstz. detrahere, Macr.: ut ex persona mihi ardere oculi hominis histrionis viderentur, Cic.: personae pallentis hiatus (weil die Mundöffnung sehr breit), Iuven.: agere eandem personam in triclinio (v. einem Mimen), Macr. sat. 2, 7, 17. – Solcher Larvenkopf aus Terrakotta od. Marmor als Zierat an einem Gebäude, cretea persona, Lucr. 4, 295: russi persona Batavi, Mart. 14, 176. – Ebenso Tierköpfe (bes. Löwenköpfe) als Verzierung an den Vorsprüngen der Dächer, personas tegularum extremis imbricibus imposuit, Plin. 35, 152: an Springbrunnen, personae, e quarum rostris aqua salire solet, Ulp. dig. 19, 1, 17. § 9. – II) meton.: 1) der Charakter, die Rolle, Person, die der Schauspieler darstellt, auctoritas (Würde) personarum, Quint.: p. militis, Ter.: persona de mimo, ein Schauspieler in einem Mimenstücke, ein Komödiant, Cic.: in persona lenonis imitari alqm, Cic. – 2) übtr.: a) die Person, die Rolle, die der Mensch in der Welt spielt, accusatoris, Cic.: hanc personam induisti; agenda est, Sen. de ben. 2, 17, 2: duabus quasi nos a natura indutos personis, Cic.: agenda est persona, quam mihi miles imposuit, Vopisc. Prob. 10, 7: possumus petitoris personam capere, accusatoris deponere, Cic.: abicere quaestoriam personam comitisque sumere, Cic.: tantummodo induit personam philosophi, Cic.: mutare (wechseln) personam, Plin. ep.: u. so histrionis ritu mutatā repente personā, Amm.: Veneris personam subire, Lampr.: illam vero gravitatis severitatisque personam non appetivi, sed a re publica mihi impositam sustinui, Cic.: tantam personam sustinet, Cic.: personam quadruplatoris ferre, Liv.: personam alienam ferre, Liv.: personam sibi accommodare od. suscipere, Cic.: personam imponere alci, Cic.: quam personam gerere velimus, welche R. wir spielen wollen, Cic.: personam civitatis gerere, den Staat repräsentieren, Cic.: personam in re publica tueri principis, seine Stellung im Staate als einer der ersten Männer in demselben bewahren, Cic.: quam personam teneant, welche Person sie vorstellen, Cic. – b) die Person in abstr. = die Persönlichkeit, Individualität, der Charakter, den jmd. in seiner Handlungsweise zeigt, od. der Charakter, die Stellung, der Rang, die Bedeutung, die ihm seine Verhältnisse geben, huius Staleni persona, Cic.: p. mea, tua, nostra, Cic.: p. regis, der König als solcher, Iustin.: altera persona, sed tamen secunda, zweite Hauptperson, Nep.: id, quod quāque personā dignum est, Cic.: personā soceri mei, unter der P. meines Schw., Cic.: u. so per personam Antonii, Cic.; u. nihil ex persona poëtae (unter der Person des D., als D.), sed sub eorum, qui illo tempore fuerunt, disserunt, Vell.: nisi forte tanta persona eris, ut possis iram comminuere, Sen. – certis personis et aetatibus, Leuten von einer bestimmten Stellung und einem bestimmten Alter, Suet.: in multorum personam exorabiles, so daß sie die Person ansahen (προςωποληπτοῦντες), Suet. – c) als gramm. t. t., die Person, tertia, Varro LL., Quint. u.a.