calumnia: Difference between revisions
χρώμεθα γὰρ πολιτείᾳ οὐ ζηλούσῃ τοὺς τῶν πέλας νόμους → we live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours
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|sltx=[[διαβολή]], [[διαβολία]], [[αἰξωνεία]], [[δύσφημος]], [[αἴσχρωμα]], [[ἀδοξία]], [[ἀπόφημος]] | |sltx=[[διαβολή]], [[διαβολία]], [[αἰξωνεία]], [[δύσφημος]], [[αἴσχρωμα]], [[ἀδοξία]], [[ἀπόφημος]] | ||
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|lnetxt=calumnia calumniae N F :: charge; accusation<br />calumnia calumnia calumniae N F :: sophistry, sham; false accusation/claim/statement/pretenses/objection; quibble | |||
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Revision as of 16:45, 27 February 2019
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
călumnĭa: (old form kălumnĭa;
I
v. the letter K), ae, f. perh. for calvomnia, from calvor; cf. incīlo, trickery, artifice, chicanery, cunning device.
I Lit.
A In gen.: per obtrectatores Lentuli calumniā extracta res est, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3: (Lucullus) inimicorum calumniā triennio tardius quam debuerat triumphavit, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: inpediti ne triumpharent calumniā paucorum, quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos erat, Sall. C. 30, 4: Metellus calumniā dicendi tempus exemit, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: cum omni morā, ludificatione, calumniā senatūs auctoritas impediretur, id. Sest. 35, 75.—Plur.: res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis, Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—
B In partic.
1 A pretence, evasion, subterfuge: juris judicium cum erit et aequitatis, cave in istā tam frigidā, tam jejunā calumniā delitescas, Cic. Caecin. 21, 61: senatus religionis calumniam non religione, sed malevolentiā ... comprobat, id. Fam. 1, 1, 1: Carneades ... itaque premebat alio modo nec ullam adhibebat calumniam, id. Fat. 14, 31: calumniam stultitiamque ejus obtrivit ac contudit, id. Caecin. 7, 18: illud in primis, ne qua calumnia, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur, id. Dom. 14, 36: quae major calumnia est, quam venire imberbum adulescentulum... dicere se filium senatorem sibi velle adoptare? id. ib. 14, 37.—
2 In discourse, etc., a misrepresentation, false statement, fallacy, cavil (cf.: cavillatio, perfugium): haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius, facilius effugiunt Academicorum calumniam, Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20: (Carneades) saepe optimas causas ingenii calumniā ludificari solet, id. Rep. 3, 5, 9: nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā, id. Ac. 2, 5, 14: si in minimis rebus pertinacia reprehenditur, calumnia etiam coërcetur, id. ib. 2, 20, 65: altera est calumnia, nullam artem falsis adsentiri opinionibus, Quint. 2, 17, 18: si quis tamen... ad necessaria aliquid melius adjecerit, non erit hac calumniā reprendendus, id. 12, 10, 43.—
3 A false accusation, malicious charge, esp. a false or malicious information, or action at law, a perversion of justice ( = συκοφαντία): jam de deorum inmortalium templis spoliatis qualem calumniam ad pontifices adtulerit? false report, Liv. 39, 4, 11: Scythae ... cum confecto jam bello supervenissent, et calumniā tardius lati auxilii, mercede fraudarentur, an unjust charge, Just. 42, 1, 2: quamquam illa fuit ad calumniam singulari consilio reperta ratio... Quae res cum ad pactiones iniquissimas magnam vim habuit, tum vero ad calumnias in quas omnes inciderent, quos vellent Apronius, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38: causam calumniae reperire, id. ib. 2, 2, 8, § 21: (Heraclius), a quo HS. C. milia per calumniam malitiamque petita sunt, id. ib. 2, 2, 27, § 66: mirari improbitatem calumniae, id. ib. 2, 2, 15, § 37: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumniā quādam et nimis callidā juris interpretatione, id. Off. 1, 10, 33: iste amplam occasionem calumniae nactus, id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 61: quem iste in decumis, in rebus capitalibus, in omni calumniā praecursorem habere solebat et emissarium, id. ib. 2, 5, 41, § 108; 2, 2, 9, § 25: ad rapinas convertit animum, vario et exquisitissimo calumniarum et auctionum et vectigalium genere, Suet. Calig. 38 init.; cf. the context: calumniā litium alienos fundos petere, Cic. Mil. 27, 74: adeo illis odium Romanorum incussit rapacitas proconsulum, sectio publicanorum, calumniae litium, Just. 38, 7, 8: calumniarum metum inicere alicui, Suet. Caes. 20: principes confiscatos ob tam leve ac tam inpudens calumniarum genus, ut, etc., id. Tib. 49: calumniis rapinisque intendit animum, id. Ner. 32: creditorum turbam... nonnisi terrore calumniarum amovit, id. Vit. 7: fiscales calumnias magna calumniantium repressit, id. Dom. 9 fin.—Plur.: istae calumniae, App. Mag. 1, p. 273, 9; cf.: calumnia magiae, id. ib. 2, p. 274, 10.—
4 Hence, jurid. t. t., the bringing of an action, whether civil or criminal, in bad faith: actoris calumnia quoque coërcetur, litigiousness on the part of the plaintiff, Just. Inst. 4, 16, 1 Sandars ad loc.; Gai Inst. 4, 174: vetus calumniae actio, a prosecution for blackmail or malicious prosecution, id. ib.: calumniam jurare, to take the oath that the action is brought or defence offered in good faith, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3: sei juraverit calumniae causā non postulare, Lex Acil. Repetund. 19; Dig. 39, 2, 7; cf.: praeter jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā infitias ire, Gai Inst. 4, 172: jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā agere, id. ib. 4, 176.—Hence: nec satis habere bello vicisse Hannibalem, nisi velut accusatores calumniam in eum jurarent ac nomen deferrent, Liv. 33, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc; so, de calumniā jurare, Dig. 39, 2, 13, § 3: jusjurandum de calumniā, Gai Inst. 4, 179; Dig. 12, 3, 34 al.: et quidem calumniae judicium adversus omnes actiones locum habet, a conviction in a cross-action for malicious prosecution, Gai Inst. 4, 175: turpissimam personam calumniae honestae civitati inponere, to fasten the vile character of a malicious prosecutor upon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 43: sine ignominiā calumniae accusationem relinquere non posse, id. Clu. 31, 86.— The person convicted of this charge was branded on the forehead with the letter K; v. calumniator.—
II Transf., a conviction for malicious prosecution ( = calumniae judicium, v. I. A. 4. supra): hic illo privato judicio, mihi credite, calumniam non effugiet, Cic. Clu. 59, 163: scito C. Sempronium Rufum, mel ac delicias tuas, calumniam maximo plausu tulisse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1: accusare alienae dominationis scelerisque socius propter calumniae metum non est ausus, Cic. Dom. 19, 49: perinde poenā teneri ac si publico judicio calumniae condemnatus, Tac. A. 14, 41: calumniam fictis eludere jocis, Phaedr. 3, prol. 37.—
III Trop.
A Of abstr. things: in hac igitur calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento, cum plurima ad alieni sensūs conjecturam, non ad suum judicium scribantur, i. e. when the writer's mind is made the fool of his fears, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4. —
B Contra se, a mistaken severity towards one's self: inveni qui Ciceroni crederent, eum (Calvum) nimiā contra se calumniā verum sanguinem perdidisse, Quint. 10, 1, 115 (referring to Cic. Brut. 82, 283: nimium inquirens in se atque ipse sese observans, metuensque ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat).
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
călumnĭa,¹¹ æ, f. (du vieux verbe calvor), tromperie,
1 accusation fausse, calomnieuse [devant les tribunaux], chicane en justice : causam calumniæ reperire Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, trouver prétexte (matière) à chicane ; mirantur omnes improbitatem calumniæ Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, tout le monde apprend avec étonnement cette chicane malhonnête (cette action intentée malhonnêtement, par mauvaise chicane); calumniam jurare Cæl. d. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3, jurer qu’on n’accuse pas de mauvaise foi, cf. Liv. 33, 47, 5 || condamnation et punition pour accusation fausse : calumniam non effugiet Cic. Clu. 163, il n’évitera pas le châtiment de son injuste accusation [poursuite] ; calumniam ferre Cæl. d. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1, encourir la condamnation pour accusation fausse ; accusare propter calumniæ metum non est ausus Cic. Domo 49, il n’a pas osé intenter l’accusation par crainte d’une condamnation pour chicane
2 [en gén.] accusation injuste, chicane : in hac calumnia timoris Cæcin. d. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4, dans ces accusations qu’on se forge contre soi-même par crainte ; de deorum immortalium templis spoliatis in capta urbe calumniam ad pontifices afferre Liv. 39, 4, 11, porter devant les pontifes de vaines chicanes sur le pillage des temples effectué dans une ville prise d’assaut ; nimiā contra se calumniā Quint. 10, 1, 115, par excès de sévérité envers soi-même (en se chicanant trop)
3 emploi abusif de la loi, chicane du droit, supercherie, manœuvres, cabale : exsistunt sæpe injuriæ calumnia quadam et nimis callida, sed malitiosa juris interpretatione Cic. Off. 1, 33, il se produit souvent des injustices par une sorte d’emploi abusif de la loi, par une interprétation trop subtile et même frauduleuse du droit ; calumnia litium Cic. Mil. 74, procès intentés par pure chicane ; senatus religionis calumniam comprobat Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1, le sénat approuve le prétexte imaginaire d’un obstacle religieux ; Metellus calumnia dicendi tempus exemit Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3, Métellus, usant par manœuvre du droit de parole, empêcha de rien faire [épuisa la séance]; res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1, nos adversaires firent traîner la discussion par des manœuvres diverses ; Academicorum calumniam effugere Cic. Nat. 2, 20, échapper aux subtilités (aux chicanes) des Académiciens (Ac. 2, 14 ) ; ne qua calumnia, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur Cic. Domo 36, à condition de n’employer aucune manœuvre, aucune supercherie, aucun subterfuge ; calumniam coercere Cic. Ac. 2, 65, réprimer la chicane. orth. kal- Gloss. 5, 29, 33 ; 5, 79, 19.
Latin > German (Georges)
calumnia, ae, f. (v. altlat. calvor, verwandt mit carpo), jedes schikanierende, ränkevolle, mit Lug u. Trug umgehende, das wahre Sachverhältnis beeinträchtigende Verfahren, Kniffe und Ränke, Lug u. Trug, Schurkerei, Prellerei, Verdrehung, ränkevolle Deutelung od. Auslegung, böswillige Kritik, Verleumdung, Fälschung (Ggstz. veritas, Wahrhaftigkeit, u. fides, Aufrichtigkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit), a) im allg., in Rechtsangelegenheiten, calumniā paucorum, Sall.: inimicorum calumniā, Cic.: calumniā aliquā competitoris, Augustin.: religionis calumniā, der trügerische Vorwand, Cic.: oppressus calumniā, Aur. Vict.: res per calumnias creditae, verleumderisches Gerede, Arnob.: provincias calumniis agitare (v. den Prokuratoren), Aur. Vict.: calumniā dicendi tempus eximere, Cic.: variis calumniis rem extrahere, Cic.: calumniam coërcere (gesetzlich ahnden), Cic.: calumniam et stultitiam obterere ac contundere, Cic.: aliquam calumniam, fraudem, dolum adhibere, Cic.: ne in calumniam cadam, Quint. – bei philosoph. Streitfragen, Arcesilae calumnia, Cic.: nullam calumniam adhibere, Cic. – u. gegen sich selbst, in hac calumnia timoris, von (vorgespiegelter) Furcht erzeugten Selbstpeinigung, Ängstigung seiner selbst, Caecin. in Cic. ep. 6, 7, 4: nimia contra se calumnia, allzuängstliche Kritik gegen sich selbst, Quint. 10, 1, 115. – b) insbes., die in falscher Anklage eines Unschuldigen bestehende Schikane, die falsche, trügerische Anklage, der schikanöse Prozeß, sowohl im Zivil- als im Kriminalprozesse, calumniae litium, Iustin.: calumniae fiscales, Suet.: calumniae iudicum, ICt.: publico iudicio calumniae condemnatus, Tac.: calumniā litium alienos fundos petere, Cic.: causam calumniae reperire, Cic.: calumniam iurare (v. Ankläger), schwören, daß man nicht aus Schikane (trügerisch) klagt, den Eid für die Gefährde leisten, absol., Caelius in Cic. ep., od. in alqm (um die Klage gegen ihn aufzunehmen), Liv. – dah. meton., die Verurteilung u. Strafe wegen Schikane (trügerischer Anklage), calumniam privato iudicio non effugere, Cic.: ferre calumniam, für einen Schikaneur (trügerischen Ankläger) erklärt werden, zur Strafe wegen Schikane verurteilt werden, Cael. in Cic. ep.: notatus calumniā, Suet.
Spanish > Greek
διαβολή, διαβολία, αἰξωνεία, δύσφημος, αἴσχρωμα, ἀδοξία, ἀπόφημος