hostis: Difference between revisions
Κινδυνεύουσι γὰρ ὅσοι τυγχάνουσιν ὀρθῶς ἁπτόμενοι φιλοσοφίας λεληθέναι τοὺς ἄλλους ὅτι οὐδὲν ἄλλο αὐτοὶ ἐπιτηδεύουσιν ἢ ἀποθνῄσκειν τε καὶ τεθνάναι → Actually, the rest of us probably haven't realized that those who manage to pursue philosophy as it should be pursued are practicing nothing else but dying and being dead (Socrates via Plato, Phaedo 64a.5)
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{{LaEn | |||
|lnetxt=hostis hostis N C :: enemy (of the state); stranger, foreigner; the enemy (pl.) | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>hostis</b>: (also fos-), is, comm. Sanscr. [[root]] ghas-, to [[eat]], [[consume]], [[destroy]]; Germ. Gast; cf. also [[hasta]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[stranger]], [[foreigner]]; [[afterwards]] transf., an [[enemy]] (cf.: [[adversarius]], [[inimicus]], [[perduellis]]): [[equidem]] [[etiam]] illud [[animadverto]], [[quod]] qui [[proprio]] nomine [[perduellis]] esset, is [[hostis]] vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis [[enim]] [[apud]] majores nostros is dicebatur, quem [[nunc]] peregrinum dicimus ... [[quamquam]] id [[nomen]] [[durius]] effecit jam [[vetustas]]: a peregrino [[enim]] recessit et [[proprie]] in eo qui [[arma]] [[contra]] ferret remansit, Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: [[hostis]] [[apud]] antiquos [[peregrinus]] dicebatur, et qui [[nunc]] [[hostis]] [[perduellio]], Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—<br /><b>II</b> An [[enemy]] in [[arms]] or of one's [[country]] (opp. [[inimicus]], a [[private]] [[enemy]], or one [[who]] is [[inimically]] disposed).<br /> <b>A</b> Lit.: qui ([[Pompeius]]) saepius cum hoste conflixit [[quam]] [[quisquam]] cum [[inimico]] concertavit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.: omnes nos statuit [[ille]] [[quidem]] non inimicos sed hostes, id. Phil. 11, 1, 3; opp. [[inimicus]], Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.): debent oratori sic esse adversariorum [[nota]] consilia, ut hostium imperatori, Quint. 12, 1, 35: legiones hostium, Plaut. Am. prol. 136: hostes nefarios prostravit, Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27: ([[bellum]]) compellere [[intra]] hostium [[moenia]], id. Rep. 1, 1: [[vita]] ex hostium [[telis]] servata, id. ib. 1, 3: [[adventus]] hostium, id. ib. 2, 3: ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos [[numquam]] vidimus, vel, [[quod]] majus est, in hoste [[etiam]] diligamus, id. Lael. 9, 29: hostem rapinis prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4: [[quando]] [[hostis]] [[alienigena]] terrae Italiae [[bellum]] intulisset, Liv. 29, 10, 5: servit Hispanae [[vetus]] [[hostis]] orae Cantaber [[sera]] [[domitus]] [[catena]], Hor. C. 3, 8, 21: [[terra]] marique [[victus]] [[hostis]], id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.: inimicis [[quoque]] et hostibus ea indigna videri, Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.: [[inimicus]], [[hostis]] esset, tanta [[contumelia]] [[accepta]], id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58: sibi [[inimicus]] [[atque]] [[hostis]], id. Fin. 5, 10, 29: horum omnium [[communis]] [[hostis]] praedoque, id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: tam dis hominibusque [[hostis]], id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1: Cn. [[Pompeius]] [[auctor]] et dux mei [[reditus]], illius (Clodii) [[hostis]], id. Mil. 15, 39: [[acer]] Bupalo [[hostis]] ([[Hipponax]]), Hor. Epod. 6, 14: fas est et ab hoste doceri, Ov. M. 4, 428: di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum! Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35: [[quam]] (aquam) [[hostis]] hosti commodat, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.: [[hostis]] est [[uxor]], invita quae ad virum nuptum datur, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83: [[nupta]] meretrici [[hostis]] est, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23: ut, quo [[die]] captam hostem vidisset, [[eodem]] matrimonio junctam acciperet, Liv. 30, 14, 2: cum certa videbitur [[hostis]], Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18: [[ille]] uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11, 4.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., of animals or things ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): qualem ministrum fulminis alitem ... in ovilia Demisit hostem [[vividus]] [[impetus]], Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359: [[rhinoceros]] [[genitus]] [[hostis]] elephanto, Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman: [[unus]] cum [[gemino]] [[calculus]] hoste perit, Ov. A. A. 3, 358: fac, pereat vitreo [[miles]] ab hoste [[tuus]], id. ib. 2, 208: rerum ipsa [[natura]] non [[parens]] sed [[noverca]] fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit, Quint. 12, 1, 2: [[illa]] [[vero]] vitiosissima, quae jam [[humanitas]] vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima [[hostis]], id. 2, 2, 10—<br /> <b>2</b> Of an [[adversary]] in a [[suit]], in a [[parody]] of the [[law]] of the Twelve Tables: si [[status]] condictus cum hoste intercedit [[dies]], Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4. | |lshtext=<b>hostis</b>: (also fos-), is, comm. Sanscr. [[root]] ghas-, to [[eat]], [[consume]], [[destroy]]; Germ. Gast; cf. also [[hasta]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[stranger]], [[foreigner]]; [[afterwards]] transf., an [[enemy]] (cf.: [[adversarius]], [[inimicus]], [[perduellis]]): [[equidem]] [[etiam]] illud [[animadverto]], [[quod]] qui [[proprio]] nomine [[perduellis]] esset, is [[hostis]] vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis [[enim]] [[apud]] majores nostros is dicebatur, quem [[nunc]] peregrinum dicimus ... [[quamquam]] id [[nomen]] [[durius]] effecit jam [[vetustas]]: a peregrino [[enim]] recessit et [[proprie]] in eo qui [[arma]] [[contra]] ferret remansit, Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: [[hostis]] [[apud]] antiquos [[peregrinus]] dicebatur, et qui [[nunc]] [[hostis]] [[perduellio]], Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—<br /><b>II</b> An [[enemy]] in [[arms]] or of one's [[country]] (opp. [[inimicus]], a [[private]] [[enemy]], or one [[who]] is [[inimically]] disposed).<br /> <b>A</b> Lit.: qui ([[Pompeius]]) saepius cum hoste conflixit [[quam]] [[quisquam]] cum [[inimico]] concertavit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.: omnes nos statuit [[ille]] [[quidem]] non inimicos sed hostes, id. Phil. 11, 1, 3; opp. [[inimicus]], Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.): debent oratori sic esse adversariorum [[nota]] consilia, ut hostium imperatori, Quint. 12, 1, 35: legiones hostium, Plaut. Am. prol. 136: hostes nefarios prostravit, Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27: ([[bellum]]) compellere [[intra]] hostium [[moenia]], id. Rep. 1, 1: [[vita]] ex hostium [[telis]] servata, id. ib. 1, 3: [[adventus]] hostium, id. ib. 2, 3: ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos [[numquam]] vidimus, vel, [[quod]] majus est, in hoste [[etiam]] diligamus, id. Lael. 9, 29: hostem rapinis prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4: [[quando]] [[hostis]] [[alienigena]] terrae Italiae [[bellum]] intulisset, Liv. 29, 10, 5: servit Hispanae [[vetus]] [[hostis]] orae Cantaber [[sera]] [[domitus]] [[catena]], Hor. C. 3, 8, 21: [[terra]] marique [[victus]] [[hostis]], id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.: inimicis [[quoque]] et hostibus ea indigna videri, Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.: [[inimicus]], [[hostis]] esset, tanta [[contumelia]] [[accepta]], id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58: sibi [[inimicus]] [[atque]] [[hostis]], id. Fin. 5, 10, 29: horum omnium [[communis]] [[hostis]] praedoque, id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: tam dis hominibusque [[hostis]], id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1: Cn. [[Pompeius]] [[auctor]] et dux mei [[reditus]], illius (Clodii) [[hostis]], id. Mil. 15, 39: [[acer]] Bupalo [[hostis]] ([[Hipponax]]), Hor. Epod. 6, 14: fas est et ab hoste doceri, Ov. M. 4, 428: di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum! Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35: [[quam]] (aquam) [[hostis]] hosti commodat, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.: [[hostis]] est [[uxor]], invita quae ad virum nuptum datur, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83: [[nupta]] meretrici [[hostis]] est, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23: ut, quo [[die]] captam hostem vidisset, [[eodem]] matrimonio junctam acciperet, Liv. 30, 14, 2: cum certa videbitur [[hostis]], Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18: [[ille]] uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11, 4.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., of animals or things ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): qualem ministrum fulminis alitem ... in ovilia Demisit hostem [[vividus]] [[impetus]], Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359: [[rhinoceros]] [[genitus]] [[hostis]] elephanto, Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman: [[unus]] cum [[gemino]] [[calculus]] hoste perit, Ov. A. A. 3, 358: fac, pereat vitreo [[miles]] ab hoste [[tuus]], id. ib. 2, 208: rerum ipsa [[natura]] non [[parens]] sed [[noverca]] fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit, Quint. 12, 1, 2: [[illa]] [[vero]] vitiosissima, quae jam [[humanitas]] vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima [[hostis]], id. 2, 2, 10—<br /> <b>2</b> Of an [[adversary]] in a [[suit]], in a [[parody]] of the [[law]] of the Twelve Tables: si [[status]] condictus cum hoste intercedit [[dies]], Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4. | ||
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|georg=hostis, is, c., (got. gasts, ahd. gast, [[Fremdling]], [[Gast]]), I) der [[Fremde]], [[Fremdling]], Ausländer (= [[peregrinus]], Ggstz. [[civis]], s. [[Varro]] LL. 5, 3. Cic. de off. 1, 37. Macr. [[sat]]. 1, 16, 14), Plaut. trin. 102; Curc. 5. Hor. ep. 1, 15, 29. Ambros. de off. 1, 29, 141. – II) insbes., [[ein]] kriegführender Fremder = der [[Feind]] im Felde und Kriege, griech. [[πολέμιος]], (Ggstz. [[pacatus]]), [[sowie]] der offene [[Feind]] [[des]] Vaterlandes übh. (Ggstz. [[civis]]; [[dagegen]] [[inimicus]] = der [[Feind]] [[von]] [[Gesinnung]], εχθρός, Ggstz. [[amicus]]; [[adversarius]] = der [[Gegner]], [[Widersacher]] übh., [[ἀνταγωνιστής]], A) eig.: socii [[atque]] hostes, Sall.: cives hostesque, Liv.: hostes [[atque]] cives permixti, Sall.: [[pacatus]] an [[hostis]] sit, Cic.: [[maritimus]] [[ille]] et [[navalis]] [[hostis]], der zur [[See]] u. zu Schiffe kommt, Cic.: cives, hostes [[iuxta]] metuere, Sall.: [[impransus]] [[non]] [[qui]] civem dignosceret hoste, Hor.: [[Pompeius]] saepius cum hoste conflixit, [[quam]] [[quisquam]] cum [[inimico]] concertavit, Cic.: omnes [[nos]] statuit [[ille]] [[non]] inimicos, [[sed]] hostes, Cic.: vicimus perfidos hospites, imbelles hostes, Liv.: se, cum [[primum]] posset, hostem [[fore]] [[populo]] Romano, [[als]] [[Feind]] [[auftreten]] [[gegen]] usw., Liv.: [[Hannibal]] [[natus]] [[adversus]] Romanos [[hostis]], Liv.: hostem alqm iudicare, [[für]] [[einen]] [[Feind]] ([[des]] Vaterlandes) [[erklären]], Cic.: Sing. kollekt., [[obsessus]] [[multo]] hoste [[locus]], Sen ad Marc. 9, 3. – fem., [[capta]] [[hostis]], feindliche Gefangene, Liv. 30, 14, 2: [[ille]] uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11 (45), 4. – poet., vom Steine im Brettspiele, Ov. art. am. 2, 208. – B) übtr. = [[ein]] offener, [[tätlich]] verfahrender, erbitterter [[Feind]] in Privatverhältnissen, 1) im allg.: h. omnium hominum, Cic.: h. omnium bonorum, Sall. fr.: m. Dat., [[dis]] hominibusque [[hostis]], Cic. ([[mehr]] Beisp. s. [[Drak]]. Liv. 41, 16 extr.). – [[als]] fem., Ov. her. 6, 82; art. am. 2, 461. – v. Tieren, [[genitus]] [[hostis]] pecoris, v. Löwen, Catull.: [[rhinoceros]] [[hostis]] elephanto, Plin.: v. Abstrakten, [[licentia]] studiorum perniciosissima [[hostis]], [[Feindin]], Quint. 2, 2, 10: si facultatem dicendi hostem veritatis invenerit, Quint. 12, 1, 2. – 2) insbes.: a) [[ein]] [[Feind]] in der [[Liebe]] = der [[Nebenbuhler]], Prop. u. Ov. – b) [[vor]] [[Gericht]] = der [[Gegner]] (= [[adversarius]]), Plaut. Curc. 5. – / Archaist. [[Form]] [[fostis]], Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 84, 5. | |georg=hostis, is, c., (got. gasts, ahd. gast, [[Fremdling]], [[Gast]]), I) der [[Fremde]], [[Fremdling]], Ausländer (= [[peregrinus]], Ggstz. [[civis]], s. [[Varro]] LL. 5, 3. Cic. de off. 1, 37. Macr. [[sat]]. 1, 16, 14), Plaut. trin. 102; Curc. 5. Hor. ep. 1, 15, 29. Ambros. de off. 1, 29, 141. – II) insbes., [[ein]] kriegführender Fremder = der [[Feind]] im Felde und Kriege, griech. [[πολέμιος]], (Ggstz. [[pacatus]]), [[sowie]] der offene [[Feind]] [[des]] Vaterlandes übh. (Ggstz. [[civis]]; [[dagegen]] [[inimicus]] = der [[Feind]] [[von]] [[Gesinnung]], εχθρός, Ggstz. [[amicus]]; [[adversarius]] = der [[Gegner]], [[Widersacher]] übh., [[ἀνταγωνιστής]], A) eig.: socii [[atque]] hostes, Sall.: cives hostesque, Liv.: hostes [[atque]] cives permixti, Sall.: [[pacatus]] an [[hostis]] sit, Cic.: [[maritimus]] [[ille]] et [[navalis]] [[hostis]], der zur [[See]] u. zu Schiffe kommt, Cic.: cives, hostes [[iuxta]] metuere, Sall.: [[impransus]] [[non]] [[qui]] civem dignosceret hoste, Hor.: [[Pompeius]] saepius cum hoste conflixit, [[quam]] [[quisquam]] cum [[inimico]] concertavit, Cic.: omnes [[nos]] statuit [[ille]] [[non]] inimicos, [[sed]] hostes, Cic.: vicimus perfidos hospites, imbelles hostes, Liv.: se, cum [[primum]] posset, hostem [[fore]] [[populo]] Romano, [[als]] [[Feind]] [[auftreten]] [[gegen]] usw., Liv.: [[Hannibal]] [[natus]] [[adversus]] Romanos [[hostis]], Liv.: hostem alqm iudicare, [[für]] [[einen]] [[Feind]] ([[des]] Vaterlandes) [[erklären]], Cic.: Sing. kollekt., [[obsessus]] [[multo]] hoste [[locus]], Sen ad Marc. 9, 3. – fem., [[capta]] [[hostis]], feindliche Gefangene, Liv. 30, 14, 2: [[ille]] uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11 (45), 4. – poet., vom Steine im Brettspiele, Ov. art. am. 2, 208. – B) übtr. = [[ein]] offener, [[tätlich]] verfahrender, erbitterter [[Feind]] in Privatverhältnissen, 1) im allg.: h. omnium hominum, Cic.: h. omnium bonorum, Sall. fr.: m. Dat., [[dis]] hominibusque [[hostis]], Cic. ([[mehr]] Beisp. s. [[Drak]]. Liv. 41, 16 extr.). – [[als]] fem., Ov. her. 6, 82; art. am. 2, 461. – v. Tieren, [[genitus]] [[hostis]] pecoris, v. Löwen, Catull.: [[rhinoceros]] [[hostis]] elephanto, Plin.: v. Abstrakten, [[licentia]] studiorum perniciosissima [[hostis]], [[Feindin]], Quint. 2, 2, 10: si facultatem dicendi hostem veritatis invenerit, Quint. 12, 1, 2. – 2) insbes.: a) [[ein]] [[Feind]] in der [[Liebe]] = der [[Nebenbuhler]], Prop. u. Ov. – b) [[vor]] [[Gericht]] = der [[Gegner]] (= [[adversarius]]), Plaut. Curc. 5. – / Archaist. [[Form]] [[fostis]], Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 84, 5. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{LaZh | ||
| | |lnztxt=hostis, is. m. :: 讎人。仇敵。客人。Hostem induere 當仇人。 | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:29, 12 June 2024
Latin > English
hostis hostis N C :: enemy (of the state); stranger, foreigner; the enemy (pl.)
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
hostis: (also fos-), is, comm. Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta,
I a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.: adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus ... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit, Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—
II An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).
A Lit.: qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.: omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes, id. Phil. 11, 1, 3; opp. inimicus, Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.): debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori, Quint. 12, 1, 35: legiones hostium, Plaut. Am. prol. 136: hostes nefarios prostravit, Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27: (bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia, id. Rep. 1, 1: vita ex hostium telis servata, id. ib. 1, 3: adventus hostium, id. ib. 2, 3: ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus, id. Lael. 9, 29: hostem rapinis prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4: quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset, Liv. 29, 10, 5: servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena, Hor. C. 3, 8, 21: terra marique victus hostis, id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.: inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri, Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.: inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta, id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58: sibi inimicus atque hostis, id. Fin. 5, 10, 29: horum omnium communis hostis praedoque, id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: tam dis hominibusque hostis, id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1: Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis, id. Mil. 15, 39: acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax), Hor. Epod. 6, 14: fas est et ab hoste doceri, Ov. M. 4, 428: di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum! Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35: quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.: hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83: nupta meretrici hostis est, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23: ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet, Liv. 30, 14, 2: cum certa videbitur hostis, Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18: ille uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11, 4.—
B Transf., of animals or things (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): qualem ministrum fulminis alitem ... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus, Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359: rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto, Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman: unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit, Ov. A. A. 3, 358: fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus, id. ib. 2, 208: rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit, Quint. 12, 1, 2: illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis, id. 2, 2, 10—
2 Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
hostis,⁴ is, m.,
1 étranger : Cic. Off. 1, 37
2 ennemi [de guerre], ennemi public : Pompeius sæpius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit Cic. Pomp. 28, Pompée s’est battu plus souvent contre l’ennemi qu’un particulier n’a combattu un adversaire, cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 105 ; Læl. 29 ; aliquem hostem judicare Cæs. G. 5, 56, 3, déclarer qqn ennemi public || f., ennemie : Liv. 30, 14, 2
3 ennemi [en gén.] : hostis alicujus Cic. Mil. 39 ; hostis alicui Cic. Phil. 2, 64, ennemi de qqn ; inimicus atque hostis alicui Cic. Fin. 5, 29, ayant de l’inimitié, de l’hostilité contre qqn || ennemi [en parl. des animaux] : Hor. O. 4, 4, 10 ; Plin. 8, 71 || pion de l’adversaire, pièce [au jeu de latrunculi ] : Ov. Ars 2, 208.
Latin > German (Georges)
hostis, is, c., (got. gasts, ahd. gast, Fremdling, Gast), I) der Fremde, Fremdling, Ausländer (= peregrinus, Ggstz. civis, s. Varro LL. 5, 3. Cic. de off. 1, 37. Macr. sat. 1, 16, 14), Plaut. trin. 102; Curc. 5. Hor. ep. 1, 15, 29. Ambros. de off. 1, 29, 141. – II) insbes., ein kriegführender Fremder = der Feind im Felde und Kriege, griech. πολέμιος, (Ggstz. pacatus), sowie der offene Feind des Vaterlandes übh. (Ggstz. civis; dagegen inimicus = der Feind von Gesinnung, εχθρός, Ggstz. amicus; adversarius = der Gegner, Widersacher übh., ἀνταγωνιστής, A) eig.: socii atque hostes, Sall.: cives hostesque, Liv.: hostes atque cives permixti, Sall.: pacatus an hostis sit, Cic.: maritimus ille et navalis hostis, der zur See u. zu Schiffe kommt, Cic.: cives, hostes iuxta metuere, Sall.: impransus non qui civem dignosceret hoste, Hor.: Pompeius saepius cum hoste conflixit, quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit, Cic.: omnes nos statuit ille non inimicos, sed hostes, Cic.: vicimus perfidos hospites, imbelles hostes, Liv.: se, cum primum posset, hostem fore populo Romano, als Feind auftreten gegen usw., Liv.: Hannibal natus adversus Romanos hostis, Liv.: hostem alqm iudicare, für einen Feind (des Vaterlandes) erklären, Cic.: Sing. kollekt., obsessus multo hoste locus, Sen ad Marc. 9, 3. – fem., capta hostis, feindliche Gefangene, Liv. 30, 14, 2: ille uxorem, tu hostem luges, Curt. 4, 11 (45), 4. – poet., vom Steine im Brettspiele, Ov. art. am. 2, 208. – B) übtr. = ein offener, tätlich verfahrender, erbitterter Feind in Privatverhältnissen, 1) im allg.: h. omnium hominum, Cic.: h. omnium bonorum, Sall. fr.: m. Dat., dis hominibusque hostis, Cic. (mehr Beisp. s. Drak. Liv. 41, 16 extr.). – als fem., Ov. her. 6, 82; art. am. 2, 461. – v. Tieren, genitus hostis pecoris, v. Löwen, Catull.: rhinoceros hostis elephanto, Plin.: v. Abstrakten, licentia studiorum perniciosissima hostis, Feindin, Quint. 2, 2, 10: si facultatem dicendi hostem veritatis invenerit, Quint. 12, 1, 2. – 2) insbes.: a) ein Feind in der Liebe = der Nebenbuhler, Prop. u. Ov. – b) vor Gericht = der Gegner (= adversarius), Plaut. Curc. 5. – / Archaist. Form fostis, Paul. ex Fest. 84, 5.
Latin > Chinese
hostis, is. m. :: 讎人。仇敵。客人。Hostem induere 當仇人。
