ἀρχιερεύς

English (LSJ)

έως, ὁ: Ion. ἀρχῐέρεως, εω, Hdt.2.37, also in Pl.Lg.947a: acc. pl. ἀρχιρέας v.l. in Hdt.2.142:—

   A arch-priest, chief-priest, ll. cc., freq. in Inscrr., νήσου OGI93.3 (Cyprus), etc.: esp. in Roman provinces, of the Imperial cult, ἀ. Ἀσίας ib. 458.31, etc., cf. PRyl.149.2 (i A. D.), etc.:—at Rome, = pontifex, Plu. Num.9, etc.; ἀ. μέγιστος, = pontifex maximus, SIG832, etc. (but ἀρχιερεύς alone, IG7.2711, etc.):—at Jerusalem, high-priest, LXX Le. 4.3, Ev.Matt.26.3, etc. (Spelt ἀρχι-ιερεύς IGRom.4.882 (Themisonium)).

German (Pape)

[Seite 366] ὁ, Oberpriester, Her. 2, 143 u. öfter; pontifex maximus, Plut. Num. 9.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἀρχιερεύς: έως, ὁ: Ἰων. ἀρχιέρεως, εω, ὁ, Ἡρόδ. 2. 37, ὡσαύτως ἐν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 947Α: αἰτ. πλ. ἀρχιρέας (ἐκ τοῦ ἀρχιρεὺς) Ἡρόδ. 2. 142: - ἀρχιερεύς, ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ. καὶ συχν. ἐν Ἐπιγρ., Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 381-3, 479, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ Pontifex Maximus, Πλούτ. Νουμ. 9· ἀρχ. μέγιστος, ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 320, 1305, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ὁ ἀνώτατος ἱερεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κς΄, 3, κτλ.

French (Bailly abrégé)

έως (ὁ) :
grand-prêtre.
Étymologie: ἄρχω, ἱερεύς.

Spanish (DGE)

-έως, ὁ

• Alolema(s): jón. ἀρχιέρεως Hdt.2.37; eol. ἀρχείρευς IG 12(2).239.6; ἀρχίρευς IG 12(2).249.5 (Mitilene, imper.); ἀρχιιερεύς IGR 4.882 (Temisonio); ἀρχιγερεύς PHib.62.8 (III a.C.), PPetr.3.53p2 (III a.C.) en BL 1.382

• Morfología: [sg. ac. ἀρχιερῆ IEphesos 4333.3.4 (II d.C.); plu. gen. ἀρχιέρεων Pl.Lg.947a, poét. ἀρχιερήων GVI 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.); ac. ἀρχιερέας Hdt.2.142]
I 1sumo o gran sacerdote
a) en Egipto ἱρᾶται δὲ οὐκ εἷς ἑκάστου τῶν θεῶν ἀλλὰ πολλοί, τῶν εἷς ἐστι ἀ. Hdt.2.37, cf. 142, 143, 151
•en el Egipto heleníst. ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ προφῆται OGI 56.3, ἐπιστάτης καὶ ἀ. καὶ οἱ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γραμματεῖς OGI 56.73 (III a.C.), cf. PHib.l.c., PPetr.l.c., POxy.3506.20 (III d.C.);
b) en Siria, Syria 1976 p.129 (I a.C.), Luc.DSyr.36;
c) de dioses griegos sincretizados con otros egipcios u orientales PEleph.25.6 (III a.C.), τοῦ Διός A.Barn.1 (p.292.10);
d) de dioses griegos en cultos utópicos, Pl.Lg.947a;
e) unido a un tít. milit. y prob. ref. a cultos reales heleníst. στραταγὸς καὶ ἀ. Συρίας κοίλας OGI 230.2 (III/II a.C.), cf. CRAI 1938.305-7, ἀρχιερεὺς τῆς νήσου OGI 93.3 (Chipre III/II a.C.);
f) en época romana dedicado al culto del emperador y a funciones administrativas ἀ. τῆς Ἀσίας CRIA 54.5 (Heraclea de la Salbace I d.C.), cf. Mart.Pol.21, en el Egipto romano PRyl.149.2 (I d.C.), ἀ. Ἀδριανοῦ PAmh.124.26 (III d.C.), de Caracalla IM 198.7, cf. BGU 362.12.3, POxy.2768.6 (III d.C.), de la emperatriz ἀ. Φαυστίνης PAmh.124.28 (III d.C.), adscrito hereditariamente a ciertas familias ἀφ' αἵματος ἀρχιερήων GVI 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.).
2 en Roma
a) en sg. pontífice máximo Plb.22.3.2, 32.6.5, Plu.2.89f
•adoptado como título por Julio César y los emperadores romanos IG 7.2711.22, ἀ. καὶ δικτάτωρ IG 2².3222 (I a.C.), IGR 4.304 (I a.C.), ἀ. καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ IG 12(5).556 (I a.C.), SIG 760, καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀ. I.AI 16.162
•tb. llamado ἀ. ποντιφίκων D.C.37.37.2, precisado como μέγιστος: Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ ἀ. μέγιστος I.AI 19.287, ἀ. μέγιστος Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ ... Ἁδριανός IG 12(3)177.4 (Astipalea), cf. IEphesos l.c., de Vespasiano IGR 4.267, de Domiciano MAMA 6.2 (Laodicea del Lico I d.C.), de Antonino Pío MAMA 4.235.10 (Timandro, Frigia), PAnt.191.12 (III d.C.), de emperadores cristianos τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ βασιλεῖ CEph.(449) Act.p.138.28;
b) en plu. pontífices ἐπὶ τοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι κειμένου πίνακος en la tabla (de anales) depositada en el colegio pontifical D.H.1.74 (= Plb.6.11a.2), ἡ τῶν ἀρχιερέων (διάταξις) οὓς ποντίφικας καλοῦσιν Plu.Num.9.
3 en el culto judío y luego crist.
a) en sg. sumo sacerdote Aristeas 1, LXX Le.4.3, Io.22.13, 1Ma.10.20, 32, Ph.1.684, ἀ. μέγας LXX 1Ma.13.42, como presidente del sanedrín Eu.Matt.26.57, 62, ἐσθῆτας τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως I.BI 1.26, cf. Plu.2.672a
•fig. de Cristo Ep.Heb.2.17, 3.1, del arcángel en rel. al ángel, Clem.Al.Ex.Thdot.27(p.116.5), del apóstol o profeta crist. Didache 13.3, Epiph.Const.Haer.29.4 (p.324.21)
•gener. del cristiano, Iust.Phil.Dial.116.3, o de su alma perfeccionada, Clem.Al.Strom.2.9.45;
b) en plu. príncipes de los sacerdotes, miembros de la aristocracia sacerdotal, Eu.Luc.23.13, Eu.Marc.8.31, Ὀνίας μὲν εἷς τῶν ἀρχιερέων I.BI 1.31
•οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς el sanedrín, Act.Ap.9.14, cf. Nonn.Par.Eu.Io.19.6.
4 sólo en época crist. alta jerarquía eclesiástica de los obispos, Gr.Naz.Ep.167, Const.App.2.57.16, de patriarcas Pall.VChrys.7p.39, cf. MAMA 1.208 (Laodicea Combusta).
II ὁ Ἀ. el mes Arquiereo, Hemerolog.Flor.p.106, cf. ἀρχιέριος 1.

English (Abbott-Smith)

ἀρχιερεύς, -έως, ὁ, [in LXX for כּ הָרֹאשׁ,כּ הַגָּדוֹל ,כּהֵן;]
1.high-priest: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al.
2.In pl., chief priests, including ex-high-priests and members of high-priestly families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.).

English (Strong)

from ἀρχή and ἱερεύς; the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest: chief (high) priest, chief of the priests.

English (Thayer)

ἀρχιερέως, ὁ, chief priest, high priest.
1. He who above all others was honored with the title of priest, the chief of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts , and the Epistle to the Heb. It was lawful for him to perform the common duties of the priesthood; but his chief duty was, once a year on the day of atonement, to enter the Holy of holies (from which the other priests were excluded) and offer sacrifice for his own sins and the sins of the people (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; see Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB under the word Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., see under the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) above alluded to are given, together with a brief notice of each, in an article by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).
2. The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, which occurs often in the Gospels and Acts , as Josephus, comprises, in addition to the one actually holding the high priestly office, both those who had previously discharged it and although deposed continued to have great power in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; see Αννας above), as well as the members of the families from which high priests were created, provided they had much influence in public affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on this point the learned discussion by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, besides reviewing the opinions of the more recent writers, contends that in no instance where indubitable reference to the heads of the twenty-four classes is made (neither in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are they called ἀρχιερεῖς; that the nearest approximations to this term are periphrases such as ἄρχοντες τῶν ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι τῶν ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and that the word ἀρχιερεῖς was restricted in its application to those who actually held, or had held, the high priestly office, together with the members of the few prominent families from which the high priests still continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)
3. In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called 'high priest,' because by undergoing a bloody death he offered himself as an expiatory sacrifice to God, and has entered the heavenly sanctuary where he continually intercedes on our behalf: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the word is used by Herodotus 2 (37), 142) 143,151; Plato, legg. 12, p. 947a.; Polybius 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; Plutarch, Numa c. 9, others; (often in Inscriptions); once (viz., Sept., where ἱερεύς μέγας is usual, in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and often in the books of Maccabees.

Greek Monotonic

ἀρχιερεύς: -έως, ὁ, Ιων. ἀρχιέρεως, -ω, αιτ. πληθ. ἀρχιρέας (από ἀρχιρεύς)· αρχιερέας, ανώτερος ιερέας, ποιμενάρχης, σε Ηρόδ.· στη Ρώμη, Pontifex Maximus, σε Πλούτ.· στην Ιερουσαλήμ, ανώτατος ιερέας των Ιουδαίων, σε Καινή Διαθήκη

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἀρχιερεύς: έως ὁ
1) верховный жрец Plat.;
2) (в Риме) = pontifex maximus Polyb., Plut.;
3) (у евреев) первосвященник NT.