ἄφενος: Difference between revisions

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λέγεις, ἃ δὲ λέγεις ἕνεκα τοῦ λαβεῖν λέγεις → you speak, but you say what you say for the sake of gain (Menander, fr. 776)

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m (Text replacement - " l.c." to " l.c.")
m (Text replacement - "Reichthum" to "Reichtum")
 
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|Transliteration C=afenos
|Transliteration C=afenos
|Beta Code=a)/fenos
|Beta Code=a)/fenos
|Definition=εος, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[revenue]], [[riches]], [[wealth]], [[abundance]], ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν <span class="bibl">Il.1.171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.299</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>; μύρμηκος Crates Theb.10.7; of the [[wealth]] of the gods, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>112</span>: masc. acc. [[ἄφενον]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Op.</span>24</span>: gen. οιο <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>96</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.234 (Crin.); cf. [[ἄφνος]].</span>
|Definition=εος, τό, [[revenue]], [[riches]], [[wealth]], [[abundance]], ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Il.1.171, cf. 23.299, Thgn.30; μύρμηκος Crates Theb.10.7; of the [[wealth]] of the gods, Hes.''Th.''112: masc. acc. [[ἄφενον]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Id.''Op.''24: gen. οιο Call.''Jov.''96, ''AP''9.234 (Crin.); cf. [[ἄφνος]].
}}
{{DGE
|dgtxt=-ους, τό<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [tb. ὁ ἄ. Hes.<i>Op</i>.24 (var.), Thgn.130; gen. -οιο Call.<i>Iou</i>.96, <i>AP</i> 9.234 (Crinag.)]<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[riqueza]] en origen tal vez proc. de la ganadería μέγα [[γάρ]] οἱ ἔδωκε Ζεὺς ἄ. <i>Il</i>.23.299, οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἐστ' ἄ. τοσσοῦτον (explicado como riqueza ganadera) <i>Od</i>.14.99, ganadera y agrícola οὐκ ἄ. φεύγων οὐδὲ πλοῦτόν τε καὶ ὄλβον Hes.<i>Op</i>.637, cf. 24, <i>h.Cer</i>.489, unido a otros tipos de riqueza y honores οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω ἔνθαδ' [[ἄτιμος]] ἐὼν ἄ. καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν <i>Il</i>.1.171, τιμὰς μηδ' ἀρετὰς ἕλκεο μηδ' ἄ. Thgn.30, cf. 130, como propia de dioses, Hes.<i>Th</i>.112, y reyes, Man.3.188<br /><b class="num">•</b>como algo más abstracto [[bien(es)]] ταῦτ' ἄ. θνητοῖσι (el placer, la juventud, la belleza, etc.), Sol.14.7 (= Thgn.725), cf. Call.<i>Iou</i>.94, 96, μύρμηκός τ' ἄ. χρήματα μαιόμενος deseando riquezas como bien de la hormiga</i> Crates.Theb.<i>SHell</i>.359.7, ἐπ' ὄνειρα διαγράψεις ἀφένοιο; <i>AP</i> [[l.c.]]<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[fruto anual]], [[cosecha]] Hsch.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Etim. dud. Se ha rel. c. ai. <i>apnas</i> ‘[[riqueza]]’ pero presenta dificultades fonéticas. Tb. se ha rel. c. het. <i>ḫappin</i>- ‘[[rico]]’ y se trataría de un préstamo de alguna lengua anatolia. Para su rel. c. [[ἀφνειός]] se postula una síncopa de la segunda sílaba. Tb. se ha rel. c. ai. <i>aghnyā</i>- ‘[[semental]]’, de *<i>ag<sup>u̯</sup>henos</i> de una raíz *<i>g<sup>u̯</sup>hen</i>- ‘[[hinchar]]’, ‘[[rebosar]]’, pero es hipotético.
}}
}}
{{pape
{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0408.png Seite 408]] (Ableitung unsicher, vgl. Buttmann Lexil. 1, 46), τό, [[reichlicher Vorrath]], [[Reichthum]]; Hom. dreimal, Iliad. 1, 171 [[ἄφενος]] καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν, [[ἄφενος]] u. [[πλοῦτος]] steht auf Homer. Art παραλλήλως, beides bedeutet dasselbe, vgl. Apoll. lex. Hom. p. 48, 30 <b class="b2">[[ἄφενος]]</b> [[πλοῦτος]] – ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ [[ἀφνειος]] ὁ [[πλούσιος]]; Iliad. 23, 299 μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκει Ζεὺς [[ἄφενος]]; Odyss. 14, 99 οὐδὲ [[ξυνεείκοσι]] φωτῶν ἔστ' [[ἄφενος]] τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω. δώδεκ' ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα [[πώεα]] οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ [[αὐτοῦ]] βώτορες ἄνδρες. [[ἔνθα]] δέ τ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] παντα ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντ, ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὀρονται. – αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε [[φυλάσσω]] τε ῥύομαί τε; – vom Reichthume der Götter, Hes. Th. 112. – Bei Hes. O. 24 ist es masc., wie Call. Iov. 96; Crinag. ep. 33 (IX, 234).
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0408.png Seite 408]] (Ableitung unsicher, vgl. Buttmann Lexil. 1, 46), τό, [[reichlicher Vorrath]], [[Reichtum]]; Hom. dreimal, Iliad. 1, 171 [[ἄφενος]] καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν, [[ἄφενος]] u. [[πλοῦτος]] steht auf Homer. Art παραλλήλως, beides bedeutet dasselbe, vgl. Apoll. lex. Hom. p. 48, 30 <b class="b2">[[ἄφενος]]</b> [[πλοῦτος]] – ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ [[ἀφνειος]] ὁ [[πλούσιος]]; Iliad. 23, 299 μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκει Ζεὺς [[ἄφενος]]; Odyss. 14, 99 οὐδὲ [[ξυνεείκοσι]] φωτῶν ἔστ' [[ἄφενος]] τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω. δώδεκ' ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα [[πώεα]] οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες. [[ἔνθα]] δέ τ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] παντα ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντ, ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὀρονται. – αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε [[φυλάσσω]] τε ῥύομαί τε; – vom Reichtume der Götter, Hes. Th. 112. – Bei Hes. O. 24 ist es masc., wie Call. Iov. 96; Crinag. ep. 33 (IX, 234).
}}
{{bailly
|btext=(τό) :<br /><i>seul. nom. et acc. sg.</i><br />[[richesse]], [[biens]], [[abondance]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Ἀπ acquérir ; cf. <i>lat.</i> [[ops]].
}}
{{elru
|elrutext='''ἄφενος:''' (ᾰ) τό (только nom. и acc. sing.; Hes., Anth. - ὁ ἄ.) богатство, изобилие, достаток Hom.
}}
}}
{{ls
{{ls
|lstext='''ἄφενος''': (καὶ παρὰ Πινδ. [[ἄφνος]]), τό, [[πρόσοδος]], [[περιουσία]], [[ὄλβος]], [[ἀφθονία]] ἀγαθῶν, [[ἄφενος]] καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Ἰλ. Α. 171, πρβλ. Ψ. 298, Θέογν. 30· ἐπὶ τοῦ πλούτου τῶν θεῶν, ὥς τ’ [[ἄφενος]] δάσσαντο καὶ ὡς τιμὰς διέλοντο Ἡσ. ἐν Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 24, Καλλ. ἐν Ὕμνῳ εἰς Δία 96, Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 234. (Ὁ ἀρχικὸς [[τύπος]] ἦτο πιθανῶς [[ἄφνος]] ([[ὁπόθεν]] [[ἀφνειός]]), τὸ δὲ ε παρεισήχθη ὑπὸ τῶν Ἐπ. ποιητῶν· πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ap-nas (εἰσόδημα, [[περιουσία]]), Λατ. op-es, op-ulentus, copia, δηλ. co-op-ia). - Ἴδε καὶ Κόντον ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς τόμ. Αʹ, σ. 66.
|lstext='''ἄφενος''': (καὶ παρὰ Πινδ. [[ἄφνος]]), τό, [[πρόσοδος]], [[περιουσία]], [[ὄλβος]], [[ἀφθονία]] ἀγαθῶν, [[ἄφενος]] καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Ἰλ. Α. 171, πρβλ. Ψ. 298, Θέογν. 30· ἐπὶ τοῦ πλούτου τῶν θεῶν, ὥς τ’ [[ἄφενος]] δάσσαντο καὶ ὡς τιμὰς διέλοντο Ἡσ. ἐν Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 24, Καλλ. ἐν Ὕμνῳ εἰς Δία 96, Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 234. (Ὁ ἀρχικὸς [[τύπος]] ἦτο πιθανῶς [[ἄφνος]] ([[ὁπόθεν]] [[ἀφνειός]]), τὸ δὲ ε παρεισήχθη ὑπὸ τῶν Ἐπ. ποιητῶν· πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ap-nas (εἰσόδημα, [[περιουσία]]), Λατ. op-es, op-ulentus, copia, δηλ. co-op-ia). - Ἴδε καὶ Κόντον ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς τόμ. Αʹ, σ. 66.
}}
{{bailly
|btext=(τό) :<br /><i>seul. nom. et acc. sg.</i><br />richesse, biens, abondance.<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Ἀπ acquérir ; cf. <i>lat.</i> ops.
}}
}}
{{Autenrieth
{{Autenrieth
|auten=neut.: [[large]] possessions, [[riches]].
|auten=neut.: [[large]] possessions, [[riches]].
}}
{{DGE
|dgtxt=-ους, τό<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [tb. ὁ ἄ. Hes.<i>Op</i>.24 (var.), Thgn.130; gen. -οιο Call.<i>Iou</i>.96, <i>AP</i> 9.234 (Crinag.)]<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[riqueza]] en origen tal vez proc. de la ganadería μέγα [[γάρ]] οἱ ἔδωκε Ζεὺς ἄ. <i>Il</i>.23.299, οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἐστ' ἄ. τοσσοῦτον (explicado como riqueza ganadera) <i>Od</i>.14.99, ganadera y agrícola οὐκ ἄ. φεύγων οὐδὲ πλοῦτόν τε καὶ ὄλβον Hes.<i>Op</i>.637, cf. 24, <i>h.Cer</i>.489, unido a otros tipos de riqueza y honores οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω ἔνθαδ' [[ἄτιμος]] ἐὼν ἄ. καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν <i>Il</i>.1.171, τιμὰς μηδ' ἀρετὰς ἕλκεο μηδ' ἄ. Thgn.30, cf. 130, como propia de dioses, Hes.<i>Th</i>.112, y reyes, Man.3.188<br /><b class="num">•</b>como algo más abstracto [[bien(es)]] ταῦτ' ἄ. θνητοῖσι (el placer, la juventud, la belleza, etc.), Sol.14.7 (= Thgn.725), cf. Call.<i>Iou</i>.94, 96, μύρμηκός τ' ἄ. χρήματα μαιόμενος deseando riquezas como bien de la hormiga</i> Crates.Theb.<i>SHell</i>.359.7, ἐπ' ὄνειρα διαγράψεις ἀφένοιο; <i>AP</i> [[l.c.]]<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[fruto anual]], [[cosecha]] Hsch.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Etim. dud. Se ha rel. c. ai. <i>apnas</i> ‘riqueza’ pero presenta dificultades fonéticas. Tb. se ha rel. c. het. <i>ḫappin</i>- ‘rico’ y se trataría de un préstamo de alguna lengua anatolia. Para su rel. c. [[ἀφνειός]] se postula una síncopa de la segunda sílaba. Tb. se ha rel. c. ai. <i>aghnyā</i>- ‘semental’, de *<i>ag<sup>u̯</sup>henos</i> de una raíz *<i>g<sup>u̯</sup>hen</i>- ‘hinchar’, ‘rebosar’, pero es hipotético.
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{{grml
{{grml
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{{lsm
{{lsm
|lsmtext='''ἄφενος:''' τό, [[πρόσοδος]], [[περιουσία]], [[αφθονία]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Θέογν. (από την [[ίδια]] [[ρίζα]] όπως το Λατ. op-es).
|lsmtext='''ἄφενος:''' τό, [[πρόσοδος]], [[περιουσία]], [[αφθονία]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Θέογν. (από την [[ίδια]] [[ρίζα]] όπως το Λατ. op-es).
}}
{{elru
|elrutext='''ἄφενος:''' (ᾰ) τό (только nom. и acc. sing.; Hes., Anth. - ὁ ἄ.) богатство, изобилие, достаток Hom.
}}
}}
{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[wealth]] (Il.). On the meaning Hemelrijk, [[Πενία]], diss. Utrecht 1926.<br />Other forms: m. (after [[πλοῦτος]], Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />Compounds: [[εὐηφενής]] (Il.; the better attested [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εὐηγενής]] is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN <b class="b3">Δι-</b>, <b class="b3">Κλε-</b>, <b class="b3">Τιμ-αφένης</b>.<br />Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) [[ἀφνειός]] (Il.), later [[ἀφνεός]] [[rich]] (Il.). From here retrograde [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. Fr. 219).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> [[rich]]<br />Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. <b class="b2">ápnas-</b> n. [[possessions]], [[riches]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. [[ὄμπνη]]; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as <b class="b2">*apsnos</b>). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. <b class="b2">happina(nt)-</b> [[rich]], is remarkable. The postulated verb <b class="b2">hap-(zi)</b> is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's <b class="b2">h₁op-</b> is impossible (<b class="b2">h₁-</b> disappears in Hittite); but Lat. [[opulentus]] < <b class="b2">*op-en-ent-</b> is improbable: <b class="b2">-ulentus</b> is a frequent suffix in Latin, and <b class="b2">-ant</b> is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of <b class="b2">-ulentus</b> (I also doubt the dissmilation [[n]] - [[nt]], with [[t]] after the second [[n]]; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the <b class="b2">-en-</b> has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after <b class="b2">op-</b>; thus the connection of [[opulentus]] with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from <b class="b2">*n̥-gʷʰn-o-</b>, parallel to <b class="b2">-io-</b> in Skt. <b class="b2">ághnya-</b> <b class="b2">(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed</b>. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from <b class="b2">*n̥gʷʰn-es-o-</b> > <b class="b3">ἀφνεό-</b>, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after [[σθένος]], which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic [[εὐηφενής]]). For Greek a root <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form [[ἀφνεός]] may be explained following Balles: <b class="b2">*h₂bʰnes--</b>, with ablaut as in [[ἄλγος]] - [[ἀλεγεινός]] (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as <b class="b3">*ἀφνεοιο</b> is impossible in the hexameter and <b class="b3">*ἀφνεος</b>, <b class="b3">-ν</b> etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading <b class="b2">*ḫpina-</b> is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have <b class="b3">κ-</b>, the [[φ]] would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[wealth]] (Il.). On the meaning Hemelrijk, [[Πενία]], diss. Utrecht 1926.<br />Other forms: m. (after [[πλοῦτος]], Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />Compounds: [[εὐηφενής]] (Il.; the better attested [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εὐηγενής]] is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN <b class="b3">Δι-</b>, <b class="b3">Κλε-</b>, <b class="b3">Τιμ-αφένης</b>.<br />Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) [[ἀφνειός]] (Il.), later [[ἀφνεός]] [[rich]] (Il.). From here retrograde [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. Fr. 219).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> [[rich]]<br />Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. <b class="b2">ápnas-</b> n. [[possessions]], [[riches]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. [[ὄμπνη]]; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as <b class="b2">*apsnos</b>). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. <b class="b2">happina(nt)-</b> [[rich]], is remarkable. The postulated verb <b class="b2">hap-(zi)</b> is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's [[h₁op-]] is impossible ([[h₁-]] disappears in Hittite); but Lat. [[opulentus]] < <b class="b2">*op-en-ent-</b> is improbable: [[-ulentus]] is a frequent suffix in Latin, and [[-ant]] is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of [[-ulentus]] (I also doubt the dissmilation [[n]] - [[nt]], with [[t]] after the second [[n]]; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the [[-en-]] has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after [[op-]]; thus the connection of [[opulentus]] with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from <b class="b2">*n̥-gʷʰn-o-</b>, parallel to [[-io-]] in Skt. <b class="b2">ághnya-</b> <b class="b2">(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed</b>. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from <b class="b2">*n̥gʷʰn-es-o-</b> > <b class="b3">ἀφνεό-</b>, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after [[σθένος]], which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic [[εὐηφενής]]). For Greek a root <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form [[ἀφνεός]] may be explained following Balles: <b class="b2">*h₂bʰnes-ó-</b>, with ablaut as in [[ἄλγος]] - [[ἀλεγεινός]] (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as <b class="b3">*ἀφνεοιο</b> is impossible in the hexameter and <b class="b3">*ἀφνεος</b>, <b class="b3">-ν</b> etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading <b class="b2">*ḫpina-</b> is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have <b class="b3">κ-</b>, the [[φ]] would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.
}}
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{{mdlsj
{{mdlsj
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{{FriskDe
{{FriskDe
|ftr='''ἄφενος''': {áphenos}<br />'''Forms''': (auch m., wohl nach [[πλοῦτος]], vgl. Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Reichtum]], [[Vermögen]] (ep. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon (mit Vokalsynkope und auffallender Endbetonung) [[ἀφνειός]], [[ἀφνεός]] [[reich]], [[begütert]] (poet. seit Il.; über Gebrauch und Bedeutung Hemelrijk [[Πενία]] en [[Πλοῦτος]]. Diss. Utrecht 1925). Daraus durch Rückbildung [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. ''Fr''. 219). — Erweiterte Form [[ἀφνήμων]] (Antim.) nach [[πολυκτήμων]] und anderen Adj. auf -ήμων. — Als Hinterglied in den EN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμαφένης. — Denominatives Verb [[ἀφνύει]], ἀφνύνει· ὀλβίζει H.; ῥυδὸν ἀφνύνονται· πλουτοῦσιν Suid. (vgl. Schwyzer 728).<br />'''Etymology''' : Unerklärt. Die Zusammenstellung mit ai. ''ápnas''- n. [[Besitz]], [[Reichtum]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; vgl. s. [[ὄμπνη]]) ist u. a. von Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515 wieder aufgenommen worden unter Annahme einer Grundform *''apsnos''- (> [[ἄφνος]]), die die offenbar ältere Form [[ἄφενος]] nicht berücksichtigt. — Ältere Versuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 679. "Pelasgische" Erklärung bei van Windekens Le Pélasgique 74f.<br />'''Page''' 1,195
|ftr='''ἄφενος''': {áphenos}<br />'''Forms''': (auch m., wohl nach [[πλοῦτος]], vgl. Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Reichtum]], [[Vermögen]] (ep. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon (mit Vokalsynkope und auffallender Endbetonung) [[ἀφνειός]], [[ἀφνεός]] [[reich]], [[begütert]] (poet. seit Il.; über Gebrauch und Bedeutung Hemelrijk [[Πενία]] en [[Πλοῦτος]]. Diss. Utrecht 1925). Daraus durch Rückbildung [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. ''Fr''. 219). — Erweiterte Form [[ἀφνήμων]] (Antim.) nach [[πολυκτήμων]] und anderen Adj. auf -ήμων. — Als Hinterglied in den EN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμαφένης. — Denominatives Verb [[ἀφνύει]], ἀφνύνει· ὀλβίζει H.; ῥυδὸν ἀφνύνονται· πλουτοῦσιν Suid. (vgl. Schwyzer 728).<br />'''Etymology''': Unerklärt. Die Zusammenstellung mit ai. ''ápnas''- n. [[Besitz]], [[Reichtum]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; vgl. s. [[ὄμπνη]]) ist u. a. von Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515 wieder aufgenommen worden unter Annahme einer Grundform *''apsnos''- (> [[ἄφνος]]), die die offenbar ältere Form [[ἄφενος]] nicht berücksichtigt. — Ältere Versuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 679. "Pelasgische" Erklärung bei van Windekens Le Pélasgique 74f.<br />'''Page''' 1,195
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Latest revision as of 19:43, 21 November 2023

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Full diacritics: ἄφενος Medium diacritics: ἄφενος Low diacritics: άφενος Capitals: ΑΦΕΝΟΣ
Transliteration A: áphenos Transliteration B: aphenos Transliteration C: afenos Beta Code: a)/fenos

English (LSJ)

εος, τό, revenue, riches, wealth, abundance, ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Il.1.171, cf. 23.299, Thgn.30; μύρμηκος Crates Theb.10.7; of the wealth of the gods, Hes.Th.112: masc. acc. ἄφενον v.l. in Id.Op.24: gen. οιο Call.Jov.96, AP9.234 (Crin.); cf. ἄφνος.

Spanish (DGE)

-ους, τό
• Morfología: [tb. ὁ ἄ. Hes.Op.24 (var.), Thgn.130; gen. -οιο Call.Iou.96, AP 9.234 (Crinag.)]
1 riqueza en origen tal vez proc. de la ganadería μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκε Ζεὺς ἄ. Il.23.299, οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἐστ' ἄ. τοσσοῦτον (explicado como riqueza ganadera) Od.14.99, ganadera y agrícola οὐκ ἄ. φεύγων οὐδὲ πλοῦτόν τε καὶ ὄλβον Hes.Op.637, cf. 24, h.Cer.489, unido a otros tipos de riqueza y honores οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω ἔνθαδ' ἄτιμος ἐὼν ἄ. καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Il.1.171, τιμὰς μηδ' ἀρετὰς ἕλκεο μηδ' ἄ. Thgn.30, cf. 130, como propia de dioses, Hes.Th.112, y reyes, Man.3.188
como algo más abstracto bien(es) ταῦτ' ἄ. θνητοῖσι (el placer, la juventud, la belleza, etc.), Sol.14.7 (= Thgn.725), cf. Call.Iou.94, 96, μύρμηκός τ' ἄ. χρήματα μαιόμενος deseando riquezas como bien de la hormiga Crates.Theb.SHell.359.7, ἐπ' ὄνειρα διαγράψεις ἀφένοιο; AP l.c.
2 fruto anual, cosecha Hsch.
• Etimología: Etim. dud. Se ha rel. c. ai. apnasriqueza’ pero presenta dificultades fonéticas. Tb. se ha rel. c. het. ḫappin- ‘rico’ y se trataría de un préstamo de alguna lengua anatolia. Para su rel. c. ἀφνειός se postula una síncopa de la segunda sílaba. Tb. se ha rel. c. ai. aghnyā- ‘semental’, de *aghenos de una raíz *ghen- ‘hinchar’, ‘rebosar’, pero es hipotético.

German (Pape)

[Seite 408] (Ableitung unsicher, vgl. Buttmann Lexil. 1, 46), τό, reichlicher Vorrath, Reichtum; Hom. dreimal, Iliad. 1, 171 ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν, ἄφενος u. πλοῦτος steht auf Homer. Art παραλλήλως, beides bedeutet dasselbe, vgl. Apoll. lex. Hom. p. 48, 30 ἄφενος πλοῦτος – ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἀφνειοςπλούσιος; Iliad. 23, 299 μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκει Ζεὺς ἄφενος; Odyss. 14, 99 οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἔστ' ἄφενος τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω. δώδεκ' ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα πώεα οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες. ἔνθα δέ τ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν ἕνδεκα παντα ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντ, ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὀρονται. – αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε φυλάσσω τε ῥύομαί τε; – vom Reichtume der Götter, Hes. Th. 112. – Bei Hes. O. 24 ist es masc., wie Call. Iov. 96; Crinag. ep. 33 (IX, 234).

French (Bailly abrégé)

(τό) :
seul. nom. et acc. sg.
richesse, biens, abondance.
Étymologie: R. Ἀπ acquérir ; cf. lat. ops.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἄφενος: (ᾰ) τό (только nom. и acc. sing.; Hes., Anth. - ὁ ἄ.) богатство, изобилие, достаток Hom.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἄφενος: (καὶ παρὰ Πινδ. ἄφνος), τό, πρόσοδος, περιουσία, ὄλβος, ἀφθονία ἀγαθῶν, ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν Ἰλ. Α. 171, πρβλ. Ψ. 298, Θέογν. 30· ἐπὶ τοῦ πλούτου τῶν θεῶν, ὥς τ’ ἄφενος δάσσαντο καὶ ὡς τιμὰς διέλοντο Ἡσ. ἐν Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 24, Καλλ. ἐν Ὕμνῳ εἰς Δία 96, Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 234. (Ὁ ἀρχικὸς τύπος ἦτο πιθανῶς ἄφνος (ὁπόθεν ἀφνειός), τὸ δὲ ε παρεισήχθη ὑπὸ τῶν Ἐπ. ποιητῶν· πρβλ. Σανσκρ. ap-nas (εἰσόδημα, περιουσία), Λατ. op-es, op-ulentus, copia, δηλ. co-op-ia). - Ἴδε καὶ Κόντον ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς τόμ. Αʹ, σ. 66.

English (Autenrieth)

neut.: large possessions, riches.

Greek Monolingual

ἄφενος, το (Α)
περιουσία, πρόσοδος, αφθονία αγαθών, βίος.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβαιης ετυμολ. Η σύνδεση με αρχ. ινδ. άpnas- «περιουσία, πλούτος», παρ' όλο που είναι σημασιολογικά ικανοποιητική, δεν εξηγεί το δασύ -φ- του ελλ. τ., πράγμα που οδήγησε στην αναγωγή της λ. σε ινδοευρ. apsnos (πρβλ. λιθ. āpstas), που δικαιολογεί μεν το δασύ, αφήνει όμως ανερμήνευτο το -ε-. Είναι ίσως προτιμότερο να συνδεθεί ο τ. με χεττ. happin-ant- «πλούσιος», happineš- «γίνομαι πλούσιος» και happinah- «κάνω κάποιον πλούσιο» (< ινδοευρ. op-en) και να θεωρηθεί δάνεια λ. ανατολικής προελεύσεως, σχηματισμένη από μία έρρινη ρίζα και επίθημα -es-, παρεκτεταμένο με ένα -η- που απαντά στο λατ. mūnus «δώρο, χάρισμα» κ.ά.].

Greek Monotonic

ἄφενος: τό, πρόσοδος, περιουσία, αφθονία, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Θέογν. (από την ίδια ρίζα όπως το Λατ. op-es).

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: wealth (Il.). On the meaning Hemelrijk, Πενία, diss. Utrecht 1926.
Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).
Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v.l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.
Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός rich (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] *h₂bʰen- rich
Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. possessions, riches (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as *apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- rich, is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible (h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus < *op-en-ent- is improbable: -ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and -ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of -ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the -en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to -io- in Skt. ághnya- (the valuable animal which is) not to be killed. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- > ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root *h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.

Middle Liddell

[From same Root as Lat. opes.]
riches, wealth, plenty, Il., Theogn.

Frisk Etymology German

ἄφενος: {áphenos}
Forms: (auch m., wohl nach πλοῦτος, vgl. Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Reichtum, Vermögen (ep. poet. seit Il.).
Derivative: Davon (mit Vokalsynkope und auffallender Endbetonung) ἀφνειός, ἀφνεός reich, begütert (poet. seit Il.; über Gebrauch und Bedeutung Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925). Daraus durch Rückbildung ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219). — Erweiterte Form ἀφνήμων (Antim.) nach πολυκτήμων und anderen Adj. auf -ήμων. — Als Hinterglied in den EN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμαφένης. — Denominatives Verb ἀφνύει, ἀφνύνει· ὀλβίζει H.; ῥυδὸν ἀφνύνονται· πλουτοῦσιν Suid. (vgl. Schwyzer 728).
Etymology: Unerklärt. Die Zusammenstellung mit ai. ápnas- n. Besitz, Reichtum (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; vgl. s. ὄμπνη) ist u. a. von Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515 wieder aufgenommen worden unter Annahme einer Grundform *apsnos- (> ἄφνος), die die offenbar ältere Form ἄφενος nicht berücksichtigt. — Ältere Versuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 679. "Pelasgische" Erklärung bei van Windekens Le Pélasgique 74f.
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