ἀποθνῄσκω

English (LSJ)

fut. -θᾰνοῦμαι, Ion. -θανέομαι or

   A -εῦμαι Hdt.3.143, 7.134:—strengthd. for θνῄσκω, die, Hom. (v. infr.), Pi.O.1.27, and once in Trag. (E.Fr.578.6); in Com. and Prose the usual form of the pres.; σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος Il.22.432; ἀποθνῄσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ Od.11.424; βόες δ' ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη 12.393; ἐκ τῶν τρωμάτων Hdt.2.63; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ Th.1.126: c. dat., βρόμῳ κεραυνοῦ Pi.l.c.; νόσῳ Th.8.84: c. acc. cogn., θάνατον ἀ. X.Mem.4.8.3, etc.; εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀ. Pl.Ax. 365d; to be ready to die, of laughter, etc., Ar.Ach.15; ἀ. τῷ δέει Arist.MM1191a35.    II serving as Pass. of ἀποκτείνω, to be put to death, slain, ὑπό τινος Hdt.1.137, 7.154; esp. by judicial sentence, ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Lycurg.93, cf. Pl.Ap.29d, 32d,al., Arist. Rh.1397a30 (v.l.).    III renounce, νόμῳ Ep.Gal.2.19; ἀπό τινος Ep.Col.2.20.

German (Pape)

[Seite 303] (s. θνήσκω), absterben, sterben, von Hom. an, Il. 22, 432 Od. 11, 424. 12, 393. 21, 38, überall; in Prosa, bes. im fut. u. aor., häufiger als das simplex.; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ u. λιμῷ, Plat. Conv. 191 a Men. 91 e; ἐκ τῶν τραυμάτων Her. 2, 63; bes. oft getödtet werden, ὑπὸ τοῦ παιδός 1, 137; bes. im Kriege, Plat. Menex. 234 b; ὑπό τινος Epist. I, 309 e u. sonst; zum Tode verurtheilt u. hingerichtet werden, Apel. 29 e u. öfter; Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 12 Hell. 2, 3, 12 u. öfter; οἱ ἀποτεθνεῶτες, die Todten; – ἀποθανετέον, man muß sterben, Arist. eth. Nic. 3, 1.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἀποθνήσκω: (ῂ): μέλλ. -θᾰνοῦμαι, Ἰων. -θανέομαι ή -εῦμαι, Ἡρόδ. 3. 143., 7. 134: - ἐπιτεταμ. ἀντὶ τοῦ θνήσκω, Ὅμ., Πινδ. Ο 2. 45, καὶ ἅπαξ παρὰ Τραγ. (Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 582. 6)· ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖς κωμ. καὶ πεζοῖς εἶναι ὁ συνήθης τύπος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος (ἴδε θνήσκω)· σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος Ἰλ. Χ. 432· ἀποθνήσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ Ὀδ. Λ. 424· βόες δ’ ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη Μ. 393· ὑπὸ λιμοῦ, Θουκ. 1. 126· μετὰ δοτ., νόσῳ ὁ αὐτ. 8. 84· μετὰ συστοίχ. αἰτ., θάνατον ἀπ. Ξεν. Ἀπομ 4.8, 3. κτλ.· εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀπ. Πλάτ. Ἀξ. 365D: ― ἐπὶ γέλωτος, ὡς καὶ νῦν, «σκοτώνομαι», ἀποθνήσκω ἀπὸ τὰ «γέλοια» ὡς τὸ ἐκθνήσκω (ὃ ἴδε), Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 15· ἀποθνήσκουσι τῷ δέει Ἀριστ. Ἠθικ. Μεγάλ. 1. 20, 13. ΙΙ. ὡς παθητ. τοῦ ἀποκτείνω, φονεύομαι, ἀποθν. ὑπό τινος Ἡρόδ. 1. 137., 7. 154: κυρίως ἀπὶ καταδικασθέντος, ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Λυκοῦργ. 159. 29, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Ἀπολ. 29C, 32D, κ. ἀλλ., Ἀριστ Ρητ. 2. 23, 2.

English (Autenrieth)

perf. part. ἀποτεθνηώς, plup. ἀποτέθνασαν: die; perf., be dead.

French (Bailly abrégé)

f. ἀποθανοῦμαι, réc. ἀποθνῄξω, ao.2 ἀπέθανον, pf. ἀποτέθνηκα;
mourir ; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ, νόσῳ THC de faim, de maladie ; ὑπό τινος de la main de qqn ; στρατηγοῦ θάνατον ἀποθνῄσκειν PLUT mourir d’une mort de général.
Étymologie: ἀπό, θνῄσκω.

Spanish (DGE)

• Morfología: [fut. -θανοῦμαι, jón. -θανέεται Hdt.4.190, inf. -θανέεσθαι Hdt.3.143; aor. ind. ἀπέθανον]
I morir en sent. real, abs. σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος Il.22.432, βόες δ' ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη Od.12.393, (ψυχή) ἀποθνήσκει καὶ ἡ νόησις ἐπιλείπει Diog.Apoll.B 4, ἄκριτος ἀποθανεῖν morir sin ser juzgado Isoc.17.42, ἀποθανεῖν στρατευόμενον Is.6.13, ὁ τοίνυν θάνατος τοῖς μὲν ἀποθανοῦσι κακόν, τοῖς δ' ἐνταφιοπώλαις καὶ τυμβοποιοῖς ἀγαθόν la muerte en verdad es mala cosa para los que mueren, pero buena para vendedores de tumbas y marmolistas, Dialex.1.3, ἀνθρώπους ... ἀποθανόντας Heraclit.B 27, cf. Callin.1.5, Sol.Lg.50b, Hdt.3.143, Anacreont.35.9, E.Fr.578.6, Democr.B 1, Gorg.B 6, Is.2.14, Lys.6.14, 12.25, 13.92, Pl.Ap.29d, SB 10075, 9920.2.16.7 (IV a.C.), Theoc.3.27, Nic.Dam.127, LXX 4Ma.9.6, Plu.2.30c, τρίς Isoc.12.214, δίς Lys.12.37, X.Oec.21.12, πολλάκις Pl.Lg.869b
•c. compl. de causa, bien en dat., bien c. giro preposicional περὶ φασγάνῳ Od.11.424, ἐκ τῶν τρωμάτων Hdt.2.63, cf. Isoc.18.52, ἀπὸ ... τῆς πλευρίτιδος Hp.Morb.1.32, ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ Th.1.126, cf. Isoc.11.36, βρόμῳ κεραυνοῦ Pi.O.2.25, νόσῳ Th.8.84, τοιούτῳ θανάτῳ Hp.Art.64, cf. Sol.Lg.13, λιμῷ Pl.Grg.464e
•c. otras determinaciones πρὸ τῆς Σπάρτης ἀ. morir por Esparta Hdt.7.134, ὑπὲρ τῆσδε τῆς γῆς Is.5.46, ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς LXX 4Ma.1.8, περὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Isoc.12.186, ἧς ἕνεκα Isoc.10.48, ἀποθάνωμεν ἐν ἀνδρείᾳ χάριν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν muramos con valor por nuestros hermanos LXX 1Ma.9.10, διὰ τὸν θεόν LXX 4Ma.16.25, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἀ. morir por el Señor, Ep.Rom.14.8
•c. ac. int. ποῖος ἂν εἴη θάνατος καλλίων ἢ ὃν κάλλιστά τις ἀποθάνοι; X.Mem.4.8.3
•c. compl. de lugar, fig. ὥσπερ εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀποθανούμενος Pl.Ax.365d
•c. compl. de tiempo πολὺν χρόνον Democr.B 160
•de partes del cuerpo ἀποθανεῖν τὰ νεῦρα καὶ τὰς σάρκας καὶ τὰς ἀρτηρίας καὶ τὰς φλέβας Hp.Art.69, ἔμβρυον Hp.Mul.1.78 (p.186.4)
•de animales οἱ αἰέλουροι Hdt.2.66, 67
•de plantas ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ Eu.Io.12.24, cf. 1Ep.Cor.15.36, δένδρα Ep.Iud.12.
II morir, ser matado c. compl. agente, usado como pas. de ἀποκτείνω: τὸν ... τοκέα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἑωυτοῦ παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.1.137, cf. 7.154, Th.1.9, Plu.2.68b, c. sentencia judicial ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Lycurg.93, cf. διὰ ταῦτα Pl.Ap.32d.
III usos figurados
1 morir de risa τῆτες δ' ἀπέθανον καὶ διεστράφην ἰδών pero este año me morí de risa y me quedé bizco Ar.Ach.15
•morir de miedo ἔνιοι ... ἀποθνῄσκουσιν τῷ δέει Arist.MM 1191^a35, cf. ἀποθνήσκομεν (sic) ὅτι οὐ βλέπομέν σε καθ' ἡμέραν PGiss.17.9.
2 morir poco a poco καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν Ath.552b, cf. καθ' ἡμέραν del morir continuo que es la vida cristiana como reflejo de la pasión de Jesucristo, 1Ep.Cor.15.31.
3 morir para la vida eterna οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ... ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ Eu.Io.6.49, cf. Ep.Rom.7.9, 8.13, ἀπέθανε δὲ ταῖς ἐντολαῖς pero ha muerto según los mandamientos Clem.Al.Strom.2.23.147.
4 c. dat. morir a, renunciar a τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ Ep.Rom.6.2, Clem.Al.Strom.4.6.27, διὰ νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον por la ley yo he muerto a la ley, Ep.Gal.2.19, c. giro preposicional ἀ. ... ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου morir (renunciando) a los elementos fundamentales del mundo, Ep.Col.2.20, μαραίνειν τὰ πάθη καὶ ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀπ' αὐτῶν dejar marchitar las pasiones y morir (renunciando) a ellas Porph.Abst.1.41, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα Herm.Sim.9.18.2
•abs. morir del «hombre viejo», e.d. renunciar al pecado, Ep.Rom.6.8, del morir a la vida pagana por el bautismo ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ἀπεθνῄσκετε καὶ ἐγεννᾶσθε en el mismo momento moristeis y nacisteis Cyr.H.Catech.20.4.

English (Abbott-Smith)

ἀποθνῄσκω, [in LXX chiefly for מוּת;]
to die: of natural death, Mk 5:35, al.; of violent death (pass. of ἀποκτείνω), esp. of Christ, Mt 26:35, Jo 12:33, He 10:28, al.; of spiritual death, Jo 6:50, Ro 8:13, al.; c. dat. ref., Ro 6:2, 10 14:7, 8, Ga 2:19; acc., ὅ, Ro 6:10; seq. ἐν, Mt 8:32, Jo 8:21, 24 I Co 15:22, He 11:37, Re 14:13; seq. ὑπέρ, περί, Jo 11:50, 51 18:14, Ro 5:6-8 14:15, I Co 15:3, II Co 5:15, I Th 5:10, I Pe 3:18; ἀπό, Col 2:20; ἐκ, Re 8:11; fig., I Co 15:31 (cf. συν-αποθνήσκω, and V. Milligan, NTD, 258f.; DCG, i, 791b; Cremer, 286; MM, s.v.; on the perfective force of this verb, M, Pr., 112, 114; and on the distinction bet. pres. and aor., ib. 113 f.).

English (Thayer)

imperfect ἀπέθνῃσκον (ἀπέθανον; future ἀποθανοῦμαι, θνῄσκω); found in Greek writings from Homer down; to die (ἀπό, so as to be no more; (cf. Latin emorior; English die off or out, pass away); German absterben, versterben); I. used properly
1. of the natural death of men: ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἀποθνῄσκοντες subject to death, mortal, Buttmann, 206 (178)).
2. of the violent death — both of animals, L T Tr WH text; ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας, ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τίνος, to perish by means of something, (cf. English to die of), ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτία, ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις, fixed in sin, hence, to die unreformed, ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ by connection with Adam, ἐν κυρίῳ in fellowship with, and trusting in, the Lord, ἀποθνῄσκειν τί, to die a certain death, θάνατον μακρόν, Chariton, p. 12, D'Orville edition (l. i. c. 8, p. 17,6, Beck edition; cf. Winer s Grammar, 227 (213); Buttmann, 149 (130))); τῇ ἁμαρτία, used of Christ, 'that he might not have to busy himself more with the sin of men,' ἑαυτῷ to become one's own master, independent, by dying, τῷ κυρίῳ to become subject to the Lord's will by dying, διά τινα i. e. to save one, ἀποθνῄσκειν περί and ὑπέρ τίνος, see περί, the passage cited δ. and ὑπέρ I:2,3. Oratorically, although the proper signification of the verb is retained, καθ' ἡμέραν ἀποθνῄσκω I meet death daily, live daily in danger of death, II. tropically, in various senses;
1. of eternal death, as it is called, i. e. to be subject to eternal misery, and that, too, already beginning on earth: Winer s Grammar, 210 (197); 428 (398); Buttmann, 178 (155)), to become wholly alienated from a thing, and freed from all connection with it: τῷ νόμῳ, ἀποθανόντες (for so we must read for elz ἀποθανόντος) in Winer's Grammar, 159 (150)); τῇ ἁμαρτία, ἀπό τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου so that your relation to etc. has passed away, ἀπό τῶν παθῶν, Porphyry, de abst. animal. 1,41 (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277); Winer's Grammar, 370 (347))); true Christians are said simply ἀποθανεῖν, as having put off all sensibility to worldly things that draw them away from God, ἀποθανεῖν σύν Χριστῷ, συναποθνῄσκω.)