ἄρτος: Difference between revisions
ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε, καὶ οὕτως ἀναπληρώσετε τὸν νόμον τοῦ Χριστοῦ → bear each other's burdens, and in that way fulfill the anointed King's Law (Galatians 6:2)
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{{StrongGR | {{StrongGR | ||
|strgr=from [[αἴρω]]; [[bread]] (as [[raised]]) or a [[loaf]]: ([[shew]]-)[[bread]], [[loaf]]. | |strgr=from [[αἴρω]]; [[bread]] (as [[raised]]) or a [[loaf]]: ([[shew]]-)[[bread]], [[loaf]]. | ||
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{{Thayer | |||
|txtha=ἄρτου, ὁ (from ἈΡΩ to [[fit]], [[put]] [[together]] (cf. Etym. Magn. 150,36 — [[but]] [[doubtful]])), [[bread]]; [[Hebrew]] לֶחֶם;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[food]] [[composed]] of [[flour]] [[mixed]] [[with]] [[water]] and [[baked]]; the Israelites made it in the [[form]] of an [[oblong]] or [[round]] [[cake]], as [[thick]] as [[one]]'s [[thumb]], and as [[large]] as a [[plate]] or [[platter]] (cf. Winer s RWB [[under]] the [[word]] Backen; (BB. DD.)); [[hence]], it [[was]] [[not]] [[cut]], [[but]] [[broken]] ([[see]] [[κλάσις]] and [[κλάω]]) T Tr WH [[omit]]; L brackets), ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, loaves [[consecrated]] to Jehovah, [[see]] [[πρόθεσις]]; on the [[bread]] used at the [[love]]-feasts and the [[sacred]] [[supper]] (Winer's Grammar, 35), cf. לֶחֶם, [[food]] of [[any]] [[kind]]: ὁ [[ἄρτος]] [[τῶν]] τέκνων the [[food]] served to the children, ἄρτον [[φαγεῖν]] or ἐσθίειν to [[take]] [[food]], to [[eat]] (לֶחֶם אֲכֹל) (Winer's Grammar, 33 (32)): ἄρτον [[φαγεῖν]] [[παρά]] τίνος to [[take]] [[food]] supplied by [[one]], [[τόν]] ἑαυτόν ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, to [[eat]] the [[food]] [[which]] [[one]] has procured for [[himself]] by his [[own]] labor, [[μήτε]] ἄρτον ἐσθίον, [[μήτε]] [[οἶνον]] πίνων, abstaining from the [[usual]] [[sustenance]], or using it [[sparingly]], τρώγειν [[τόν]] ἄρτον [[μετά]] τίνος to be [[one]]'s [[table]]-[[companion]], his [[familiar]] [[friend]], [[τόν]] ἄρτον [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[τόν]] ἄρτον ἐκ [[τοῦ]] οὐρανοῦ, ὁ [[ἄρτος]] τῆς ζωῆς, as the Divine [[λόγος]], [[come]] from [[heaven]], [[who]] containing in [[himself]] the [[source]] of [[heavenly]] [[life]] [[supplies]] [[celestial]] [[nutriment]] to souls [[that]] [[they]] [[may]] [[attain]] to [[life]] [[eternal]]. | |||
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Revision as of 18:01, 28 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ὁ,
A cake or loaf of wheat-bread, mostly in pl., Od.18.120, al.; ἄρτος οὖλος a whole loaf, 17.343; collectively, bread, δούλιον ἄρτον ἔδων Archil.Supp.2.6; ἄ. τρισκοπάνιστος Batr.35; opp. μᾶζα (porridge), Hp.Acut.37.—Freq. in all writers. II ἄρτος· βόλος τις, καὶ ὁ Ἀθηναίων ξένος, Hsch.
German (Pape)
[Seite 363] (ἄρω), ὁ, Brot, bes. Weizenbrot (μᾶζα Gerstenbrot); zuerst Od. 17, 343. 18, 120; Her. 5, 92, 7; Plat. Gorg. 518 b u. Folgde.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
pain de froment.
Étymologie: DELG étym. incert. -- Babiniotis pê apparenté à ἀραρίσκω, en tant que préparation par excellence ; hypothèse basque arto « pain de seigle », esp. artal « feuilleté » (mais lequel dérive de l’autre ?).
English (Autenrieth)
bread. (Od.)
Spanish (DGE)
-ου, ὁ I 1concr. pan
a) por su tamaño y forma de reparto hogaza ἄρτον τ' οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο cogiendo una hogaza entera del precioso cesto, Od.17.343, cf. 18.120, ἄρτον δειπνήσας πετράτρυφον ὀκτάβλωμον cenando un pan cuarteado de ocho trozos Hes.Op.442, cf. Batr.35, βλωμιαῖος ἄ. pan con una cruz incisa (llamado quadratus> por los romanos), Philemo en Ath.114d;
b) según sus ingredientes y preparación, dif. de tortas y pasteles οἱ μὲν ἴτρια, οἱ δ' ἄρτον (comen) unos tortas de sésamo, otros pan Sol.26.2
•esp. op. μᾶζα Hp.VM 6, 14, Acut.37, Ar.Pax 853, Pl.R.372b
•op. al trigo en grano ἀντὶ τῶν πυρῶν ἄρτον διδόναι Hp.VM 13
•fundamentalmente de trigo ἐκ ... τῶν πυρῶν ... ἀπετέλησαν ἄρτον Hp.VM 3, cf. 8, 14, Hdt.2.4
•de otros cereales ἐκ τῶν ὀλυρέων ποιεῦντες ἄρτους haciendo panes de espelta de los egipcios, Hdt.2.77, Hecat.322, ἄ. πύρινοι καὶ κρίθινοι X.An.4.5.31, de loto Hdt.2.92, cf. Philistio 9, Ath.109c ss.
•mezclado con semillas u otros ingredientes τραπέσδαι μακωνιᾶν ἄρτων Alcm.19.2, cf. S.Fr.609, καθαρὸς ἄ. ἢ συγκόμιστος ἢ ἀπτίστων πυρῶν ἢ ἐπτισμένων pan de un solo cereal o de varios, de trigo no cernido o cernido Hp.VM 14, pero καθαροὶ ἄρτοι prob. panes blancos o candeales, PPetr.2.5a.8 (III a.C.), ξανθοὶ ἄ. panes rubios, candeales Xenoph.1.9, cf. Arist.Pr.927a27, ῥυπαρὸς ἄ. pan negro Ath.114d, Plb.36.16.12
•ἄναλος ἄ. Arist.Pr.927a35, ἄ. δίπυροι bizcochos Arist.Pr.928a11, cf. ἄ. ναυτικός galleta marinera Luc.DMeretr.14.2, ἄρτοι ζυμῖται X.An.7.3.21, ἄζυμος ἄ. pan ácimo LXX Ex.29.2
•ἄρτοι πίονες· οὕτως πλακοῦντες Hsch.
•de muchas variedades por sus ingredientes y cocción, Trypho Fr.117, por obra de panaderos especialistas ἄρτους θαυμαστοὺς παρασκευάζειν Pl.Grg.518b;
c) considerado como sustento básico de la familia y la población en general (en el experimento lingüístico de Psamético) Hdt.2.2, δούλιον ἄρτον ἔδων Hippon.194.8, cf. Th.1.138, ἄ. καὶ κρέας Ar.Pl.320, cf. 1136, αἰτίζητ' ἄρτον Ar.Pax 120, cf. Nu.1383, Pl.190, Epicur.[1] 11.7, PHib.121.31 (III a.C.), UPZ 9.14, 20.12 (ambos II a.C.), PTeb.112.16 (II a.C.), LXX Ie.16.7, Eu.Matt.14.19, POsl.153.12 (II d.C.), ἔλαβεν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας en el milagro de los panes y los peces Eu.Matt.15.36, con un precio ἄρτους δέκ' ὀβολῶν κἀπιθήκην τεττάρων Ar.V.1391, διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄ. Eu.Io.6.7, su consumo sin trabas trasladado a la otra vida φαγεῖν ἄρτον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ Eu.Luc.14.15, cf. Eu.Io.6.5
•en relación con su consumo o no por parte de pueblos diferentes οἱ δὲ σιτέεσθαι μὲν τὸν ἄρτον εἶπον del rey persa, op. al régimen de los ictiófagos, Hdt.3.22, μέγας ἄ. Δωρικός prob. gran torta o tal vez gachas dorias Theoc.24.137.
2 usos alegóricos y religiosos τὸν μὲν ἄρτον Δημήτραν νομισθῆναι Prodic.B 5, fig. del acto sexual, Hdt.5.92η
•en prácticas religiosas concretas en el Egipto helenístico OGI 56.73 (III a.C.), en el culto hebreo ἄ. τῆς προθέσεως panes de presentación LXX Ex.40.23, Eu.Matt.12.4
•esp. en lit. crist. del maná ἄ. ἀγγέλων Iust.Phil.Dial.57.2, de la sabiduría divina, Origenes Or.27.9 (p.369.28 ss.), en la última cena Eu.Matt.26.26, como eucaristía y en diatribas sobre la cuestión Eu.Io.6.31, Ign.Eph.20.2, del propio Cristo, Basil.M.29.524D, Gr.Naz.M.35.860A
•entre los gnósticos ὁ ἄ. καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον ἁγιάζεται τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ ὀνόματος θεοῦ Clem.Al.Ex.Thdot.82 (p.130.10)
•entre los maniqueos οὔτε ἄ. κλῶσιν Thdt.M.83.380D.
II quizá tierra, finca, PMich.723.2 (IV d.C.) ἄ.· βόλος (por βῶλος?) τις (pero cf. βόλος· θύρα (cód.)) Hsch.
• Etimología: Diversas interpretaciones: palabra viajera, rel. vasco arto ‘pan de maíz’, prést. del iran. *arta ‘harina’, cf. pers. ard ‘harina’. Tb. rel. por otros c. la raíz *ar- < *H2er- ‘trabajar la tierra’, cf. ἄροτος ‘tierra de labranza’.
English (Strong)
from αἴρω; bread (as raised) or a loaf: (shew-)bread, loaf.
English (Thayer)
ἄρτου, ὁ (from ἈΡΩ to fit, put together (cf. Etym. Magn. 150,36 — but doubtful)), bread; Hebrew לֶחֶם;
1. food composed of flour mixed with water and baked; the Israelites made it in the form of an oblong or round cake, as thick as one's thumb, and as large as a plate or platter (cf. Winer s RWB under the word Backen; (BB. DD.)); hence, it was not cut, but broken (see κλάσις and κλάω) T Tr WH omit; L brackets), ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, loaves consecrated to Jehovah, see πρόθεσις; on the bread used at the love-feasts and the sacred supper (Winer's Grammar, 35), cf. לֶחֶם, food of any kind: ὁ ἄρτος τῶν τέκνων the food served to the children, ἄρτον φαγεῖν or ἐσθίειν to take food, to eat (לֶחֶם אֲכֹל) (Winer's Grammar, 33 (32)): ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τίνος to take food supplied by one, τόν ἑαυτόν ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, to eat the food which one has procured for himself by his own labor, μήτε ἄρτον ἐσθίον, μήτε οἶνον πίνων, abstaining from the usual sustenance, or using it sparingly, τρώγειν τόν ἄρτον μετά τίνος to be one's table-companion, his familiar friend, τόν ἄρτον τοῦ Θεοῦ, τόν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, as the Divine λόγος, come from heaven, who containing in himself the source of heavenly life supplies celestial nutriment to souls that they may attain to life eternal.
