ἦ

English (LSJ)

Adv., never in the form ἦε (ἠέ):    I TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il.5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, al.; with concessive force, it is true that . .: hence, although . ., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215: freq. strengthd. by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od.24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή Il.13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι Od.16.199; ἦ δή Il.2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα S.OT429; ἦ θην Il.20.452; ἦ κάρτα S. El.1279; ἦ μάλα Il.3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il.22.11; ἦ τάχα Od.18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, ἦ που, v. ἦ που and ποῦ: esp. ἦ μήν used in oaths and asseverations, Il.2.291, 7.393, A.Pr.73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν Il.2.370, 13.354, Sapph.Supp.23.5; ἦ μέν Od.10.65(later εἶ μήν, v. εἷ): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77; ἦ μέν also in Ion. historical Prose, Hdt.4.154, 5.93, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. Phd.115d; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Lexap.D.24.39: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il.2.798, Od.18.257, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538.    2 in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ἢ; A.D.Conj.255.5, Synt.307.19(cf. Hdn.Gr.1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' ἠ (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative ἦ (cf. A.D.Conj.l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ . . Il.1.169, al.; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα ib. 156, Od.10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί . . Il.20.437, Od.16.442. Trypho took τίη as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ . . Il.6.55, but A.D. (Conj.l.c.) infers from the accent of ὅτι ἢ that τί ἢ was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust.45 init., 118.39, 907.14 to be τιή, ὁτιή(qq. v.).    3 this ἦ (or ἢ) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il.2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od.3.348, 19.109, where codd. have ἢ (in Od.3.348 ἠδέ (cj. Bekker) shd. perh. be read for ἠέ).    II in Questions not involving alternatives:    1 Direct questions,    a epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see . . ? Il.1.203, cf. 5.466,7.26, Od.4.710,13.418, 17.376, B.17.5; τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν; S.OT622, cf. E.Or.1425 (ἤ codd.); τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης; Pl.Smp.173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.2.112.    b not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od.10.330, cf. Il.11.666, 15.504; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε . . Ἕκτορος; do you not hear . .? ib.506, cf. Od.16.424; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται; Pl.Cri.43c; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω; don't you think so too? Id.Grg.479b (perispom., cod. T); ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.479c (perispom., cod. T); ἦ τορῶς λέγω; A.Ag.269; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών; S.OT757: freq. with other Particles, ἦ ἄρ . .; Od.20.166, Il.19.56; mostly ἦ ῥα . .; 5.421, 762, Od.4.632; also in Trag. (in lyr.), A.Pers.633, S.Aj.172, 955: esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi.I.7(6).3 sqq.; ἦ ἄρα δή . .; Il.13.446; ἦ ῥά νυ . .; 4.93; ἦ νυ . .; 15.128; ἦ ταῦτα δή . .; S.Ph.565, El.385; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα . .; Id.OT429; ἦ γάρ . .; A.Pr. 745, 757, S.OT1000: in Att. Prose, ἦ γάρ; standing alone, is it not so? Pl.Tht.160e, Grg.449d, 468d; ἦ καί . .; A.Ag.1207, 1362:—ἦ usu. begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il.5.421, 762, Od.4.632, S.OC863, 1102, or ἀλλά, as in A.Ag.276, Ch.774:—by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in Att. and the κοινή to ἆρα (q. v.), in all other dialects (cf. A.D.Conj.223.24) to ἦρα (q. v.), but ἆρα is found in Pi.P.4.78 (ἄρα codd.), al., Archil.86, 89.    2 Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης Od. 13.415 (v.l. εἰ, which alone has Ms. authority in Il.1.83, Od.19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il.8.111 (v.l. εἰ) ; ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ . . ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω; Od.16.138 (v.l. εἰ) ; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether .. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ. . ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll.34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι IG12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented ἤ in codd. Hom., but it shd. perh. be perispom.
ἦ, for ἔφη, 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of ἠμί (q. v.). ἦ, for ἦν, Att. contr. from lon. ἔα, impf. of εἰμί (

   A sum).

German (Pape)

[Seite 1147] (vgl. je, ja), 1) bekräftigend, betheuernd, fürwahr, wahrlich, traun, gewiß, Hom. u. Folgde; ἦ γὰρ ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν, denn traun, ich meine, er wird zürnen, Il. 1, 78. Oft verbunden mit anderen Partikeln, ἦ ἄρα, Od. 24, 193, ἦ ἄρα δή, Il. 13, 446, ἦ ἄρ, ἦ ἄρ τε, 19, 56 Od. 13, 357. 20, 166, ἦ ῥα, Il. 16, 750 Soph. Ai. 172. 934, ἦ ῥά νυ, Od. 12, 280, – ἦ γάρ, freilich wohl, Il. 1, 232. 293. 342.355, ἦ γάρ τοι, Od. 16, 199, – ἦ δή, Il. 1, 518 Od. 1, 253, ἦ δή που, Il. 21, 583, ἦ δὴ μάν, 17, 538; ἦ δή τ' ἂν εἴη πανδίκως ψευδώνυμος Aesch. Spt. 652; – ἦ θήν πού τοι θυμὸς ἐέλπεται Il. 13, 813; – ἦ κάρτα, bes. bei den Tragg. häufig, Aesch. Ag. 528. 1225 Soph. Ai. 1338; vgl. Valck. Hipp. 1028; auch allein in der bejahenden Antwort, ja wohl, Soph. El. 304; – ἦ μάλα, bei Aussprüchen u. Meinungen, die man anzunehmen bereit ist, ἦ μάλα Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι Od. 19, 474, fürwahr ja, so denke ich und hoffe ich, du bist Od., vgl. 16, 183 Il. 3, 204; auch ἦ μάλα δή, Il. 18, 12. 21, 55 Od. 4, 169. 333. 23, 149; ἦ μάν, u. ἦ μέν, wie ἦ μήν, gewiß u. wahrhaftig (vgl. μήν u. μέν, u. Nägelsbach Anmerkgn zur Ilias p. 1591, von Homer an der gewöhnliche Ausdruck beim Schwur, mit dem die eigentlichen Worte desselben eingeführt werden, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν –, ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται, Od. 14, 160; σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι – ἀρήξειν Il. 1, 77; ὄμνυσι ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν Aesch. gpt. 513; Soph. Tr. 255; Plat. Phaedr. 236 e Legg. VI, 784 c; ὀμνύω ὑμῖν θεοὺς πάντας, ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην Xen. An. 5, 9, 31; c. inf. fut., ibd. 2, 3, 26, aor. 6, 4, 17; ὤμοσαν ἦ μὴν ποιήσειν Is. 2, 32; ἐπώμοσαν ἦ μὲν ἀρήξει ν Ap. Rh. 2, 715; auch ἐγγυητὰς καταστήσας, Dem. 24, 39, wie ἐγγυᾶσθαι ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Plat. Phaed. 115 d; zu nachdrücklichen Betheuerungen, ἦ μάν, Il. 2, 370, freilich wohl, 13, 354, ἦ μέν, Il. 9, 252 Od. 10, 65, doch gewiß, ἦ μὲν δή, Il. 2, 798 Od. 18, 257, ἦ μήν, Il. 2, 291. 7, 393. 9, 57; ἦ μὴν κελεύσω Aesch. Prom. 73; vgl. Plat. Phil. 18 d Euthyd. 276 e; – ἦ νύ τοι, Il. 22, 11; – ἦ που, sicher wohl, Aesch. Prom. 519; Soph. Phil. 1115; nicht selten ironisch, ἦ πού με τελαμὼν δέξαιτ' ἂν εὐπρόσωπος Ai. 987, vgl. Plat. Gorg. 448 a 469 b Phaed. 84 d Rep. X, 595 d; – ἦ τάχα, Od. 18, 73. 338. 389; ἦ τάχα καί, 19, 69; – ἦ τε, Il. 16, 687. 17, 236. 18, 13 Od. 20, 194. 24, 311. – 2) fragend, in directer Frage ff. ἤ 2.), wie es im Deutschen zuweilen durch denn, oder wohl, etwa, häufig aber nur durch den Frageton, nicht durch ein eigenes Wort wiedergegeben werden kann, Od. 10, 330 Il. 11, 666 u. sonst; ἦ τορῶς λέγω; Aesch. Ag. 260; ἦ πῶς; Ch. 756; Folgde, wie in Prosa. Oft ἦ ῥα bei Hom., Od. 15, 431; ἦ ῥά νυ, Il. 4, 93; ἦ ῥά τι, 5, 421. 762. 7, 446. 9, 674 Od. 4, 632; bei den Attikern sehr häufig ἦ γάρ, sowohl Tragg., ἦ γάρ τι λοιπὸν ἐρεῖς Aesch. Prom. 747, ἦ γὰρ μετέσχες τοῦδε τοῦ πόνου Soph. Phil. 248, als in Prosa, Plat. Gorg. 469 b Rep. X, 607 c u. sonst; auch ἦ γάρ allein, für sich einen Fragesatz bildend, wie nonne? nicht wahr? Prot. 312 e 333 e; oft auch ἦ γὰρ οὔ; vgl. Heindorf zu Plat. Phaedr. 266 d Gorg. 468 d; ἦ γάρ ποτ' ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία; Aesch. Prom. 759. er sprach's, von ἠμί, statt ἔφη, s. unter ἠμί.

French (Bailly abrégé)

1adv.
1 certes, sans doute ; joint à d’autres particules : ἦ ἄρα OD, ἦ ἄρ IL, ἦ ῥα IL, ἦ δή IL, ἦ μάν IL, ἦ μέν IL, ἦ τε IL, ἦ θήν IL, m. sign. ; ἦ κάρτα ESCHL certes, tout à fait, bien sûr ; ἦ μάλα IL m. sign. ; ἦ γάρ IL certes en effet ; surt. ἦ μήν, certes, en vérité;
2 avec interrog. est-ce que ? : ἦ μοῦνοι φιλέουσ’ ἀλόχους Ἀτρεῖδαι ; IL les Atrides sont-ils donc seuls à aimer leurs compagnes ? avec d’autres particules : ἦ ῥα IL est-ce que ? ἦ ταῦτα δή ; SOPH m. sign. ; ἦ οὐ, ἦ οὐκ (lat. nonne ?) IL, OD est-ce que, ne ? ἦ μή OD m. sign.
21ᵉ et 3ᵉ sg. impf. de εἰμί;
3ᵉ sg. impf. de ἠμί.

English (Autenrieth)

see (1) εἰμί.—(2) ἠμί.

English (Autenrieth)

in truth, surely, verily.—(1) particle of asseveration, always standing at the beginning of its clause except in the phrase ἐπεὶ ἦ (sometimes written ἐπειή). Freq. in combination with other particles, ἦ δή, ἦ μάλα (δή), ἦ θήν, ἦ τε, ἦ τοι (q. v.), and esp. ἦ μήν (μέν), which may be retained even in indirect quotation, καί μοι ὄμοσσον | ἦ μέν μοι.. ἀρήξειν (representing in the direct form, ἦ μέν σοι ἀρήξω, ‘I sol emnly declare that I will defend thee’), Il. 1.77, Il. 14.275.—(2) the same particle may introduce a direct question, esp. a specific question following a general one, always, however, with the expression of some feeling; τίπτ' αὖτ.. εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος, ‘is it that thou may'st behold, etc.?’ Il. 1.203, Il. 3.400, Il. 20.17 ; Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τις ἔστι βροτῶν, κτλ., ‘pray, lives there a man, etc.?’ Il. 7.446.