clades

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

clādes: is (
I gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.: cladum, Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. κλάω, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius.
I Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,
   A In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies; class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3: haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas, Lucr. 6, 1125: dare late cladem magnasque ruinas, id. 5, 347: etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis, Cic. Brut. 97, 332: atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori, id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25: et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis, id. Sest. 13, 31: cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus, id. Pis. 37, 91: quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: captae urbis Romanae clades, Liv. 5, 21, 16: publica, Tac. A. 14, 64: tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit, Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191: plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra), Liv. 8, 2, 8: quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades! Lucr. 5, 48: aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli, id. 5, 369: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, Liv. 22, 4, 1: colonias belli clade premi, Curt. 9, 7, 22: colonias omni clade vastare, id. 4, 1, 10: majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132: per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est, of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38: quo tantae cladis pretio, i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57: recens, the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.: Lugdunensis, the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.: si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura, without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.—Poet.: cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris, Ov. M. 9, 176: Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—
   B Esp.
   1    In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent, Sall. J. 59, 3: exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit, Liv. 39, 1, 4: iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos, Verg. A. 12, 556: quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit, Curt. 4, 12, 15; so freq.: accipere cladem, to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17; 22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta, Quint. 9, 2, 62: classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit, Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7: postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies, Liv. 25, 19, 16: omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata, id. 29, 3, 8: non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades, id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4: tantā mole cladis obrui, Liv. 22, 54, 10: terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur, Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5: binaque castra clade unā deleta, Liv. 30, 6, 6: exercituum, Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch: quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet, Verg. A. 2, 362: Germanica, Tac. H. 4, 12: Variana, id. A. 1, 57: Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur, id. H. 1, 50. —Poet.: ut barbarorum Claudius agmina ... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men), Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—
   2    Of the plague: inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades, Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.: sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium, Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—
   3    Of the loss of a limb: Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum, Liv. 2, 13, 1.—
II Transf.
   A Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest: geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, Verg. A. 6, 843: haec clades, of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—
   B Of dissolute morals, corruption: fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit, Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

clādēs,⁸ is, f.,
1 désastre [de toute espèce], fléau, calamité : Pl. Capt. 911 ; Lucr. 6, 1125 ; civitatis Cic. Br. 332, les malheurs abattus sur la cité ; mea clades Cic. Sest. 31, mon malheur (exil) ; clades dextræ manus Liv. 2, 13, 1, perte de la main droite ; per sex dies ea clade sævitum est Suet. Nero 38, 2, le fléau fit rage six jours durant || [fig.] fléau destructeur [en parl. de qqn] : hæ militum clades Cic. Prov. 13, ces fléaux de l’armée
2 [en part.] désastre militaire, défaite : Sall. J. 59, 3 ; Liv. 25, 22, 1 ; alicui cladem afferre Cic. Nat. 2, 7 ; inferre Liv. 29, 3, 8, faire subir un désastre à qqn ; cladem accipere Cic. Div. 1, 101, essuyer un désastre ; cladi superesse Liv. 25, 19, 16, survivre à la défaite. gén. pl. cladium ; qqf. cladum ( Sil. 1, 41, etc. ; Amm. 29, 1, 14 ; 31, 2, 1 ).

Latin > German (Georges)

clādēs (clādis), is, f. (stammverwandt mit dem griech. κλαδαρός, zerbrechlich), I) im engern Sinne: a) der Zweige, Pflanzen usw. (durch Hagel, Regen usw.), der Bruch, bildl. b. Plaut. capt. 911. – b) die Verletzung eines Gliedes, cl. dextrae manus, Liv. 2, 13, 1. – II) im weitern Sinne, übh. Verlust, Schaden, Unglück, Unheil, 1) im allg.: cl. civitatis, Cic.: gens integra a cladibus (Plagen) belli, Liv.: eā clade, Verheerung, Liv.: neque ulla praetermissa clades (Untat) est, Liv.: instantes clades, Seuchen, Liv.: meton., von einer Person, die jmdm. Verderben zuzieht, -bereitet, Pest, militum clades, Todesengel des Kriegsheers, Cic. de prov. cons. 13: Scipiadae, clades Libyae, Verg. Aen. 6, 843: haec clades, ein solcher Wüterich (v. Heliogabal), Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa clades, Pest des Staates, verderbliche Menschenklasse (v. Buhldirnen), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34, 4. – 2) insbes., Unglück im Kampfe, Niederlage, Schlappe, cl. acerbissima Marii, Cic.: suā temeritate contracta clades, Liv.: cladem (pugnae) accipere, Cic. u. Liv.: cladem accipere ab hoste Gallo, Liv.: cladem gravem in Britannia accipere, Tac.: cladem hosti afferre, Cic.: cladem inferre, importare, Liv.: cladem facere, bereiten, Sall.: vix instantes clades sustinere, Liv. – / Rom. Sing. auch cladis, Liv. 2, 22, 4; 10, 35, 3 u.a. Ampel. 46, 5 cod. – Genet. Plur. gew. cladium; doch auch cladum, zB. Sil. 1, 41 u. ö. Amm. 29, 1, 14 u. 31, 2, 1.