ἄφεσις: Difference between revisions
μηδενί δίκην δικάσῃς πρίν ἀμφοῖν μῦθον ἀκούσῃς → do not give your judgement on anything until you have heard a speech on both sides
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|Definition=εως, ἡ, (ἀφίημι) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">letting go, release</b>, <b class="b3">περὶ τῆς τῶν πλοίων ἀφέσεως</b> Philipp. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273c</span>; καρπῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.43.9</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει</b> land <b class="b2">in private hands</b>, opp. <b class="b3">βασιλική</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span> 5.37</span> (ii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of persons, [[dismissal]]: in ritual, λαοῖς ἄ. Apul.<span class="title">Met.</span>11.17; [[release]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.79.12</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.314.21, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>4.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">ἀ. φόνου</b> <b class="b2">quittance from</b> murder, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>869d</span>: so abs., <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Stat.</span>8</span>; <b class="b2">discharge from</b> a bond, <span class="bibl">D.33.3</span>; ἄ. ἐναντίον μαρτύρων ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.45.41</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπόδοσις χρημάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.29</span>; <b class="b2">exemption from attendance, leave of absence</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>30.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῆς στρατείας</b> <b class="b2">exemption from</b> service, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>24</span>; [[remission]] of a debt, ταλάντου <span class="title">Michel</span>1340B7 (Cnidus, ii B. C.); χρημάτων <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>70 (Olbia, iii B. C.); sc. <b class="b3">καταδίκης</b>, <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>93c16. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">forgiveness, Ev. Marc</b>.3.29; ἁμαρτιῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> | |Definition=εως, ἡ, (ἀφίημι) <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">letting go, release</b>, <b class="b3">περὶ τῆς τῶν πλοίων ἀφέσεως</b> Philipp. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273c</span>; καρπῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.43.9</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει</b> land <b class="b2">in private hands</b>, opp. <b class="b3">βασιλική</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span> 5.37</span> (ii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of persons, [[dismissal]]: in ritual, λαοῖς ἄ. Apul.<span class="title">Met.</span>11.17; [[release]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.79.12</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.314.21, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>4.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">ἀ. φόνου</b> <b class="b2">quittance from</b> murder, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>869d</span>: so abs., <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Stat.</span>8</span>; <b class="b2">discharge from</b> a bond, <span class="bibl">D.33.3</span>; ἄ. ἐναντίον μαρτύρων ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.45.41</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπόδοσις χρημάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.29</span>; <b class="b2">exemption from attendance, leave of absence</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>30.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῆς στρατείας</b> <b class="b2">exemption from</b> service, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>24</span>; [[remission]] of a debt, ταλάντου <span class="title">Michel</span>1340B7 (Cnidus, ii B. C.); χρημάτων <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>70 (Olbia, iii B. C.); sc. <b class="b3">καταδίκης</b>, <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>93c16. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">forgiveness, Ev. Marc</b>.3.29; ἁμαρτιῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> [[relaxation]], [[exhaustion]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> [[divorce]], τινὶ πέμπειν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>42</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> [[starting]] of horses in a race, ἵππων ἄ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">D.S.4.73</span>: hence, <b class="b2">starting-post</b> itself, <b class="b3">ἰσώσας τἀφέσει</b> (Musgr. for <b class="b3">τῇ φύσει</b>) <b class="b3"> τὰ τέρματα</b> having made the winning-post one with the <b class="b2">starting-post</b>, i.e. having completed the <b class="b3">δίαυλος</b> and come back to the <b class="b2">starting-post</b>, dub. cj. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>686</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Paus.5.15.5</span>, <span class="bibl">6.20.9</span>: metaph., <b class="b2">the first start, beginning</b> of anything, <span class="bibl">Man.3.405</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> [[discharge]], [[emission]], ὕδατος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span> 697a24</span>; βέλους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.41</span>; τοῦ θοροῦ, τοῦ ᾠοῦ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>756a12</span>; τοῦ κυήματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>608a1</span>; <b class="b2">the dropping</b> of a foal, ib.<span class="bibl">576a25</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> [[discharge]], [[release]] of an engine, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>58.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> = [[ἀφεσμός]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 625a20</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">8</span> [[release]], ὕδατος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.34</span> (iii B. C.): hence, in concrete sense, [[conduit]], [[sluice]], ib.<span class="bibl">3p.88</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>388.44</span> (iii A. D.): pl., ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης [[channels]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ki.</span>22.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">9</span> Astrol., <b class="b2">reckoning of the vital quadrant</b>, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.136.2</span> (but <b class="b3">ἀπὸ Λέοντος τὴν ἄφεσιν ποιούμενοι</b>, simply, <b class="b2">starting from</b>... <span class="bibl">Id.31.8</span>).</span> | ||
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Revision as of 09:20, 30 June 2020
English (LSJ)
εως, ἡ, (ἀφίημι)
A letting go, release, περὶ τῆς τῶν πλοίων ἀφέσεως Philipp. ap. D.18.77, cf. Pl.Plt.273c; καρπῶν PAmh.2.43.9 (ii B. C.); γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει land in private hands, opp. βασιλική, PTeb. 5.37 (ii B. C.), etc. b of persons, dismissal: in ritual, λαοῖς ἄ. Apul.Met.11.17; release, Plb.1.79.12, IG2.314.21, Ev.Luc.4.18. 2 c. gen., ἀ. φόνου quittance from murder, Pl.Lg.869d: so abs., Hermog.Stat.8; discharge from a bond, D.33.3; ἄ. ἐναντίον μαρτύρων ποιήσασθαι Id.45.41; opp. ἀπόδοσις χρημάτων, Isoc.17.29; exemption from attendance, leave of absence, Arist.Ath.30.6; ἀ. τῆς στρατείας exemption from service, Plu.Ages.24; remission of a debt, ταλάντου Michel1340B7 (Cnidus, ii B. C.); χρημάτων IPE12.32B70 (Olbia, iii B. C.); sc. καταδίκης, Inscr.Magn.93c16. b forgiveness, Ev. Marc.3.29; ἁμαρτιῶν Ev.Matt.26.28. 3 relaxation, exhaustion, Hp.Epid.3.6. 4 divorce, τινὶ πέμπειν Plu.Pomp.42. 5 starting of horses in a race, ἵππων ἄ. ποιεῖν D.S.4.73: hence, starting-post itself, ἰσώσας τἀφέσει (Musgr. for τῇ φύσει) τὰ τέρματα having made the winning-post one with the starting-post, i.e. having completed the δίαυλος and come back to the starting-post, dub. cj. in S.El.686, cf. Paus.5.15.5, 6.20.9: metaph., the first start, beginning of anything, Man.3.405, etc. 6 discharge, emission, ὕδατος Arist.PA 697a24; βέλους D.S.17.41; τοῦ θοροῦ, τοῦ ᾠοῦ Arist.GA756a12; τοῦ κυήματος Id.HA608a1; the dropping of a foal, ib.576a25. b discharge, release of an engine, Ph.Bel.58.24. 7 = ἀφεσμός, Arist.HA 625a20 (pl.). 8 release, ὕδατος PPetr.2p.34 (iii B. C.): hence, in concrete sense, conduit, sluice, ib.3p.88, PFlor.388.44 (iii A. D.): pl., ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης channels, LXX 2 Ki.22.16. 9 Astrol., reckoning of the vital quadrant, Ptol.Tetr.127, cf. Vett.Val.136.2 (but ἀπὸ Λέοντος τὴν ἄφεσιν ποιούμενοι, simply, starting from... Id.31.8).
German (Pape)
[Seite 409] ἡ. 1) das Entlassen, die Loslassung, πλοίων Dem. 18, 77; eines Gefangenen, Pol. 1, 79 u. öfter; das Abschießen eines Geschosses. 27, 9; die Entlassung der Frau, Ehescheidung, Plut. Pomp. 44; das Loslassen eines Rennpferdes aus den Schranken und diese selbst, Paus. 6, 20, 7; Poll. 3, 147; Eröffnung der Schranken; von einer Stute, das Fohlen, Arist. H. A. 6, 22. – 2) das Erlassen einer Schuld od. Strafe, φόνου Plat. Legg. IX, 869 d; ὀφλήματος καὶ τάξεως Dem. 24, 45. – 3) = folgdm, Arist. H. A. 9, 40.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἄφεσις: -εως, ἡ, (ἀφίημι) τὸ ἀφιέναι, ἀπολύειν, ἀπόλυσις, περὶ τῆς τῶν πλοίων ἀφέσεως, Φίλιππ. παρὰ Δημ. 251. 3· ἐπὶ αἰχμαλώτου ἢ δούλου, Πλάτ. Πολιτ. 273C. 2) μετὰ γεν., περὶ τῆς ἀφέσεως... φόνου, περὶ τῆς ἀθῳώσεως ἀπὸ κατηγορίας φόνου, Πλάτ. Νόμ. 869D· ἀπαλλαγὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑποχρεώσεων συμβολαίου, Δημ. 893. 13., 1114. 8: ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸ ἀπόδοσις χρημάτων, Ἰσοκρ. 364D· ἀπαλλαγή ἀπὸ στρατιωτικῆς ὑπηρεσίας, Πλουτ. Ἀγησ. 24. 3) χαλάρωσις, ἐξάντλησις, Ἱππ. Ἐπιδημ. τὸ Γ΄, 1085. 4) ἀπόλυσις, διάζευξις, διαζύγιον, Πλουτ. Πομπ. 44· 5) ἡ ἄφεσις, τὸ ξεκίνημα (Λατ. missio) ἵππων ἐκ τῆς βαλβῖδος, ἵππων ἀφ. ποιεῖν Διόδ., 4. 73· καὶ ἑπομένως αὐτὴ ἡ βαλβίς, ἰσώσας τἀφέσει (οὕτως ὁ Musgr. ἀντὶ τῇ φύσει) τὰ τέρματα, ἰσώσας τῇ ἀφέσει τὸ τέρμα, δηλ. συμπληρώσας τὸν δίαυλον καὶ ἐπανελθών εἰς τὴν ὕσπληγγα, Σοφ. Ἠλ. 686, πρβλ. Ἀριστείδ. 1. 339, Παυσ. 5. 15, 4., 6. 20, 7, καὶ ἴδε ἀφετήριος 2: ― μεταφ., ἡ πρώτη ὁρμή, ἀρχὴ πράγματός τινος, Μανέθων 3. 405, κτλ. 6) ἔκχυσις, τοῦ ὕδατος Ἀριστ. π. Ζ. Μορ. 4. 13, 26· τοῦ θοροῦ, τοῦ ᾠοῦ ὁ αὐτ. π. Ζ. Γεν. 2. 6. 10· τοῦ κυήματος ὁ αὐτ. Ἱστ. Ζ. 8. 30, 7· ἡ γέννησις πώλου, αὐτόθι 6. 22, 8. 7) = ἀφεσμός, αὐτόθι 9. 40, 25.
French (Bailly abrégé)
εως (ἡ) :
litt. action de laisser aller, d’où
I. envoi (de vaisseaux);
II. action de congédier :
1 renvoi, licenciement;
2 répudiation d’une femme;
3 décharge du service militaire ; remise d’une dette.
Étymologie: ἀφίημι.
Spanish (DGE)
-εως, ἡ
I 1suelta, salida de actividades fisiológicas descarga, emisión c. gen. τῆς φύσης Hp.Prog.11, Coac.485, ὕδατος Arist.PA 697a24
•puesta τοῦ ὠοῦ Arist.GA 756a12
•expulsión τοῦ κυήματος Arist.HA 608a1
•salida del enjambre, Arist.HA 625a20
•de armas arrojadizas descarga, disparo τῶν τοξευμάτων Hp.Fract.2, βέλους D.S.17.41, de máquinas de guerra, Plb.27.11.6, Ph.Bel.58.24
•ἄφεσιν· ὕσπληγα Hsch.
•c. dat. ἀπολειφθείσαις ἀναπνοαῖς Charito 1.8.1.
2 en rel. c. el regadío suelta, derrama ἄ. ὕδατος PPetr.2.13.2.14 (III a.C.)
•concr., esp. en plu. raudal(es), cauces, acequias ἐξηράνθησαν ἀφέσεις ὑδάτων LXX Il.1.20, cf. POxy.918.5.20 (II d.C.), τὰ χώματα καὶ αἱ ἀφέσεις PPetr.2.42a.7, cf. 3.44.2.8 (ambos III d.C.)
•σπονδ(ῆς) ἀφέσε(ως) por el gasto (del mantenimiento) de la acequia, PMil.Vogl.212.1ue.10, 2ue.6, διῆλθεν ἐν τῷ ὕδατι ὕδωρ ἀφέσεως atravesó por el agua un agua (que tenía la profundidad) de acequia LXX Ez.47.3
•ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης las corrientes del mar LXX 2Re.22.16.
3 náut. botadura, flete τῶν πλωίων Philipp.Maced. en D.18.77.
II 1abandono del control, dejación τὸν ἐγγύτατα χρόνον ἀεὶ τῆς ἀφέσεως en el tiempo inmediato al abandono del control (por parte del κυβερνήτης del cosmos), Pl.Plt.273c, de una causa judicial, Isoc.17.29
•de las cosechas por parte del Estado después de recogidos los impuestos cesión, PYale 51.22 (II a.C.), ἡ ἄ. τῶν πυρίνων καρπῶν PAmh.43.9 (II a.C.), ὅταν ἡ ἄ. δοθῇ PPetr.2.2.1.10 (III a.C.)
•γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει tierra cedida por el estado en arriendo τὴν ἱερὰν γῆν καὶ τὴν ἄλλην τὴν ἐν ἀφέσει γῆν PTeb.5.37 (II a.C.).
2 medic. dejadez, abandono de las fuerzas ἄ. καὶ ἀφωνίη Hp.Epid.3.6 p.44
•remisión, desaparición de la fiebre, Hp.Epid.7.50, Coac.508
•pero resolución de la enfermedad en un sentido u otro, Hp.Morb.3.6, κρίσιες καὶ ἀφέσεις Hp.Iudic.11.
3 absolución φόνου Pl.Lg.864b, ἐγκλημάτων D.S.20.44, abs., Hermog.Stat.8, PSI 392.6, PLugd.Bat.20.29.3 (III a.C.)
•en lit. jud. crist. remisión, perdón de los pecados Eu.Marc.3.29, Ep.Hebr.9.22, ἁμαρτημάτων Ph.2.157, ἁμαρτιῶν Eu.Matt.26.28, Eu.Marc.1.4, Eu.Luc.1.77, cf. Ep.Barn.11.1, Iren.Lugd.Haer.1.21.2, Clem.Al.Ecl.15 (p.141.6), Hippol.Haer.6.41.2, Socr.Sch.HE 1.10.3.
4 cancelación de deudas, impuestos τῶγ χρημάτων IPE 12.32B.69 (Olbia III a.C.), ταλάντου TC 79B.7 (III a.C.), τοῦ χρέους LXX De.15.3
•abs. ποιῆσαι ἄφεσιν τῇ χώρᾳ LXX 1Ma.13.34.
5 exoneración de un compromiso, D.33.3, cf. 45.41
•exención de prestaciones personales, Arist.Ath.30.6, τῆς στρατείας Plu.Ages.24.
III ref. a pers.
1 manumisión de esclavos, Plb.1.79.12, cf. 21.26.17, IG 22.657.21 (III a.C.), PSI 452.13 (IV d.C.)
•en el AT jubileo τῷ ἑβδόμῳ (ἔτει) ἄφεσιν ποιήσεις LXX Ex.23.11, cf. Le.25.10, 11, 12, Ez.46.17
•gener. despedida λαοῖς ἀ. Apul.Met.11.17.
2 divorcio Plu.Pomp.42.
IV astrol. impulso inicial, punto de partida de la existencia en rel. c. la posición de los astros τῶν (τόπων) τῆς ἀφέσεως ἐπικρατούντων Ptol.Tetr.3.11.2, cf. Iudic.23.4, Vett.Val.135.1, ἄλλη γὰρ θ' ἑτέρῃ γενέθλῃ ἄ. συνάρησεν Man.3.405
•partida para definir puntos cardinales τὴν ἄφεσιν ποιούμενοι tomando como punto de partida Vett.Val.30.9.
English (Strong)
from ἀφίημι; freedom; (figuratively) pardon: deliverance, forgiveness, liberty, remission.
English (Thayer)
ἀφέσεως, ἡ (ἀφίημι);
1. release, as from bondage, imprisonment, etc.: Polybius 1,79, 12, etc.).
2. ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν forgiveness, pardon, of sins (properly, the letting them go, as if they had not been committed (see at length Trench, § xxxiii.)), remission of their penalty: τῶν παραπτωμάτων, ἄφεσις: φόνου, Plato, legg. 9, p. 869d.; ἐγκληματων, Diodorus 20,44 (so Dionysius Halicarnassus 50:8 § 50, see also 7,33; 7,46; especially 7,64; ἁμαρτημάτων, Philo, vit. Moys. 3:17; others.)).
Greek Monotonic
ἄφεσις: -εως, ἡ (ἀφίημι)·
1. άφεση, απόλυση, σε Φιλ. παρά Δημ.· απαλλαγή ή παραίτηση από συμβόλαιο, στον ίδ.· απαλλαγή από στρατιωτική υπηρεσία, σε Πλούτ.· διαζύγιο, στον ίδ.
2. άφεση, ξεκίνημα (Λατ. missio), λέγεται για άλογα από το σημείο αφετηρίας, ἰσώσας τἀφέσει τὰτέρματα, έχουν κάνει το σημείο άφιξης ένα με το σημείο αφετηρίας, δηλ. έχουν επιστρέψει στο σημείο αφετηρίας, σε Σοφ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἄφεσις: εως ἡ
1) бросание, метание (βελῶν Plut.);
2) выпускание (ἵππων Diod.);
3) извержение, испускание (ὕδατος, σπέρματος Arst.);
4) отпускание, освобождение (πλοίων Dem.; αἰχμαλώτων Polyb.; τῆς στρατείας Plut.);
5) (о животных) разрешение от бремени Arst.;
6) отпущение, прощение (φόνου Plat.; ὀφλημάτων Dem.);
7) расторжение брака, уведомление о разводе (πέμψαι τὴν ἄφεσίν τινι Plut.);
8) Arst. = ἀφεσμός.
Middle Liddell
ἀφίημι
1. a letting go, dismissal, Philipp. ap. Dem.:— a quittance or discharge from a bond, Dem.: exemption from service, Plut.: a divorce, Plut.
2. a letting go (Lat. missio) of horses from the starting-post, and then the starting-post itself, ἰσώσας τἀφέσει τὰ τέρματα having made the winning-post one with the starting-post, i. e. having come back to the starting-post, Soph.
Chinese
原文音譯:¥fesij 阿費-誒西士
詞類次數:名詞(17)
原文字根:從-讓(著) 相當於: (כָּפַר) (נָשָׂא) (סָלַח)
字義溯源:自由,釋放,赦免,得赦,得釋放,拯救,免去刑罰;源自(ἀφίημι / ἐναφίημι)=遣去);由(ἀπό / ἀπαρτί / ἀποπέμπω)*=從,出,離)與(εἰμί)X*=行走)組成。比較幾個有關赦免的編號:
1) (ἄφεσις)名詞,自由,赦免 2) (ἀφίημι / ἐναφίημι)動詞,遣去,赦免 3) (χαρίζομαι)動詞,恩待,赦免在新約,關於罪的赦免,總是 1)與主耶穌基督這一位人稱有關係。( 太9:6; 徒5:31; 13:38; 弗4:32; 西1:14)
2)與他的名有關係,( 約壹2:12)
3)與他的血有關係,( 太26:28; 弗1:7; 1:19; 來9:13; 約壹1:7; 啓1:5; 5:9)
出現次數:總共(17);太(1);可(2);路(5);徒(5);弗(1);西(1);來(2)
譯字彙編:
1) 赦免(12) 太26:28; 可1:4; 可3:29; 路3:3; 路24:47; 徒10:43; 徒13:38; 徒26:18; 弗1:7; 西1:14; 來9:22; 來10:18;
2) 得赦(2) 路1:77; 徒2:38;
3) 赦(1) 徒5:31;
4) 得釋放(1) 路4:18;
5) 自由(1) 路4:18