πρόσωπον

English (LSJ)

τό: pl. πρόσωπα, Ep. (Aeol.acc. to Sch.Il.7.212)

   A προσώπατα Od.18.192, AP5.230 (Maced.), Opp.C.1.419, etc.; dat. προσώπασι Il.7.212: a masc. nom. πρόσωπος is cited from Pl.Com.250:— face, countenance (cf. μέτωπον), Hom., always in pl., even of a single person, Il.7.212, 18.414, Od.19.361, al. (exc. Il.18.24), and so in Hes. Op.594 (v.l. -πον), S.Fr.871.6(v.infr.), El.1277(lyr.), OC314, X.An. 2.6.11(dub.), AP9.322 (Leon.): sg. in h.Hom.10.2,31.12, and usu. in later writers; π. κλιθὲν προσώπῳ Simon.37.12; εἰς π. βλέπειν E. Hipp.280; ἐς π. τινὸς ἀφικέσθαι come before him, ib.720; π. πρός τινα στρέφειν Id.Ph.457; οὐκ ὄψεσθε τὸ π. μου LXXGe.43.3, cf. UPZ 70.5 (ii B.C.); κατὰ πρόσωπον in front, facing, Th.1.106, X.Cyr.1.6.43, etc.; τὴν κατὰ π. τῆς ἀντίας φάλαγγος τάξιν ib.6.3.35; κατὰ π. Αἰγύπτου facing, fronting Egypt, LXX Ge.25.18; opp. κατὰ νώτου, Plb. 1.28.9; κατὰ π. ἄγειν, opp. κατὰ κέρας ὑπεραίρειν, Id.11.14.6, etc.; κατὰ π. in person, ἡ κατὰ π. ἔντευξις Plu.Caes.17; κατὰ π. παραμυθήσασθαι, opp. διὰ τοῦ ψαφίσματος, IG42(1).86.22 (Epid.); so κατὰ πρόσωπα Eudox.Ars11.21; also πρὸς τὸ π. X.Cyn.10.9; ἐπὶ προσώπου Ἰεριχώ in front of Jericho, LXX De.34.1; ἔρρ' ἐκ προσώπου Herod. 8.59; ἀπὸ π. τῆς γῆς LXXAm.9.8; βλέπειν εἰς π. τινός regard his countenance, Ev.Matt.22.16: usu. of the face of man or God, as λειτουργῶν τῷ π. Κυρίου LXX 1 Ki.2.11; οἱ ἄρτοι τοῦ π., of shewbread, ib.21.6: of the ibis, Hdt.2.76; of dogs, ἀπὸ τῶν π. φαιδραί X.Cyn.4.2; of horses, Arist.HA631a5; of deer, ib.579a2; of fish, Anaxandr. 30,33.16; face of the moon, S.Fr.871.6 (pl.), Plu.2.920b: metaph., ἀργυρωθεῖσαι πρόσωπα . . ἀοιδαί Pi.I.2.8.    2 front, façade, Id.P.6.14, cf. E.Ion 189 (lyr., pl.); κατὰ π. τοῦ ἱεροῦ, τῆς νεώς, PPetr.3p.2 (iii B.C.), Ach.Tat.3.1,2; τιθέναι τὰς φιάλας ἐπὶ πρόσωπον Asclep.Myrl. ap.Ath.11.501d.    II one's look, countenance, A.Ag.639,794 (anap., pl.), Eu.990 (anap., pl.), etc.; οὐ τὸ σὸν δείσας π. S.OT448: metaph., φαίνοισα π. Ἀλάθεια Pi.N.5.17.    2 Astrol., decan considered as the domain of a planet, ἐν ἰδίοις π. Vett.Val.62.21, Paul. Al.C.2.    III = προσωπεῖον, mask, D.19.287 (-εῖον is v.l.), Arist. Po.1449a36, b4, Pr.958a17, Dsc.3.144 (v.l.), Poll.2.47; π. ὑπάργυρον κατάχρυσον IG12.276.6, cf. 42(1).102.58,68 (Epid., iv B.C.), Clara Rhodos 6/7.428; ὀθόνινον π. prob. in Pl.Com.142; π. περίθετον Aristomen.5; of the Roman imagines, Plb.6.53.5; bust or portrait, Sammelb.5221, OGI432.1 (Naksh-i-Rustam, iii A.D.).    2 dramatic part, character, Phld.Rh.1.199S., Arr.Epict.1.29.45 and 57; κωφὸν π. Cic.Att.13.19.3; character in a book, τὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ὄνομα καὶ π. Plb.8.11.5; τὸ τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως π. Id.12.27.10, cf. Phld.Po.5.32; also ἀστοχεῖν τοῦ π., of an author, Callisth.44J.; ἐπὶ προσχήματι καὶ π. δικαστῶν Ael.Fr.168.    IV person, Phld.Rh.1.52S. (pl.); ἀδίκως μὴ κρῖνε πρόσωπον Ps.-Phoc.10; προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδίᾳ in person, in bodily presence, 1 Ep.Thess.2.17, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12; ποιεῖν or πληροῦν τὸ π. τινός to represent a person, PRein.56.30 (iv A.D.), Sammelb. 6000ii 12 (vi A.D.); λαμβάνειν π. τινός admit a person to one's presence, εἰ προσδέξεταί σε, εἰ λήψεται πρόσωπόν σου LXXMa.1.8; hence, = προσωποληπτεῖν, Ev.Luc.20.21, Ep.Gal.2.6; μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ π. μου, i.e. do not reject my prayer, LXX 3 Ki.2.20; θαυμάσαι π. ἀσεβοῦς ib.Pr.18.5; ὁ θεὸς ὁ μέγας... ὅστις οὐ θαυμάζει π. οὐδὲ οὐ μὴ λάβῃ δῶρον ib.De.10.17.    2 legal personality, Bion Borysth. ap. D.L.4.46.    3 Gramm., person, D.T.638.4,A.D.Pron.3.12, etc.; γυναικεῖα π. Alex.Trall.2.    4 π. πόλεως a feature of the city, of a person, Cic.Fam.15.17.2.    5 f.l.in Zeno Stoic.1.23 (cf.Nicol.Prog.p.4 F.).

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

πρόσωπον: τό· πληθ. πρόσωπα, Ἐπικ. προσώπατα Ὀδ. Σ. 192, Ὀππ., κλπ.· δοτικ. προσώπασι Ἰλ. Η. 212, πρβλ. Λοβέκ. Παραλ. 176· ὀνομαστική τις ἀρσεν. πρόσωπος μνημονεύεται ἐκ τοῦ Πλάτ. τοῦ Κωμ. ἐν Ἀδήλ. 39, ἴδε Meineke εἰς Κωμ. Ἀποσπ. 1, σ. 173: (ὤψ). Ὡς καὶ νῦν, πρόσωπον, ὄψις (πρβλ. μέτωπον), παρ’ Ὁμ. ἀεὶ ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἔτι καὶ ἐπὶ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου πλὴν ἐν Ἰλ. Σ. 24· ἀλλ’ ἐν τοῖς ὕμνοις καὶ παρ’ Ἡσιόδῳ ὁ ἑνικὸς ἐπικρατεῖ, ὡς καὶ παρὰ τοῖς μετέπειτα· ἡ Ὁμηρικὴ χρῆσις ἀπαντᾷ ἐν Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 713, Ξεν. Ἀν. 2. 6, 11, Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 322, ἴδε Κόντου Γραμματ. Παρατηρ. ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς τ. Ζ΄, σελ. 35 κἑξ.· - φαίνειν πρόσωπον, δεικνύειν τὸ πρόσωπον, Πινδ. Ν. 5. 31· βλέπειν τινὰ εἰς πρ. Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 280· ἐς πρ. τινος ἀφικέσθαι, ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, αὐτόθι 720· πρ. στρέφειν πρός τινα ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Φοιν. 457· -κατὰ πρ., μὲ τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστραμμένον κατέναντι, Θουκ. 1. 106, Ξεν. Κύρ. 1. 6, 43, κτλ.· τὴν κατὰ πρ. τῆς ἀντίας φάλαγγος τάξιν αὐτόθι 6. 3, 35· κατὰ πρ. Αἰγύπτου, ἔναντι Αἰγύπτου, Ἑβδ. (Γέν. ΚΕ΄, 18)· ἀντίθετον τῷ κατὰ νώτου, Πολύβ. 1. 28, 9· κατὰ πρ. ἄγειν, ἀντίθετ. τῷ ἐπὶ ἢ κατὰ κέρας ὁ αὐτ. 11. 14, 6, κτλ.· ἡ κατὰ πρ. ἔντευξις, πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον, tête-à-tête, Πλουτ. Καῖσ. 17· ὡσαύτως, πρὸς τὸ πρ. Ξεν. Κυν. 10, 9· βλέπειν εἰς πρ. τινος Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κβ΄, 16· οὕτω, λαμβάνειν πρ. τινος, = προσωποληπτεῖν τινα, Λουκ. κ΄, 21, Ἐπιστ. πρ. Γαλ. β΄, 6. - Ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου προσώπου, ἀνθ’ οὗ ἐπὶ ζῴων ἦν ἐν χρήσει ἡ λέξις προτομή· ἀλλ’ ὁ Ἡρόδ., 2. 76, ἔχει τὴν λέξιν πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τῆς ἴβιος, Ἀριστ. περὶ τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 6. 29, 6., 9. 47, 2· ὡσαύτως ἐπὶ κυνῶν, Ξεν. Κυν. 4, 2· ἐπὶ ἵππων, Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 9. 47, 2· ἐπὶ ἐλάφων, αὐτόθι 6. 29, 6: - ἡ ὄψις τῆς σελήνης, Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 713· - μεταφορ., ἀρχομένου δ’ ἔργου πρόσωπον χρὴ θέμεν τηλαυγές, «παντὸς γὰρ ἔργου, φησίν, ἀρχομένου περίβλεπτον καὶ ἐξαίρετον δεῖ ποιεῖν τὸ τῆς προσόψεως, ἤτοι τὴν εἰσβολὴν καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν λαμπρὰν καὶ ἐπίσημον» (Σχόλ.), Πινδ. Ο. 6. 4, πρβλ. Ι. 2. 13. 2) τὸ πρόσθεν μέρος παντὸς πράγματος, κατὰ πρ. τῆς νηὸς Ἀχιλλ. Τάτ. 3. 1, 2· ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τιθέναι τὰς φιάλας Ἀσκληπιάδης ὁ Μυρλεανὸς παρ’ Ἀθην. 501D. ΙΙ. ἡ ὄψις, ἡ μορφή, ἡ φυσιογνωμία τινός, Λατ. vultus, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 639, 794, κτλ.· οὐ τὸ σὸν δείσας πρ., πρβλ. τὸ τοῦ Ὀρατίου vultus instantis tyranni, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 448· καθόλου πρόσωπον, μορφή, Σιμωνίδ. 44 (50). 12, πρβλ. Dissen εἰς Πινδ. Ν. 5. 16. ΙΙΙ. = προσωπεῖον, προσωπίς, Δημ. 433· 22 (ἔν τισιν Ἀντιγράφοις φέρεται προσωπεῖον), Ἀριστ. Ποιητ. 5, 2 καὶ 4, Προβλ. 31. 7, 5, Πολυβ. Β΄, 47, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Εὐμ. 990· πρβλ. πρ. ὑπάργυρον κατὰ χρυσὸν Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 139. 7· ὀθόνινον πρ. (οὕτως ὁ Hoeschel ἀντὶ ὀθόνιον) Πλάτ. Κωμ. ἐν «Σοφισταῖς» 9· πρ. περίθετον Ἀριστομ. ἐν «Γόησιν» 1. 2) πρόσωπον δράματος, χαρακτήρ, Λατιν. persona, Ἀρρ. Ἐπίκτ. 1. 29, 45 καὶ 57, παρὰ Σουΐδ. ἐν λ. εὐθυδικία. - Περὶ τῶν προσωπείων τῶν ἀρχαίων ἴδε Λεξικ. τῶν Ἀρχαιοτ. ἐν λέξει πρόσωπον ἢ προσωπεῖον. 3) ὡς τὸ πρόσχημα ΙΙ. Λατ. forma, Πινδ. Π. 6. 14, πρβλ. Ι. 2. 13. IV. ἄνθρωπος, Πολύβ. 8. 13, 5., 12. 27, 10, Καιν. Διαθ., κτλ.· ἀδίκως μὴ κρῖνε πρόσωπον Ψευδο-Φωκυλ. 8· προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδίᾳ, ἐν προσωπικῇ παρουσίᾳ, Α΄ Ἐπιστ. πρ. Θεσσ. β΄, 17, πρβλ. Β΄πρ. Κορ. ε΄, 12· - περὶ τῆς ἐκκλησιαστ. σημασίας ἴδε Ἰακωψ. Patr. Ap. σ. 6, Suicer ἐν λέξ. 2) ὡσαύτως παρὰ τοῖς γραμματ., πρόσωπον ὡς παρεπόμενον ῥημάτων καὶ ἀντωνυμιῶν. V. οἱ ἄρτοι τοῦ προσώπου = οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως Ἑβδομ. (Α΄Βασιλ. ΚΑ΄, 6)· - ἐκ προσώπου τῆς Ρωμαίων Ἐκκλησίας παρὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τῶν Ρωμαίων, ὡς ἀντιπρόσωπος αὐτῆς, Εὐσ. ΙΙ. 293C. = τῷ Λατ. persona = ὑπόστασις, Ἱππόλ. 821Α, Ἀθαν. ΙΙ. 729Β, Βασίλ. ΙΙΙ, 601Α,C, κλπ.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ου (τό) :
1 face, figure ; βλέπειν τινὰ εἰς πρόσωπον EUR regarder qqn en face ; κατὰ πρόσωπον ἔντευξις PLUT rencontre ou entretien face à face, un tête-à-tête ; p. ext. aspect, air ; p. anal. face ou front d’une armée;
2 figure artificielle, particul. masque de théâtre ; rôle, personnage de théâtre ; personne en gén.
Étymologie: πρός, ὤψ.

English (Slater)

πρόσωπον (-ον, -ου, -ον; -α acc.)
   a face οὔ τοι ἅπασα κερδίων φαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθεἰ ἀτρεκής (v. l. ἀτρεκές ap. Stobaeum) (N. 5.17) οὐδ' ἐπέρναντο γλυκεῖαι μελιφθόγγου ποτὶ Τερψιχόρας ἀργυρωθεῖσαι πρόσωπα μαλθακόφωνοι ἀοιδαί (I. 2.8)
   b facade met., of the prelude to an ode ἀρχομένου δ' ἔργου πρόσωπον χρὴ θέμεν τηλαυγές (O. 6.3) φάει δὲ πρόσωπον ἐν καθαρῷ νίκαν Κρισαίαις ἐνὶ πτυχαῖς ἀπαγγελεῖ (P. 6.14)

English (Strong)

from πρός and ops (the visage, from ὀπτάνομαι); the front (as being towards view), i.e. the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person: (outward) appearance, X before, countenance, face, fashion, (men's) person, presence.

English (Thayer)

προσώπου, τό (from πρός and ὤψ, cf. μέτωπον), from Homer down; the Sept. hundreds of times for פָּנִים, also for אַפַיִם, etc.;
1.
a. the face, i. e. the anterior part of the human head: T Tr WH omit; Lachmann brackets the clause); τό πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως, the face with which one is born (A. V. his natural face), πίπτειν ἐπί πρόσωπον (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 27,1n.; 122 (116)) and ἐπί τό πρόσωπον, ἔπεσαν ἐπί τά πρόσωπα, G L T Tr WH); ἀγνωυμενος τίνι τῷ προσώπῳ, unknown to one by face, i. e. personally unknown, προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδία (A. V. in presence, not in heart), κατά πρόσωπον, in or toward (i. e. so as to look into) the face, i. e. before, in the presence of (see κατά, II:1c.): opposed to ἀπών, τίνος added, before (the face of) one, ἔχω τινα κατά πρόσωπον, i. e. to have one present in person (A. V. face to face), ἀντέστην κατά πρόσωπον, I resisted him to the face (with a suggestion of fearlessness), κατά πρόσωπον λέγειν τούς λόγους, Polybius 25,5, 2; add ἀντιστῆναι κατά πρόσωπον τίνος simply denotes to stand against, resist, withstand); τά κατά πρόσωπον the things before the face, i. e. open, known to all, ὁρᾶν τό πρόσωπον τίνος, to see one's face, see him personally, ἰδεῖν, θεωρεῖν, θεωρέω, 2a.); particularly, βλέπειν τό πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ (see βλέπω, 1b. β.), ὁρᾶν τό πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ (see ὁράω, 1), ἐμφανισθῆναι τῷ πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ, to appear before the face of God, spoken of Christ, the eternal priest, who has entered into the heavenly sanctuary, אֵל־פָּנִים פָּנִים we have the phrase πρόσωπον πρός πρόσωπον, face (turned (see πρός, I:1a., p. 541 b)) to face (εἶδον τινα, βλέπω namely, τόν Θεόν, see God face to face, i. e. discern perfectly his nature, will, purposes, πρό προσώπου τίνος (פ לִפנֵי) (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 65,4b. at the end; Buttmann, 319 (274)), i. e. before one, to announce his coming and remove the obstacles from his way, πρό προσώπου τίνος (of time) before a thing, לִפְנֵי in Sept. simply πρό (cf. πρό, b., p. 536b bottom)). πρός φωτισμόν τῆς γνώσεως τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν προσώπῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, that we may bring forth into the light the knowledge of the glory of God as it shines in the face of Jesus Christ, πρόσωπον is 'face,' and Paul is led to use the word by what he had said in countenance, look (Latin vultus), i. e. the face so far forth as it is the organ of sight, and (by its various movements and changes) the index of the inward thoughts and feelings: κλίνειν τό πρόσωπον εἰς τήν γῆν, to bow the face to the earth (a characteristic of fear and anxiety), τό πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου ἐπί τινα, namely, ἐστιν, the face of the Lord is (turned) upon one, i. e. he looks upon and watches him, στηρίζειν τό πρόσωπον (Hebrew שׂוּם or פָּנִים נָתַן; cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus, ii., p. 1109 on the same form of expression in Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Turkish) τοῦ πορεύεσθαι εἰς with an accusative of the place (A. V. steadfastly to set one's face to go etc. (see στηρίζω, a.)), τό πρόσωπον τίνος ἐστι πορευόμενον εἰς with the accusative of place, τό πρόσωπον σου πορευόμενον ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, ἀπό προσώπου τίνος φεύγειν, to flee in terror from the face (German Anblick) of one enraged, κρύπτειν τινα etc. (see κρύπτω, a.), ἀνάψυξις ἀπό προσώπου Θεοῦ, the refreshing which comes from the bright and smiling countenance of God to one seeking comfort, ἀπό, p. 59a middle; μετά τοῦ προσώπου σου, namely, ὄντα, in the presence of thy joyous countenance (see μετά, I:2b. β'.), εἰς πρόσωπον τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν, turned unto (i. e. in (R. V.)) the face of the churches as the witnesses of your zeal, ἵνα ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων ... διά πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ, that from many faces (turned toward God and expressing the devout and grateful feelings of the soul) thanks may be rendered by many (accordingly, both ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων and διά πολλῶν belong to εὐχαριστηθῇ (cf. Meyer ad loc.; see below)), ἀπό προσώπου τίνος (פ מִפְּנֵי), from the sight or presence of one, A. V. before the face; ἐν προσώπῳ Χριστοῦ, in the presence of Christ, i. e. Christ looking on (and approving), πρόσωπον here and in person (cf. R. V.): — here nearly equivalent to on the part of (Vulg. in persona Christi); there equivalent to 'an individual' (Plutarch, de garrul. 13, p. 509b.; Epictetus diss. 1,2, 7; Polybius 8,13, 5; 12,27, 10; 27,6, 4; Clement of Rome, 1 Corinthians 1,1 [ET]; 47,6 [ET]; Phryn., p. 379, and Lobeck's note, p. 380)).
c. Hebraistically, the appearance one presents by his wealth or poverty, his rank or low condition; outward circumstances, external condition; so used in expressions which denote to regard the person in one's judgment and treatment of men: βλέπειν εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων, θαυμάζειν πρόσωπα, λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον (τίνος), βλέπω, 2c., θαυμάζω λαμβάνω, I:4). καυχᾶσθαι ἐν προσώπῳ καί οὐ καρδία, to glory in those things which they simulate in look, viz. piety, love, righteousness, although their heart is devoid of these virtues, the outward appearance of inanimate things (A. V. face (except in James as below)): τοῦ ἄνθους, τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τῆς γῆς, T brackets; WH reject the passage); Psalm 103(104):Ovid. metam. 1,6; maris facies, Vergil Aen. 5,768; on this use of the noun facies see Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae 13,29); surface: τῆς γῆς, πᾶς, I:1c.) (Genesis 11:8).